scholarly journals Effects of Moderate Aerobic Training on Cognitive Performance and Dyslipidemia in Sedentary Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Alghadir ◽  
Sami Gabr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Lipoprotein A

Abstract Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise on the levels of lipids and lipoprotein; Lipo(a) markers and its association with cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Methods: A total of 150 healthy subjects (100 males, 50 females; age range; 65-95Yrs) were recruited for this study. Based up on LOTCA test score, subjects were classified randomly into two groups control group (n= 50) and cognitive impairment group (n=100).Cognitive functioning, Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), lipid profile; total cholesterol, TG, HDL-c, LDL-C, and Lipo(a) were assessed at baseline and post- 24 week aerobic exercise interventions using LOTCA battery, pre validated PA questionnaire, colorimetric and immunoassay techniques respectively. Results. Significant improvements in the cognitive function and modulation in lipid profile and lipoprotein (a) markers were reported in all older subjects following 24 week of moderate exercise. LOTCA-7-sets scores showed a significant correlation with physical activity status and the regulation of lipids and lipo(a) markers. Physically active persons showed a higher cognitive performance along with reduction in the levels of T-Cholest., TG, LDL-C, Lipo(a) , and increase in the levels of HDL-C and aerobic fitness VO2max compared with sedentary participants. Cognitive performance correlated positively with the increase in aerobic fitness, HDL-C, and negatively with T-Cholest.,TG, LDL-C, Lipo(a) respectively. However, a significant increase, in the improvement of motor praxis, vasomotor organization, thinking operations, attention and concentration was reported among older adults. Conclusions: The data concluded that supervised moderate aerobic training for 24 weeks plays a positive significant effect in improving cognitive functions via modulating lipid profile and lipoprotein (a) of older adults.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, EXERCISE, AND AMYLOID BURDEN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S610-S610
Author(s):  
Amber Watts ◽  
Eric Vidoni ◽  
Jill Morris ◽  
Mark Perry ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Abstract Exercise is a promising strategy for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid neuroimaging can identify individuals at risk of developing AD prior to displaying symptoms. We screened adults (65+) with Florbetapir PET imaging and a comprehensive cognitive battery. We randomized 117 participants with normal cognition into a 52-week aerobic exercise program to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance. We compared an intensive exercise treatment group to a standard of care control group. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks in the domains of verbal memory, visuospatial processing, attention, and executive function. Interim results on 87 participants show cardiorespiratory fitness improved in the exercise group vs. control group (t=3.66(81), p< .001). The degree of change in cardiorespiratory fitness did not differ between those with and without elevated amyloid (t=-0.37(81), p=.710). Greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness predicted better performance on cognitive tests including trailmaking test, Stroop test, and digit symbol substitution test, which did not differ by amyloid status. Elevated amyloid levels predicted lower cognitive scores in logical memory, space relations, and identical pictures test. Our findings suggest PET imaging is a valid marker of cognitive performance in non-impaired older adults, and that this pre-clinical amyloid status did not reduce the cognitive benefits of exercise for those who improved in cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise interventions hold promise for cognitive maintenance among pre-symptomatic older adults with elevated amyloid levels. Finally, results highlight the importance of evaluating multiple cognitive domains which are associated differently with exercise and amyloid status.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Abilities and Redox State Biomarkers in Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Alghadir ◽  
Sami A. Gabr ◽  
Einas S. Al-Eisa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Hs Crp

We used a moderate aerobic exercise program for 24 weeks to measure the positive impact of physical activity on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and its association with cognitive performance in healthy older adults. A total of 100 healthy subjects (65–95 Yrs) were randomly classified into two groups: control group (n=50) and exercise group (n=50). Cognitive functioning, physical activity score, MDA, 8-OHdG, TAC, and hs-CRP were assessed using LOTCA battery, prevalidated PA questionnaire, and immunoassay techniques. LOTCA 7-set scores of cognitive performance showed a significant correlation with physical activity status and the regulation of both oxidative stress free radicals and inflammatory markers in all older subjects following 24 weeks of moderate exercise. Physically active persons showed a higher cognitive performance along with reduction in the levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and hs-CRP and increase in TAC activity compared with sedentary participants. Cognitive performance correlated positively with the increase in TAC activity and physical fitness scores and negatively with MDA, 8-OHdG, and hs-CRP, respectively. There was a significant improvement in motor praxis, vasomotor organization, thinking operations, and attention and concentration among older adults. In conclusion, moderate aerobic training for 24 weeks has a positive significant effect in improving cognitive functions via modulating redox and inflammatory status of older adults.

