scholarly journals Establishing an Appropriate Z Score Regression Equation for Chinese Pediatric Coronary Artery Echocardiography: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-min Fan ◽  
Bei Xia ◽  
Wei-xiang Liu ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Zhi-xia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pediatric Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronary Artery Diameter

Abstract Background: Z score utility is emphasized in classifying coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease patients. The present study is the largest such multicenter Chinese pediatric study about coronary artery diameter reference values and Z score regression equation to date. It is useful in Chinese pediatric echocardiography.Methods: A multicenter cohort was assembled, which consisted of 852 healthy children between 1 month and 17 years of age, ten children were excluded because their ultrasound images were not clear, or lost in following up. Diameters of the right coronary artery, left coronary artery, and left anterior descending coronary artery were assessed using echocardiography. Data were body surface area (BSA)-corrected using BSA calculated via either the Stevenson BSA formula or the Haycock BSA formula. Coronary artery diameter reference values and Z score regression equations were established for use in the Chinese pediatric population. Results: No difference was observed between coronary artery diameter data corrected using BSAste or BSAhay. Of the five assessed regression models, the exponential model exhibited the best fit and was therefore selected as the basis for derivation of the SZ method. When comparing Z scores, those produced by the SZ method conformed to the standard normal distribution, while those produced by the D method did not. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between Z scores produced by the SZ and D methods (P < 0.05).Conclusions：Coronary artery diameter reference values for echocardiography were successfully established for use in the Chinese pediatric population, and a Z score regression equation more suitable for clinical use in this population was successfully developed.

scholarly journals Establishing an appropriate Z score regression equation for Chinese pediatric coronary artery echocardiography: a multicenter prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-min Fan ◽  
Bei Xia ◽  
Wei-xiang Liu ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Zhi-xia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pediatric Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronary Artery Diameter

Abstract Background Z score utility is emphasized in classifying coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease patients. The present study is the largest such multicenter Chinese pediatric study about coronary artery diameter reference values and Z score regression equation to date. It is useful in Chinese pediatric echocardiography. Methods A multicenter cohort was assembled, which consisted of 852 healthy children between 1 month and 17 years of age, ten children were excluded because their ultrasound images were not clear, or lost in following up. Diameters of the right coronary artery, left coronary artery, and left anterior descending coronary artery were assessed using echocardiography. Data were body surface area (BSA)-corrected using BSA calculated via either the Stevenson BSA formula or the Haycock BSA formula. Coronary artery diameter reference values and Z score regression equations were established for use in the Chinese pediatric population. Results No difference was observed between coronary artery diameter data corrected using BSAste or BSAhay. Of the five assessed regression models, the exponential model exhibited the best fit and was therefore selected as the basis for derivation of the SZ method. When comparing Z scores, those produced by the SZ method conformed to the standard normal distribution, while those produced by the D method did not. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between Z scores produced by the SZ and D methods (P < 0.05). Conclusions Coronary artery diameter reference values for echocardiography were successfully established for use in the Chinese pediatric population, and a Z score regression equation more suitable for clinical use in this population was successfully developed.

scholarly journals Stiffness of the Masseter Muscle in Children—Establishing the Reference Values in the Pediatric Population Using Shear-Wave Elastography

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9619
Author(s):  
Cyprian Olchowy ◽  
Anna Olchowy ◽  
Aleksander Pawluś ◽  
Mieszko Więckiewicz ◽  
Luca Maria Sconfienza
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Masseter Muscles

