scholarly journals Classicalization of Quantum Fluctuations at the Planck Scale in the Rh=ct Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
FULVIO MELIA
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Harmonic Oscillators ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Primordial Power Spectrum ◽  
Classical Transition ◽  
Planck Time

Abstract The quantum to classical transition of fluctuations in the early universe is still not completely understood. Some headway has been made incorporating the effects of decoherence and the squeezing of states, though the methods and procedures continue to be challenged. But new developments in the analysis of the most recent Planck data suggest that the primordial power spectrum has a cutoff associated with the very first quantum fluctuation to have emerged into the semi-classical universe from the Planck domain at about the Planck time. In this paper, we examine the implications of this result on the question of classicalization, and demonstrate that the birth of quantum fluctuations at the Planck scale would have been a `process' supplanting the need for a `measurement' in quantum mechanics. Emerging with a single wavenumber, these fluctuations would have avoided the interference between different degrees of freedom in a superposed state. Moreover, the implied scalar field potential had an equation-of-state consistent with the zero active mass condition in general relativity, allowing the quantum fluctuations to emerge in their ground state with a time-independent frequency. They were therefore effectively quantum harmonic oscillators with classical correlations in phase space from the very beginning.

scholarly journals Nature does not play Dice at the Planck scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043012
Author(s):  
Tejinder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Lagrangian Dynamics ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Planck Time ◽  
Matter Fields

We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also spacetime points are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a deterministic Lagrangian dynamics at the Planck scale. By coarse-graining this matrix dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, one derives quantum theory as a low energy emergent approximation. If a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom get entangled, spontaneous localisation takes place, leading to the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and a classical universe. In our theory, dark energy is shown to be a large-scale quantum gravitational phenomenon. Quantum indeterminism is not fundamental, but results from our not probing physics at the Planck scale.

scholarly journals SMOOTHED QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS AND CMB OBSERVATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250080
Author(s):  
JAKUB MIELCZAREK ◽  
MICHAŁ KAMIONKA
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Gaussian Smoothing ◽  
Cosmic Inflation ◽  
Smoothing Factor ◽  
High Multipoles

In this paper, we investigate power spectrum of a smoothed scalar field. The smoothing leads to regularization of the UV divergences and can be related with the internal structure of the considered field or the space itself. We perform Gaussian smoothing to the quantum fluctuations generated during the phase of cosmic inflation. We study whether this effect can be probed observationally and conclude that the modifications of the power spectrum due to the smoothing on the Planck scale are negligible and far beyond the observational abilities. Subsequently, we investigate whether smoothing in any other form can be probed observationally. We introduce phenomenological smoothing factor e-k2σ2 to the inflationary spectrum and investigate its effects on the spectrum of CMB anisotropies and polarization. We show that smoothing can lead to suppression of high multipoles in the spectrum of the CMB. Based on seven years observations of WMAP satellite we indicate that the present scale of high multipoles suppression is constrained by σ < 3.19 Mpc (95% CL). This corresponds to the constraint σ < 100 μm at the end of inflation. Despite this value is far above the Planck scale, other processes of smoothing can be possibly studied with this constraint, as decoherence or diffusion of primordial perturbations.

DARK GEOMETRY

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2275-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. R. CEMBRANOS ◽  
A. DOBADO ◽  
A. L. MAROTO
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Missing Mass ◽  
Brane Worlds ◽  
Mass Problem ◽  
Extra Space ◽  
The Universe

Extra-dimensional theories contain additional degrees of freedom related to the geometry of the extra space which can be interpreted as new particles. Such theories allow to reformulate most of the fundamental problems of physics from a completely different point of view. In this essay, we concentrate on the brane fluctuations which are present in brane-worlds, and how such oscillations of the own space–time geometry along curved extra dimensions can help to resolve the Universe missing mass problem. The energy scales involved in these models are low compared to the Planck scale, and this means that some of the brane fluctuations distinctive signals could be detected in future colliders and in direct or indirect dark matter searches.

Kullback-Leibler Divergence, Cost Density-Shaping, Stochastic Optimal Control With Applications to Vibration Suppression

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Zyskowski ◽  
Michael Sain ◽  
Ronald Diersing
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Vibration Suppression ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Mean And Variance

The “k cost cumulant” (kCC) control performs competitively with other structural controllers in protecting buildings from natural disasters. These applications constitute vibration suppression problems involving lightly-damped structures with multiple degrees of freedom. While kCC control has delivered excellent performance in such applications, it gives the designer little direct influence over the shape of the cost’s density. The goal of this work is to present the Minimum Kullback-Leibler Divergence Cost Density-Shaping (MKLD-CDS) control paradigm, which enables the designer to shape the cost’s density according to a pre-specified target mean and variance. This new theory is applied to the first-generation Active Mass Driver (AMD) benchmark problem, where the application of MKLD-CDS with the Statistical Target Selection (STS) design method enables a family of stablizing MKLD-CDS controllers to be computed based on parametric targets. MKLD-CDS controllers are found that exceed the performance of a nominal 2CC controller while not compromising this controller’s robust stability.

SQUEEZED QUANTUM STATE IN INFLATION WITH TRANS-PLANCKIAN CUTOFF

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (13n16) ◽  
pp. 1223-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEOKTAE KOH
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Planck Scale Physics

The fields, created from quantum fluctuations during inflation era, are known to be in squeezed quantum states. And recent studies show that the Planck scale physics can have observable cosmological effects. We investigate here how the squeezed quantum states are influenced by the trans-Planckian cutoff which modifies the dispersion relation on subhorizon scales, and calculate the particle production at the end of the inflation.

scholarly journals Period Doubling Phenomenon as the Origin of Electron Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Electric Charge ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coulomb Energy ◽  
Rest Energy

It is proposed that the electrons have an intrinsic periodic property, which determines particle&rsquo;s rest energy, electric charge, and magnetic moment. Numerical analysis shows that the correct periods are generated by a precise period doubling cascade starting at the Planck scale. Periods corresponding to the values of the intrinsic physical properties of the electron and positron belong to a subset of stable periods. The periodic structures of the rest energy and magnetic moment consist of three internal degrees of freedom, whereas the Coulomb energy of the electric charge consists of four. The number of period doublings for the elementary charge determines the value of the fine structure constant alpha.

scholarly journals Spacetime Foam, Midisuperspace, and the Cosmological Constant

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Steven Carlip
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Spacetime Foam

Perhaps the cosmological constant really is huge at the Planck scale, but is “hidden” by Planck scale quantum fluctuations of spacetime. I briefly review this proposal and provide some evidence, coming from a simplified midisuperspace model, that an appropriate “foamy” structure can do the job of hiding a large cosmological constant, and can persist under time evolution.

scholarly journals An experiment to test the discreteness of time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Martin-Dussaud ◽  
Andrea Di Biagio ◽  
Marios Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Planck Scale ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Planck Time

Abstract Time at the Planck scale (∼10−44s) is an unexplored physical regime. It is widely believed that probing Planck time will remain for long an impossible task. Yet, we propose an experiment to test the discreteness of time at the Planck scale and show that it is not far removed from current technological capabilities.

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