Neurocognitive Plasticity Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Physical Exercise in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Galit Yogev-Seligmann ◽  
Tamir Eisenstein ◽  
Elissa Ash ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Haggai Sharon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Encoding

Background: Aerobic training has been shown to promote structural and functional neurocognitive plasticity in cognitively intact older adults. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of aerobic exercise in individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise intervention and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement on brain and cognitive functions in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: 27 participants with aMCI were randomized to either aerobic training (n = 13) or balance and toning (BAT) control group (n = 14) for a 16-week intervention. Pre- and post-assessments included functional MRI experiments of brain activation during associative memory encoding and neural synchronization during complex information processing, cognitive evaluation using neuropsychological tests, and cardiorespiratory fitness assessment. Results: The aerobic group demonstrated increased frontal activity during memory encoding and increased neural synchronization in higher-order cognitive regions such as the frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) following the intervention. In contrast, the BAT control group demonstrated decreased brain activity during memory encoding, primarily in occipital, temporal, and parietal areas. Increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with increases in brain activation in both the left inferior frontal and precentral gyri. Furthermore, changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were also correlated with changes in performance on several neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training may result in functional plasticity of high-order cognitive areas, especially, frontal regions, among older adults at risk of AD and dementia. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness may be an important mediating factor of the observed changes in neurocognitive functions.

scholarly journals CAN GOLF INFLUENCE GAIT AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S168-S169
Author(s):  
Nicole Marcione ◽  
Andrea Du Bois ◽  
Steven Castle ◽  
George Salem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Abstract Gait speed and cognition are important predictors of successful aging. Both slow gait speeds and cognitive decline are associated with poor health outcomes, including hospitalization, falls, institutionalization and death. Exercise interventions can improve both gait and cognitive performance in older adults. Golf is a multimodal, cognitively-challenging physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a 12-week golf intervention on walking performance and cognition in older adults. Gait speed and cognition were measured in intervention (INT) and control (CON) groups (n=20) before and after a 12-week period. The INT participated in a 12-week golf training program (2 x weekly; 90 min per session). All participants completed six-minute walk test (6MWT), fast single-task gait speed (STGS), fast dual-task gait speed (DTGS) with a subtraction by 3s task, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and National Institute Health Toolbox-Cognition (NIH-C). 2x2 (Time*Group) Mixed ANOVA revealed significant time*group interactions for 6MWT (p=0.05), STGS (p=0.02), DTGS (p=0.01), CVLT (p=0.01), and NIH-C Fluid Cognition (p=0.06) had a trend towards significance. Post-hoc t-tests demonstrated that INT significantly improved their pre-to-post 6MWT, STGS, DTGS, CVLT, and NIH-C Fluid. CON had no significant pre-to-post intervention changes. Participants in the 12-week golf training program improved gait and cognitive performance, compared to CON. These results provide evidence that golf, as a cognitively-challenging physical activity, may improve physical and cognitive function, leading to attenuated risk for poor health outcomes, maintaining independence and improved quality of life.

scholarly journals 6-month aerobic walking training increases T1w/T2w signal in the white matter of healthy older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mendez Colmenares ◽  
Michelle W Voss ◽  
Jason Fanning ◽  
Elizabeth A Salerno ◽  
Neha P Gothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Interventions

AbstractWhite matter (WM) deterioration is an important mechanism of cognitive decline in healthy aging and dementia. Engaging in aerobic exercise to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered one of the most promising ways to improve cognitive and brain health in aging. Yet, no randomized controlled trials have reported benefits of aerobic exercise interventions on WM microstructure measured with diffusion tensor imaging. Here, we studied the effects of a 6-month exercise intervention (clinical trial NCT01472744) on WM of 180 cognitively healthy older adults (60–79 years) using the ratio of calibrated T1-weighted image to T2-weighted images (T1w/T2w). Participants were randomized to one of four groups including a low intensity activity with complex cognitive demands (Dance), Walking, Walking + nutritional supplement or an active control. Results showed that a 6-month aerobic walking and dance intervention produced positive changes in the T1w/T2w with significant time-by-group interactions in the total WM, the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, forceps minor, cingulum, relative to an active control condition. In contrast, we observed a decline in T1w/T2w in the majority of WM regions in the active control group. Lastly, a positive change in the T1w/T2w in the genu of the corpus callosum correlated with a positive change in episodic memory in the Walking but not in the control group; however, there were no associations between change in the T1w/T2w and change in CRF. Together, our findings suggest that the T1w/T2w may be a sensitive metric to detect short-term within-person changes in the WM and intervention-induced WM plasticity in the adult human brain.

