scholarly journals An innovative method for rapid detection of urinary oxalate in goats with urolithiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Esfandiary ◽  
Suraj Patel ◽  
Arun Wanchoo ◽  
Alexandria Voigt ◽  
Samuel Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Stone Prevention ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Background: Oxalate is a natural and abundant metabolic by-product; as a highly oxidized organic compound with powerful chelating activity, in high concentrations it can cause morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans. Elevated levels in urine (i.e., hyperoxaluria) have been found to correlate with several human diseases, especially urolithiasis or kidney stone disease (KSD)- a disease also prevalent in goats. Current methods for measuring oxalate are highly technical, cumbersome, and time-consuming, which often forces clinics to utilize expensive diagnostic laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we designed an innovative device, Oxalometer, to measure urinary oxalate in goats. Results: The results indicate that the Oxalometer performed as accurately as the standard commercially available test. The Oxalometer was able to measure higher levels of urinary oxalate in goats with urolithiasis compared to non-urolithiasis goats. The data demonstrate the accuracy and sensitivity of the Oxalometer. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study supports the future application of the device in determining on-the-spot oxalate levels in patients and brings kidney stone prevention to point-of-care practice for ruminants.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation guidelines in patients with nephrolithiasis: Are they being followed? Results of a national, multi-institutional, quality-assessment study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina S. Harmouch ◽  
Hiba Abou-Haidar ◽  
Hassan ElHawary ◽  
Thomas Grgic ◽  
Andrea G. Lantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Quality Assessment Study ◽  
Stone Prevention ◽  
First Time

Introduction: The significant cost burden of kidney stones underscores the importance of best clinical practice in kidney stone management. We evaluated adherence to kidney stone metabolic evaluation guidelines in a Canadian population and the interest of patients with regard to prevention.Methods: A questionnaire based on Canadian Urological Association (CUA) best practice guidelines was designed. Patients presenting for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment (ESWL) were administered this questionnaire to evaluate risk factors of stone disease and assess the use of metabolic evaluations. Patients were asked if they received explanations about their results and if they were interested in kidney stone prevention.Results: We identified 530 patients at five academic institutions; 79.4% had at least one indication to receive a metabolic evaluation (high-risk stone formers), which increased to 96.6% if first-time stone formers whom reported an interest in metabolic evaluation were included. However, only 41.1 % of these patients had a metabolic evaluation. Endourologists ordered metabolic evaluation more often than other referring urologists (63.6% vs. 36.5%; p<0.001). Furthermore, urologists ordered metabolic evaluations more often than other prescribing physicians (68.9% vs. 31.1%; p<0.001). Sixtytwo percent of patients received explanations about their metabolic evaluation results and 77.5% understood them. Regarding prevention, 84.1% and 83.8% were interested in more explanations and in following a diet or taking a medication, respectively.Conclusions: Adherence to CUA metabolic evaluation guidelines is suboptimal and could be improved by urologists referring patients for ESWL. Communication between physician and patient may not be adequate. The majority of stone formers are interested in kidney stone prevention.

scholarly journals Contribution of Dietary Oxalate and Oxalate Precursors to Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Crivelli ◽  
Tanecia Mitchell ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
Dean G. Assimos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Kidney stone disease is increasing in prevalence, and the most common stone composition is calcium oxalate. Dietary oxalate intake and endogenous production of oxalate are important in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate stone disease. The impact of dietary oxalate intake on urinary oxalate excretion and kidney stone disease risk has been assessed through large cohort studies as well as smaller studies with dietary control. Net gastrointestinal oxalate absorption influences urinary oxalate excretion. Oxalate-degrading bacteria in the gut microbiome, especially Oxalobacter formigenes, may mitigate stone risk through reducing net oxalate absorption. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the main dietary precursor for endogenous production of oxalate with several other compounds playing a lesser role. Renal handling of oxalate and, potentially, renal synthesis of oxalate may contribute to stone formation. In this review, we discuss dietary oxalate and precursors of oxalate, their pertinent physiology in humans, and what is known about their role in kidney stone disease.

