Sustainable Cultivation of Desmodesmus armatus SAG276.4d using Leachate as a Growth Supplement for Simultaneous Biomass Production and CO2 Fixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-873
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufiq Kamal Fuad ◽  
Azianabiha A Halip Khalid ◽  
Kamrul Fakir Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Microalgae cultivation has been identified to be highly beneficial for the production of valuable biomass. The recent worldwide interest is to cultivate microalgae in wastewater to replace the use of expensive commercial media. Microalgae can utilize nutrients from the wastewater for their biomass growth, which is useful as feedstock in many products. Interestingly, microalgae cultivation is also capable of reducing a greenhouse gas due to absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis. This study was conducted to study the growth of microalgae using leachate as a nutrient supplement. The scope of the research involved the cultivation of freshwater microalgae, Desmodesmus armatus, in the synthetics medium with various percentages of leachate under different light exposures. The growth parameters such as the specific growth rate, biomass productivity, and cell division time were used to evaluate the microalgae growth performance. The amount of CO2 absorbed during the cultivation was determined based on the total biomass production. The highest growth rate of 0.423/day was achieved using a 5% leachate medium under 12 h light duration, and the highest carbon fixation of 1.317 g CO2/L/day was calculated using a culture supplemented with 5% leachate with 24 h light period. The high presence of nutrients in the leachate has contributed to the growth of the microalgae; thus, it has great potential as an alternative growth medium to support biomass production and subsequently help to mitigate global warming.

scholarly journals Effects of water deficit on growth and physiology of young Conocarpus erectus L. and Ficus benjamina L. Saplings

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Mir Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Co2 Assimilation Rate ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water deficit on growth and physiological parameters of Ficus benjamina and Conocarpus erectus. The results revealed that all growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, no. of leaves, no. of branches and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased under water deficit condition. Interestingly, although leaf, stem and total biomass production and allocation decreased significantly under water deficit, but root biomass production and allocation increased significantly. Similarly, stomatal conductance to water vapor decreased significantly and CO2 assimilation rate remained similar to control under water deficit condition. Resultantly, a significant increase in water use efficiency was evident in both species under water deficit condition. These results suggested that, in spite of a significant decrease in biomass production, young Conocarpus erectus and Ficus benjamina can tolerate water deficit which is due to sustained CO2 assimilation rate and increase in root biomass.

scholarly journals Carbon stock estimation and mapping of mangrove forest using ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 in Benoa Bay Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
I G A I Mahasani ◽  
T Osawa ◽  
I W S Adnyana ◽  
A A M A P Suardana ◽  
Chonnaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Mangrove forests in tropics coastlines area play an essential role in carbon fixation and carbon storage. Mangrove forests in coastal areas are very effective and efficient in reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere because mangroves can absorb CO2 through photosynthesis by diffusion through stomata and then store carbon in the form of biomass. With the lack of efforts to manage mangrove forests, it needs to be developed so that forest functions can be utilized sustainably. This paper describes examining the use of remote sensing data, particularly dual-polarization ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data, with the primary objective to estimate the carbon stock of mangrove forests in Benoa Bay, Bali. The carbon stock was estimated by analyzing HV Polarization, Above Ground Biomass (AGB), and ground biomass (BGB). The total carbon stock was obtained by multiplying the total biomass with the organic carbon value of 0.47. The potential carbon stock in the mangrove Benoa Bay area is 209,027.28 ton C to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) of 767,130.11 ton CO2 Sequestration same with 3.87 X 1011 bottles in 2015 and 204.422,59 ton C to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) of 750.230,93 ton CO2 Sequestration same with 3.79 x 1011 bottles in 2020.

