scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol to Eisenia Fetida in Different Soils

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Hou ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Ruolin Wu ◽  
Zhongkun Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract The present study utilized a biomarker response method to evaluate the effect of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in artificial and natural soils on Eisenia fetida after 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days exposure. Results indicated that TCP induced excessive reactive oxygen species, caused oxidative stress and DNA damage to Eisenia fetida. Biomarker responses were standardized to calculate the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index. The IBR index of three enzymes activities showed that TCP induced the enzymes activities of earthworm in red clay was stronger than the other three soils. Specifically, chlorpyrifos exposure group showed a lower toxicity than TCP exposure group after 28 days exposure but a higher toxicity than TCP exposure group after 56 days exposure. Despite the deficiencies of this study, the above information is of great significance for assessing the risk of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP pollution in soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol to Eisenia fetida in Different Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Hou ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Ruolin Wu ◽  
Albert Juhasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Exposure Biomarker ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract The present study utilized a biomarker response method to evaluate the effect of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in artificial and natural soils on Eisenia fetida after 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days exposure. Biomarker responses were standardized to calculate the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index. The influence of soil type on TCP toxicity was assessed. Results indicated that TCP induced excessive reactive oxygen species, caused oxidative stress, DNA damage to earthworm, which is similar to its parent chemical chlorpyrifos. The IBR index of three enzymes activities showed that TCP induced the enzymes activities of earthworm in red clay was stronger than the other three soils. Specifically, chlorpyrifos exposure group showed a lower toxicity than TCP exposure group after 28 days exposure but a higher toxicity than TCP exposure group after 56 days exposure. Despite the deficiencies of this study, the above information is of great significance for assessing the risk of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP pollution in soil ecosystems.

Trypanosoma cruzi: death phenotypes induced by ortho-naphthoquinone substrates of the aldo-keto reductase (TcAKR). Role of this enzyme in the mechanism of action of β-lapachone

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1251-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Andrea Garavaglia ◽  
María Fernanda Rubio ◽  
Marc Laverrière ◽  
Laura Mónica Tasso ◽  
Laura Edith Fichera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation

AbstractSeveral ortho-naphthoquinones (o-NQs) have trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. Previously, we demonstrated that the aldo-keto reductase from this parasite (TcAKR) reduces o-NQs, such as β-lapachone (β-Lap) and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ), with concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Recent characterization of TcAKR activity and expression in two T. cruzi strains, CL Brener and Nicaragua, showed that TcAKR expression is 2.2-fold higher in CL Brener than in Nicaragua. Here, we studied the trypanocidal effect and induction of several death phenotypes by β-Lap and 9,10-PQ in epimastigotes of these two strains. The CL Brener strain was more resistant to both o-NQs than Nicaragua, indicating that greater TcAKR activity is unlikely to be a major influence on o-NQ toxicity. Evaluation of changes in ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine exposure and monodansylcadaverine labelling evidenced that β-Lap and 9,10-PQ induce different death phenotypes depending on the combination of drug and T. cruzi strain analysed. To study whether TcAKR participates in o-NQ activation in intact parasites, β-Lap and 9,10-PQ trypanocidal effect was next evaluated in TcAKR-overexpressing parasites. Only β-Lap was more effective and induced greater ROS production in TcAKR-overexpressing epimastigotes than in controls, suggesting that TcAKR may participate in β-Lap activation.

Mercury toxicity to Eisenia fetida in three different soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Rayhan Mahbub ◽  
Kannan Krishnan ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
Mallavarapu Megharaj
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Mercury Toxicity ◽  
Different Soils

scholarly journals Antioxidant defense system responses, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid: an integrated biomarker approach to evaluating toxicity

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 26481-26492
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Chaona Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Shao ◽  
Weina Xue ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Integrated Biomarker Response ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane Stability

The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was calculated to evaluate the integrated toxicological effects of PFOA on earthworm Eisenia fetida.

scholarly journals Histopathological effects and biomarker response of earthworms, Eisenia fetida, after exposure to crude oil contaminated soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. e2020021
Author(s):  
Oluchi Onyinyechi Ijomah ◽  
Adeola Alex Adesuyi ◽  
Kelechi Longinus Njoku ◽  
Sikiru Abiola Ojokuku ◽  
Ugochukwu Donatus Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Histopathological Effects

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to oxytetracycline in soil

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
pp. 41628-41638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huabing Zhao ◽  
Sanyuan Shi ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Jin Guo ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Sewage Irrigation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

Increasing attention has been paid to the toxicity and hazards of antibiotics on non-target organisms in soil ecosystems as excess antibiotics in the excretion of treated animals are being brought into the soil through manure and sewage irrigation.

scholarly journals Priming of Solanum melongena L. Seeds Enhances Germination, Alters Antioxidant Enzymes, Modulates ROS, and Improves Early Seedling Growth: Indicating Aqueous Garlic Extract as Seed-Priming Bio-Stimulant for Eggplant Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Husain Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

The current study was aimed to evaluate the seed priming potential of AGE (aqueous garlic extracts) to enhance seed germination and early seedling growth of eggplant. Different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 µg mL−1) of AGE were evaluated along with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA), plant growth regulators with reported seed priming potential whereas, water was taken as a control treatment. Eggplant seeds were primed for 4-, 8-, and 12-h and seed germination traits such germination rate index, germination percentage, mean germination time, and early seedling growth traits such as fresh and dry weights, root, and shoot lengths were observed. Moreover, plant antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation levels, soluble protein contents and reactive oxygen species were monitored to establish the stimulatory/inhibitory effects of the treatments. Our results indicate priming potential of AGE, SA, and MeJA to enhance seed germination and early seedling growth in eggplant and the effects were obvious in various morphological and physiological traits. Seed priming significantly altered the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) with alteration in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, priming duration also affected the bioactivity of these chemicals because seed priming with 300 µg mL−1 AGE for 4 h had a positive influence, however, prolonged exposure to the same concentration inhibited the seed germination process and induced oxidative stress on the seedlings with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We propose AGE seed priming as a bio-stimulant to enhance seed germination and early seedling growth in eggplant, and the results hence lay the foundation for the preparation of garlic-based compounds to improve vegetables production under plastic tunnels and greenhouse production units.

Antioxidant Defense Enzymes Response Following Polychlorinated Biphenyls Exposure to Eisenia fetida in Actual Polluted Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sheng Shen ◽  
Xiao Qing Tao ◽  
Chen Chao Shen ◽  
Jia Li Shentu ◽  
Mei Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Biomarkers For Oxidative Stress

The responses of antioxidant systems after exposing Eisenia fetida to actual soil contaminated with PCBs were investigated. Among antioxidant enzymes, the primary response to early PCBs exposure can be attributed to catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). These two enzymes could have a combined effect on fighting damage by reactive oxygen species. An obvious increase in the activity of CAT was recorded at 4 mg kg-1 compared to the control throughout the whole test days. PCBs exposure caused changes in POD activity in 2d and 4d. However, the activity of POD in E. fetida tissues changed little with PCBs concentrations in day 8 and 16d. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) changed little with PCBs in different time. The results suggest that the variations in CAT and POD of E. fetida could be used as early responsive biomarkers for oxidative stress caused by PCBs in a soil environment.

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