Somatosensory and trophic findings in the referred pain area in patients with kidney stone disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Venborg Pedersen ◽  
Asbjørn Mohr Drewes ◽  
Ole Graumann ◽  
Susanne Sloth Osther ◽  
Anne Estrup Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Referred Pain ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Trophic Changes ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Pain Area

AbstractBackground and purposeVisceral and somatic afferents activate the same neuronal structures in the central nervous system. Assessing somatosensory function and trophic changes in the referred pain area may therefore indirectly increase information on mechanisms involved in painful visceral diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory and trophic changes in the flank corresponding to the referred pain area in patients with kidney stone disease.MethodsA total of 24 patients with unilateral pain-causing kidney stone disease were studied before and after endoscopic percutaneous kidney stone surgery. Trophic changes and sensitivity on the affected and on the contra-lateral side in the pain free period were investigated. For this purpose we used standardized experimental sensory testing including pressure stimulation and electrical (single and repeated) skin stimulation. Five repeated stimuli were used to investigate temporal summation (increased responses to repeated stimuli). To investigate trophic changes ultrasound as well as CT-scan was used, since the latter is considered more precise for exact tissue layer measurements.ResultsThe pain tolerance thresholds to pressure and pain thresholds to electrical stimulation were not significantly different on the two sides (all P>0.1). After surgery no significant alterations in sensitivity were detected, but there was a tendency to higher pain thresholds to electrical stimuli on the affected side (single stimuli P=0.06; repeated stimuli P=0.09). No trophic changes were observed (all P>0.3), and there were no relations between the pain thresholds or trophic findings and the number of colics (all P >0.08).ConclusionIn patients with unilateral pain-causing kidney stone disease the pain to experimental pressure and electrical stimuli were comparable on the affected and contra-lateral side. For the first time a CT-scan was used to evaluate tissue thickness in the referred pain area. No trophic changes were seen in the muscle or subcutaneous tissue at the affected side, and there were no correlations between the pain thresholds or trophic findings and the patients history of number of colics. After the operation no significant alterations in sensitivity were detected.ImplicationsThis study could not confirm previous studies showing referred hyperalgesia in the skin and trophic changes in the referred pain area to painful visceral disease. Differences in the pain intensity/duration between different diseases and hence the corresponding central neuronal changes may explain the negative findings in the present study.

scholarly journals Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pediatric Kidney Stone Prevention, Part Two

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. e11-e14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Carvalho-Salemi ◽  
Lorrie Moreno ◽  
Mini Michael
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Stone Prevention ◽  
Medical Nutrition

scholarly journals Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.

Central adiposity and diabetes are causally associated with kidney stone disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lovegrove ◽  
Akira Wiberg ◽  
Thomas Littlejohns ◽  
Naomi Allen ◽  
Benjamin Turney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease

MO120STONE COMPOSITION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE  IN PATIENTS WIITH NEPHROLITHIASIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lucía Valencia ◽  
Armando Coca ◽  
Arturo Lorenzo ◽  
Veronica Fidalgo ◽  
Vicente Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney stone disease is widely prevalent in the general population and has been associated with multiple comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to describe the possible link between stone composition and cardiovascular disease and its differential effect among women and men. Method Retrospective review of patients with known stone composition seen in a nephrolithiasis unit in the last five years. Anthropometric and clinical data were gathered from the hospital records. Stone composition was defined as such if ≥50% of the stone was made from a single component. Cardiovascular disease included coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis were applied to describe the potential relationship between stone composition and cardiovascular disease. Results 337 patients were included in the study sample. Median age was 57 (IQR 47-67), 61.1% males. 58.2% suffered from recurrent stone disease and 28.5% from family history of stone formation. 32.9% of patients had hypertension, 22,4% diabetes and 13,1% chronic kidney disease. The most common kidney stone component was calcium oxalate (38.6%) followed by calcium phosphate (21.3%), uric acid (14.2%), struvite (8%) and brushite (0.9%). Only uric acid as main stone component was associated with cardiovascular disease among men but not women in our sample in univariate analysis. That relationship was lost in adjusted logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Calcium oxalate and phosphate were the most common components of kidney stones. No relationship was found between stone composition and cardiovascular disease in the study sample.

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