scholarly journals A novel nanoemulsion based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Nigam ◽  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO2 supplement.Results: In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in Blue-green 11 media (BG11). After 12 days of cultivation, biomass yield was found highest in 1% PE followed by 1% SE and control i.e, 3.20, 2.75, and 1.03 g L-1, respectively. The chlorophyll-a synthesis was improved by 76% in 1% SE and 53% in 1% PE compared with control. The respective microalgal cell numbers for 1% PE, 1% SE and control measured using the cell counter were 3.00 × 106, 2.40 × 106, and 1.34 × 106 cells mL-1. The effective CO2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for enhanced algal growth and biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE =26.80%, 1% SE =23.60%) and carbohydrates (1% PE =17.20%, 1% SE =18.90%) content compared to the control (lipid =18.05%, carbohydrates =13.60%).Conclusions: This study describes a novel nanoemulsion which potentially acts as an effective CO2 supplement for microalgal growth media thereby increasing the growth of microalgal cells. Further, nanoemulsions cultivated microalgal biomass depict an increase in lipid and carbohydrate content. The approach provides high microalgal biomass productivity without altering morphological characteristics like cell shape and size as revealed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images.

scholarly journals Effects of a Trench as a Moisture Harvesting Structure on the Biomass Production and Growth of Trees Planted to Restore Degraded Land, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8560
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Alem ◽  
Petr Němec ◽  
Hana Habrová
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Acacia Saligna ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Species Specific

Knowledge about the biomass productivity of trees planted in a rainwater harvesting structure, i.e., a trench (T), relative to a normal pit (P) on degraded land is scarce. The objective of this research paper is to compare the effect of T with P on the growth and biomass production of the Acacia saligna and Casuarina equisetifolia which were planted on degraded land. All the individual stems of both species in the T and P, their diameters at breast height (DBH) and heights in 2016 and 2020 were measured. Species-specific allometric equations were used to quantify the biomass production of the studied species. The t-tests were used for data analysis; both A. saligna and C. equisetifolia individuals planted in the T had higher DBH and height increment as compared with A. saligna and C. equisetifolia that were planted and grown in a P. The results also revealed significant differences on the mean DBH and height of A. saligna and C. equisetifolia planted in a T and P (p < 0.05). Between 2016 and 2020, the total biomass (TB) of A. saligna planted in a T and in a P increased significantly (p < 0.05) on average by 25.5 kg/tree and 7.7 kg/tree, respectively (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mean TB values of the C. equisetifolia planted in a T and a P between 2016 and 2020 increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 28.9 kg/tree and 13.1 kg/tree, respectively. Finally, establishing trenches to restore degraded lands was shown to facilitate growth and biomass production of planted species on degraded land.

scholarly journals A novel nanoemulsion-based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Nigam ◽  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO2 supplement. Results In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in Blue-green 11 media (BG11). After 12 days of cultivation, biomass yield was found highest in 1% PE followed by 1% SE and control, i.e., 3.20, 2.75, and 1.03 g L−1, respectively. The chlorophyll-a synthesis was improved by 76% in 1% SE and 53% in 1% PE compared with control. The respective microalgal cell numbers for 1% PE, 1% SE and control measured using the cell counter were 3.00 × 106, 2.40 × 106, and 1.34 × 106 cells mL−1. The effective CO2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for enhanced algal growth and biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion-cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE = 26.80%, 1% SE = 23.60%) and carbohydrates (1% PE = 17.20%, 1% SE = 18.90%) content compared to the control (lipid = 18.05%, carbohydrates = 13.60%). Conclusions This study describes a novel nanoemulsion which potentially acts as an effective CO2 supplement for microalgal growth media thereby increasing the growth of microalgal cells. Further, nanoemulsion-cultivated microalgal biomass depicts an increase in lipid and carbohydrate content. The approach provides high microalgal biomass productivity without altering morphological characteristics like cell shape and size as revealed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2660
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Segovia Bifarini ◽  
Miha Žitnik ◽  
Tjaša Griessler Bulc ◽  
Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Sanitation Systems

