Assessment and Correction of Stress in Preterm Infants and Their Mothers

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-508519/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iryna Sarapuk ◽

Halyna Pavlyshyn

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Overall Design ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Baseline Response ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Skin To Skin

Abstract The objective was to study the peculiarities of hormonal stress in preterm infants in the NICU and their mothers, and to investigate how skin-to-skin contact influences it. The study included 60 preterm infants with GA˂32 weeks who were treated in NICU and their mothers. The overall design was a baseline-response design. Saliva was collected before (baseline) and after skin-to-skin contact to measure cortisol by enzyme immunoassay method. Infant baseline salivary cortisol level was 0.587 [0.239; 1,714] µg/dL. It was significantly higher in neonates who had invasive ventilation (1.00 [0.38; 2.44]) µg/dL compared to non-ventilated infants (0.335 [0.156; 1.236]) µg/dL, p = 0.022; and positively correlated with the Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes (r=-0.36; p = 0.011 and r=-0.34; p = 0.017) and duration of ventilation (r = 0.70; p = 0.0000). Maternal baseline salivary cortisol level was 0.212 [0.123; 0.378]µg/dL. There was significant decreasing of salivary cortisol after Kangaroo mother care with skin-to-skin contact in infants (0.162 [0.111; 0.231]) µg/dL, p˂0.001 and mothers (0.096 [0.077; 0.156]) µg/dL, p˂0.001. Conclusion: Preterm infants in the NICU and their mothers experience stress confirmed by the increased baseline cortisol levels. Kangaroo mother care with skin-to-skin contact reduces the stress and normalizes salivary cortisol levels in both infant and mother in the NICU.

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Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/4389239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽

Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽

Jakkrit Wongwan ◽

Kanyarat Thiwan ◽

Wandee Rungseevijitprapa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Mood States ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Litsea Cubeba ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

The Impact

Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to improve health. The aromatic essential oils have been used in the treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Litsea species are generally used in traditional medicine, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon is a potent fumigant plant, used in cosmetics and foods as essence. The chemical composition of the essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been found to be varied. L. cubeba essential oil (LEO) is known for the treatment of cognition-associated discomforts. The current study assessed the impact of inhalation of LEO on mood states and salivary cortisol levels of healthy people. Fifteen healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire and ELISA methods were employed to determine the mood states and salivary cortisol level, respectively. (-)-β-pinene, β-citral, cis- and trans-citral, citronellal, limonene, linalool, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were detected in LEO by GC-MS analysis. The heart rate and blood pressure were not affected significantly during LEO exposure. The inhalation of LEO significantly improved the total mood disturbance and reduced the confusion among the healthy human subjects. LEO inhalation reduced the salivary cortisol level at a notable level. The results of the current study warrant further studies on the beneficial effect of LEO aromatherapy in healthy and diseased subjects to uncover the therapeutic nature of the L. cubeba plant.

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Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker of Stress in Mothers and their Low Birth Weight Infants and Sample Collecting Challenges

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/jomb-2015-0015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 118-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milica Ranković Janevski ◽

Ana Đorđević Vujičić ◽

Svjetlana Maglajić Đukić

Keyword(s):

Cortisol Level ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Sample Volume ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Before And After ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