In children, the quality and muscle function are altered in many pathologic conditions, including temporomandibular disorders. Although several methods have been used to evaluate muscle tonus, none became a golden standard. Moreover, the masseter muscle characteristics in children have not been investigated to date. This study aimed to measure the stiffness of the masseter muscle using shear-wave elastography in healthy children. We enrolled 30 healthy children (mean age 10.87 ± 3.38 years). The stiffness of masseter muscles was measured with shear wave elastography. Stiffness for the total sample was 6.37 ± 0.77 kPa. A comparison of the measurements did not show significant differences between the right and the left masseter muscles (left—6.47 ± 0.78 kPa; right—6.24 ± 0.76 kPa; p = 0.3546). A significant difference was seen between boys and girls (boys—5.94 ± 0.50 kPa; girls—6.63 ± 0.80; p = 0.0006). Shear-wave elastography is a promising diagnostic tool. It may help to detect changes in the stiffness of the masseter muscle and draw attention to pathological processes within the jaw muscles. Directions for further research shall include determining stiffness values in pathological conditions and the impact of biological and functional factors on the stiffness of the masseter muscle.

Kinematic Analysis of Smiles in the Healthy Pediatric Population Using 3-Dimensional Motion Capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Rami R. Hallac ◽  
Nikhitha Thrikutam ◽  
Pang-Yun Chou ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
James R. Seaward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
4D Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Facial normalcy, as measured with 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional photographs, has been documented in the healthy pediatric population. However, static images convey far from a complete representation of an individual’s daily interactions with peers. Craniofacial surgery induces changes to soft or osseous tissues and thereby affects dynamic facial expression. To-date, there has not been rigorous, dynamic quantification of normal facial expression. In this study, we used 4-dimensional (4D) imaging to assess the facial expression of healthy children to provide a normative reference point for craniofacial surgeons. Methods: A total of 36 healthy pediatric volunteers underwent 4D video recordings while performing a maximal voluntary smile. A face template containing 884 landmarks was registered and tracked throughout the videos using Dimensional Imaging software. Participants were divided into 2 smile groups: open-lip smile and closed-lip smile. Kinematic analysis of smiles was calculated for every landmark from its position in the resting frame to its terminal displacement. Results: Composite smiles and Euclidean distance maps were generated displaying areas of greatest displacement near the oral commissures. There was significant difference between closed-lip and open-lip groups in regions of eyes and cheeks. In addition, the open-lip smile group demonstrated significantly greater displacement in the oral commissure on the left side compared to the right ( P < .05); whereas, in the closed-lip group, the eyes and cheeks moved significantly more on the right side. Conclusion: This study presents an innovative method that can be used to evaluate facial expressions to help craniofacial surgeons restore functional movement in patients with facial anomalies.

Influence of ethnicity on biochemical markers of health and disease in the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houman Tahmasebi ◽  
Shervin Asgari ◽  
Alexandra Hall ◽  
Victoria Higgins ◽  
Ashfia Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pediatric Study

AbstractBackgroundAccurate pediatric reference intervals (RIs) for laboratory tests determined in a healthy pediatric population are essential for correct laboratory test interpretation and clinical decision-making. In pediatrics, RIs require partitioning by age and/or sex; however, the need for partitioning based on ethnicity is unclear. Here, we assessed the influence of ethnicity on biomarker concentrations in the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) cohort of healthy children and adolescents and compared the results with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsA total of 52 biomarkers were measured in a multiethnic population of 846–1179 healthy children (aged 5 to <19 years) upon informed consent. Biomarker concentrations were retrospectively compared between four major ethnic groups (i.e. Black, Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian, determined by parental ethnicity). Retrospective results were verified prospectively using an additional 500 healthy pediatric samples with equal sample size across ethnicities. Ethnic-specific differences were assessed based on statistical significance and biological and analytical variations. Appropriate age-, sex-, and ethnic-specific RIs were calculated.ResultsEthnic-specific differences were not observed for 34 biomarkers examined in the retrospective analysis, while 18 demonstrated statistically significant ethnic differences. Among these, seven analytes demonstrated ethnic-specific differences in the prospective analysis: vitamin D, amylase, ferritin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Analysis of select NHANES data confirmed CALIPER findings.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive Canadian pediatric study examining ethnic-specific differences in common biomarkers. While the majority of biomarkers did not require ethnic partitioning, ethnic-specific RIs were established for seven biomarkers showing marked differences. Further studies in other populations are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Investigation of Sleep and Daytime Wakefulness in Children and Youth With Concussion