In this study, we examined a Chlorella vulgaris-based system as a potential solution to change liquid waste, such as blackwater, into valuable products for agriculture while protecting waters from pollution without technical demanding pre-treatment. To evaluate the possibility of nutrient removal and biomass production from raw blackwater, four blackwater dilutions were tested at lab-scale: 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The results showed that even the less diluted raw blackwater was a suitable growth medium for microalgae C. vulgaris. As expected, the optimum conditions were observed in 10% blackwater with the highest growth rate (0.265 d−1) and a nutrient removal efficiency of 99.6% for ammonium and 33.7% for phosphate. However, the highest biomass productivity (5.581 mg chlorophyll-a L−1 d−1) and total biomass (332.82 mg dry weight L−1) were achieved in 50% blackwater together with the highest chemical oxygen demand removal (81%) as a result of the highest nutrient content and thus prolonged growth phase. The results suggested that the dilution factor of 0.5 followed by microalgae cultivation with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days could offer the highest biomass production for the potential use in agriculture and, in parallel, a way to treat raw blackwater from source-separation sanitation systems.

scholarly journals A novel nanoemulsion based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Nigam ◽  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost the algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO 2 supplement.Results: In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in BG11 media During 12-day growth experiment, the 1% PE gave the highest biomass yield (3.2± 0.07gL -1 ), followed by 1%SE (2.75 ± 0.07 gL -1 ) and control (1.03±0.02 gL -1 ). The respective microalgal cell number measured using cell counter were (3.0 ± 0.21 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ), (2.4 ± 0.30 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ) and (1.34 ± 0.09 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ). Cell viability analysis using MTT assay showed that 1% PE also had higher viable cells (94%) compared to 1% SE (77%) and control (53%). The effective CO 2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for greater biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE=26.8%, 1% SE=23.6%) and carbohydrates (1% PE=17.2%, 1% SE=18.9%) content compared to the control (lipid=18.05%, carbohydrates=13.6%).Conclusions: This study provides a novel nanoemulsion which acts as an effective CO 2 supplement for microalgal growth media which increase the growth of microalgal cells. Importantly, nanoemulsions cultivated microalgal biomass possess increment in lipid and carbohydrate content. This approach also provides high microalgal biomass productivity without alteration of morphological characteristics like cell shape and cell size.

scholarly journals Parent stand age and harvesting treatment effects on juvenile aspen biomass productivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
Young Parent ◽  
Branch Biomass ◽  
Harvest Method

The objectives of this study were to characterize parent stand age and harvest method treatment effects on biomass production of aspen and other species, and to construct equations for the prediction of aspen stemwood, branch, and foliage biomass production. Aspen from young parent stands (30–40 years) generally regenerated taller and denser stands, and produced higher total aspen biomass and larger proportions of branch biomass than those regenerated from older parent stands. Stands regenerated after total biomass removal were taller and had larger diameters and average densities than stands regenerated by conventional logging. Aspen biomass component production was predicted consistently by various combinations and transformations of height and diameter. Key words: aspen, biomass equations, biomass production, harvest method, logging method, parent age

scholarly journals Decolourization of chicken compost derived liquid fertilizer via synergic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozonation for enhanced microalgae cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Yik Lam Kam ◽  
Man Kee Lam ◽  
Yoke Wang Cheng ◽  
Yaleeni Kanna Dasan ◽  
Sie Yon Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency ◽  
Initial Ph

Compost-derived liquid fertilizers are uncostly and nutrient-enriched; however, its dark brown appearance limits light uptake of microalgae during autotrophic cultivation. Here, integrated UV irradiation/ozonation pretreatment was employed to decolourize the compost solution prior to microalgae cultivation. Aforesaid pretreatment could accomplish 16.52 % (8 h) or 40.88 % (24 h) decolorization efficiency by using optimal parameters (initial pH of 12, ozone concentration of 30 mg/L, and ozone flow rate of 3 L/min. Compared to untreated compost solution, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grew better in the medium supplemented with decolourized compost solution (after 24 h UV irradiation/ozonation). For the autotrophic cultivation of C. vulgaris with 10 vol.% compost solution, UV irradiation/ozonation pretreatment eventually increases the microalgae dry weight, specific growth rate, and biomass productivity from 0.58 g/L, 0.14 d-1, and 0.040 g/(L·d) to 0.88 g/L, 0.19 d-1, and 0.065 g/(L·d), respectively. Furthermore, the lipid content of microalgae has been increased by 33.33% with pretreatment of compost solution.

Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Zui Tao ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Formation

Summary The development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.

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