The Difference

Summary Background: Salivary cortisol measurement is a non-invasive method suitable for use in neonatal research. Mother-infant separation after birth represents stress and skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has numerous benefits. The aim of the study was to measure salivary cortisol in mothers and newborns before and after SSC in order to assess the effect of SSC on mothers’ and infants’ stress and to estimate the efficacy of collecting small saliva samples in newborns. Methods: Salivary cortisol was measured in 35 mother-infant pairs before and after the first and the fifth SSC in small saliva samples (50 μL) using the high sensitivity Quantitative ELISA-Kit (0.0828 nmol/L) for low cortisol levels detection. Samples were collected with eye sponge during 3 to 5 minutes. Results: Cortisol level in mothers decreased after SSC: the highest levels were measured before and the lowest after SSC and the differences in values were significant during both the first (p<0.001) and the fifth SSC (p<0.001). During the first SSC the cortisol level decrease was detected in 14 (40%) and an increase in 21 (60%) newborns, and during the fifth SSC a decrease was detected in 16 (45.7%) and an increase in 19 (54.3%) newborns, without confirmed significance of the difference. Saliva sampling efficacy using eye sponge was 75%. Conclusions: Cortisol level decrease in mothers proves the stress reduction during SSC, while variable cortisol levels in infants do not indicate stress reduction and imply the need for further research. The used sampling method appeared to be one of the most optimal considering the sample volume, sampling time and efficacy.

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Randomized Crossover Trial of Kangaroo Care to Reduce Biobehavioral Pain Responses in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800410385839 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 204-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Xiaomei Cong ◽

Susan M. Ludington-Hoe ◽

Stephen Walsh

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Kangaroo Care ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Infant Pain ◽

Skin To Skin ◽

Incubator Care ◽

Pain Responses

Kangaroo care (KC), skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant, is a promising method for blunting pain responses. This crossover pilot tested KC effects on biobehavioral responses to heel stick in preterm infants (30—32 weeks’ gestational age, 2—9 days old) measured by Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) and salivary and serum cortisol. Mother—infant dyads were randomly assigned to KC heel stick (KCH) first or incubator heel stick (IH) first. Study 1 (80-min study, N = 18) tested the effect of 80 min of KC before and throughout the heel stick procedure versus incubator care. Study 2 (30-min study, N = 10) tested 30 min of KC before and throughout the heel stick versus incubator care. KCH and IH began during a premeasurement phase and continued through four data collection phases: baseline, heel warming, heel stick, and recovery. PIPP responses were measured every 30 s during data collection; salivary cortisol was measured at the end of baseline and recovery; and serum cortisol was measured during heel stick. Study 1 showed no differences between KCH and IH. Study 2 showed lower PIPP scores at four time points during recovery (p < .05 to p < .001), lower salivary cortisol at the end of recovery (p < .05), and lower serum cortisol during heel stick for the KCH condition (p < .05) as well as clinically lower PIPP scores in the KCH condition during heel stick. Thirty minutes of KC before and throughout the heel stick reduced biobehavioral responses to pain in preterm infants.

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Association of Salivary Cortisol Level and Social Media Networking Usage

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27474 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4.14) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

P T Mohamed Javad ◽

S A Kadar Bashah ◽

P Paulraj ◽

M Chandramohan ◽

P Sajeesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Study Groups ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Study Group ◽

Average Value ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Networking Behavior

The present study investigates the usage of social media networking behavior among the MAHSA university students by using structured questionnaire. The salivary cortisol levels among the study groups were estimated. In addition, the association between salivary cortisol and the usage of social media networking was also assessed. Saliva samples were obtained twice a day from selected subjects to analyze the cortisol level. Results of the present study indicate that the 11% of the students spend less than one hour on social media, 40.2% uses two to four hours and 46.4% more than four hours daily; whereas, 2% of the study groups are others. The cortisol levels assessed among the male and female study groups showed high cortisol concentration in both morning and evening. The cortisol levels in the morning seen among the male study group ranges from 0.13-5.49 µg/dl and the female cortisol level ranges from 1.11-5.72 µg/dl. Besides in the evening, the cortisol levels seem to be higher among the study group. The evening cortisol level of male students ranges from 0.06-4.6 µg/dl. Whereas in the females, cortisol level ranges 0.263.9 µg/dl. The average value of the cortisol concentration in the morning is seen to be higher among the female study group than the male and in the evening the male cortisol concentration is seen to be higher than the females. Results clearly demonstrated that students spending more hours in social media had higher cortisol levels when compared to less hour users. From the present preliminary study, it is clear that there is an association between salivary cortisol level and the usage of social media networking behavior.

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