scholarly journals The Effect of Three Months of Aerobic Training on Stroop Performance in Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Predovan ◽  
Sarah A. Fraser ◽  
Mélanie Renaud ◽  
Louis Bherer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Switching Condition ◽  
The Impact

Growing evidence supports the use of physical training interventions to improve both physical and cognitive performances in healthy older adults. Few studies have examined the impact of aerobic exercise on Stroop task performance, a measure of executive functions. In the current 3-month aerobic training study, 50 older adults (mean age = 67.96 ± 6.25 years) were randomly assigned to either a three-month physical training group or to a control group (waiting list). Training sessions were 3 times per week for 60 minutes. All participants completed pre- and post-test measures of cognitive performance using the modified Stroop task and physical performance (Rockport one-mile test). Compared to controls, the training group showed significant improvements in physical capacity (P<0.001) and enhanced Stroop performance, but only in the inhibition/switching condition (P<0.03). Furthermore, the increase in aerobic capacity induced by the training regimen correlated negatively with reaction time in the inhibition/switching condition of the Stroop task at posttest (r=−0.538;P=0.007). Importantly, the reported gains in cognitive performance were observed after only three months of physical training. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term physical interventions can enhance older adults’ executive functions.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Deborah Talamonti ◽  
Thomas Vincent ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Anil Nigam ◽  
Frédéric Lesage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cortical Response

Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Level Following Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Care: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6682
Author(s):  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Steiro Fimland ◽  
Lene Aasdahl ◽  
Hilde Lohne-Seiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Older adults’ physical activity (PA) is low. We examined whether eight months of resistance training increased PA level in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. A two-armed cluster-randomized trial using parallel groups was conducted. The included participants were >70 years and received home care. The resistance training group performed resistance training using body weight, elastic bands, and water canes twice per week for eight months. The control group was informed about the national PA guidelines and received motivational talks. The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to estimate PA. Outcomes included total PA (counts per minute), sedentary behavior (min/day), light PA (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous PA (min/day), and steps (mean/day). Between-group differences were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. Twelve clusters were randomized to either resistance training (7 clusters, 60 participants) or the control group (5 clusters, 44 participants). A total of 101 participants (median age 86.0 (interquartile range 80–90) years) had valid accelerometer data and were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for any of the PA outcomes after four or eight months. This study offers no evidence of increased PA level following resistance training in older adults with home care.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal blood flow for hypertensive Apolipoprotein E4 carriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2199034
Author(s):  
Carolyn S Kaufman ◽  
Robyn A Honea ◽  
Joseph Pleen ◽  
Rebecca J Lepping ◽  
Amber Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4

Cerebrovascular dysfunction likely contributes causally to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, Apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4), may act synergistically with vascular risk to cause dementia. Therefore, interventions that improve vascular health, such as exercise, may be particularly beneficial for APOE4 carriers. We assigned cognitively normal adults (65–87 years) to an aerobic exercise intervention or education only. Arterial spin labeling MRI measured hippocampal blood flow (HBF) before and after the 52-week intervention. We selected participants with hypertension at enrollment (n = 44). For APOE4 carriers, change in HBF (ΔHBF) was significantly ( p = 0.006) higher for participants in the exercise intervention (4.09 mL/100g/min) than the control group (−2.08 mL/100g/min). There was no difference in ΔHBF between the control (−0.32 mL/100g/min) and exercise (−0.54 mL/100g/min) groups for non-carriers (p = 0.918). Additionally, a multiple regression showed an interaction between change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) and APOE4 carrier status on ΔHBF ( p = 0.035), with reductions in SBP increasing HBF for APOE4 carriers only. Aerobic exercise improved HBF for hypertensive APOE4 carriers only. Additionally, only APOE4 carriers exhibited an inverse relationship between ΔSBP and ΔHBF. This suggests exercise interventions, particularly those that lower SBP, may be beneficial for individuals at highest genetic risk of AD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02000583

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