ASN NEURO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175909141882240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Wiseman-Hakes ◽  
Nadia Gosselin ◽  
Bhanu Sharma ◽  
Laura Langer ◽  
Isabelle Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Total Score ◽  
Daytime Nap

A high proportion of adults who sustain a concussion identify changes in their sleep during the acute stage, typically reporting an increased need for sleep or nonrestful sleep. Our understanding of sleep following concussion is less well understood within a pediatric population. In this study, we investigated the trajectory of sleep and daytime sleepiness in a prospective cohort of 40 children and youth (6–18 years old) with concussion, 40 age-and sex-matched healthy children and youth, and 40 with upper-extremity orthopedic injury. Evaluations occurred during the acute stage (<2 weeks) and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month postinjury using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Postconcussion Symptom Scale. There were no significant differences within- or between-group differences in sleep across all four time points with analysis of the groups as a whole. When groups were divided by age (6–11 and 12– < 18 years), there was a significant difference in the ability to initiate sleep for the younger concussed group during the acute stage, compared with healthy controls, as well as significantly greater daytime nap duration that decreased over time. Significant correlations were also found between the frequency and duration of daytime naps and Postconcussion Symptom Scale total score and subscores (cognitive, physical/migraine, mood, and sleep) in the concussed group during the acute stage. Our results suggest that in a group with noncomplicated concussion, children and youth have transient alterations in daytime sleepiness that are related to concussion symptoms. Younger children may be more vulnerable to disturbances in sleep and daytime wakefulness.

Effect of body hypothermia on transventricular simple-capacitor-discharge defibrillation thresholds

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. H675-H681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Arredondo ◽  
M. R. Armayor ◽  
O. E. Clavin ◽  
M. E. Valentinuzzi ◽  
E. E. Scida
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Capacitor Discharge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electrical Defibrillation ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

In 260 successful transventricular simple capacitor-discharge defibrillations performed on 20 mongrel dogs under conditions of body hypothermia, an overall average peak current threshold of 69.5 mA/g of heart (SD 30.4) was found. This value, when compared by means of the unpaired t test with previous data obtained under conditions of relative normothermia (89.5 mA/g of heart, SD 32.8, 346 defibrillations, 20 dogs) yielded a highly significant difference (P less than 0.1%). When comparing the deviation of the regression equation (current vs. temperature) from the horizontal line, the Snedecor F test gave also a high level of significance (P less than 1%). These results led to the conclusion that body hypothermia significantly reduces transventricular defibrillation thresholds. After normalizing the regression equations, this reduction was found to be on the average equal to 4.1%/degrees C (SD 1.4) for current and to 5.9%/degrees C (SD 1.4) for energy over the 20 dogs. In all animals, the coefficient of variation was greater for energy than for current (about twice as much), suggesting that current is a better descriptor of what is needed for electrical defibrillation. The transventricular impedance was rather constant, yielding an overall average of 28.5 omega (SD 6.0).

scholarly journals Percutaneous coronary intervention in four month old infant for acute myocardial ischemia after repaired ALCAPA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirsad Kacila ◽  
Mirza Halimic ◽  
Merjema Karavdic ◽  
Almira Kadic ◽  
Sasa Lukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Coronary Artery Diameter ◽  
Life Threatening

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is rare, but life-threatening condition. The treatment of choice in patients with ALCAPA is the establishment of a dual coronary artery system with surgical reimplantation of the left coronary artery in the left coronary sinus. Percutaneous coronary intervention is infrequent in the pediatric population but can be a life-saving by promptly restoring flow to an obstructed coronary artery. It is a highly demanding and high-risk procedure in infants due to the technical difficulties and the small coronary artery diameter in infants.

scholarly journals Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Xiangxiang Zhang ◽  
Boyang Yang ◽  
Lan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Predicted Values

Objective: To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in normal boys aged 0 to 18 years old.Method: The length (L), width (W), and height (H) of 3,328 testicles from 1,664 Chinese boys were measured by ultrasonography. Lambert's formula: L × W × H × 0.71 was used to calculate testicular volume. Z-score regression equation derived from age was established by regression analysis of predicted values of testicular volume and standard deviations.Result: There was no significant difference between left and right testicular volumes. Testicular volume was positively correlated with age, and logarithmic transformation of testicular volume can show a fine curve fit with age. To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age, the predicted values of testicular volume used cubic regression equations, and the standard deviation used square regression equations. The Z-score regression equation derived from age was calculated by the formula: z = [lg (L × W × H × 0.71) – (−0.3524-0.01759 × x+0.009417 × x2-0.0001840 × x3)]/(0.1059+0.01434 × x-0.0005324 × x2).Conclusion: The current study provided a reference value for testicular volume of boys aged 0 to 18 years old. Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume can be established. Z-score will be of great value for the testicular development assessment and disease diagnosis and follow-up.

scholarly journals Normal Predicted Reference Values for Spirometry in Korean Children and Adolescents

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jeong Hee Kim ◽  
Dae Hyun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Pulmonary function tests are useful to evaluate airway obstructions and bronchial responsiveness. We aimed to determine the reference values applicable to Korean children and adolescents. In total, 5590 (2607 males, 2983 females) healthy children aged 4 to 17 years old were recruited from three regions in Korea. Simple and multiple regression analyses were applied using age, height, and weight as variables to predict the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). There were significant correlations between the variables and parameters (P < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R2) values of polynomial equations with two variables were lower than those with two variables but higher than those of monomial equations based on height. The prediction equations by height were obtained, and the R2 value of the FEV1 was the highest. The predicted spirometric values for males were higher than those for females except for the MMEF. The R2 values for the FEV1 and FVC were higher than previous studies except for the R2 value of the FVC for males in European data. This study provided updated regression equations of normal predicted values for spirometry applicable to Korean children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between 45T/G Polymorphism of Adiponectin Gene and Coronary Artery Disease in an Iranian Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Sabouri ◽  
Majid Ghayour Mobarhan ◽  
Mohsen Moohebati ◽  
Mitra Hassani ◽  
Jamal Kassaeian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Adiponectin Gene ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronary Artery Diameter ◽  
Artery Disease

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the adiponectin gene, 45T/G, has been reported in relation to a number of metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. However, previous studies on the association between this SNP and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been few, with no report from Iranian subjects. The present study set out to investigate the association between this SNP and CAD in an Iranian population. Among 464 patients (age: 18–75 years), recruited from individuals who underwent coronary angiography, 135 patients had less than 50% reduction of coronary artery diameter and were classified as the CAD- group and 329 patients had more than 50% reduction of coronary artery diameter and were classified as the CAD+ group. The last group was divided into single-vessel disease (n = 86), two-vessel disease (n = 111), and three-vessel disease (n = 132). Healthy subjects (n = 106) who did not have any history of heart diseases were also recruited as the control group. All subjects were genotyped for the 45T/G polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. A significantly higher frequency of the TG genotype and G allele, which was paralleled by a lower frequency of the TT genotype and T allele, was observed in both CAD+ and CAD- patients when compared with the control group (p≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between CAD+ and CAD- patients, and also between different subgroups of patients based on the number of stenosed vessels (p> 0.05). Our findings indicate that the presence of the G allele at the position +45 of the adiponectin gene may be associated with the risk of CAD in our study population. While we found no significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between patients with angiography+ and angiography, this may be because the 50% stenosis cut-off does not discriminate sufficiently between individuals with and without significant coronary disease.

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