Prevention and Control of COVID-19 by Primary Health Care Facilities in China: A Field- Survey-Based Qualitative Study in Three Typical Cities

Abstract Background In fulfilling the COVID-19 containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities in China played an important role. We sought to investigate the exact tasks performed at the PHC facilities and the processes of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews for primary care physicians (PCPs) and a simple survey for residents were conducted in the field survey. Based-on purposive stratified sampling, 32 PCPs were selected from 22 PHC facilities in Wuhan as a high-risk city, in Shanghai as medium-risk city and in Zunyi as low-risk city. In the field survey, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs to summarize the tasks of COVID-19 prevention and control at the PHC facilities. A simple survey was used to investigate the local residents’ awareness about COVID-19 prevention and control.Results In pre-outbreak period, the PHC facilities mainly engaged in storing medical supplies; in out-break period, they were responsible for screening, transferring, quarantine and treatment; in regular prevention and control period, attention was given to the employees and items of cold-chain & fresh food markets, etc. In Wuhan, PHC facilities focused on graded diagnoses and treatments of patients; in Shanghai, they were mainly engaged in at-home/centralized quarantine; in Zunyi, they focused on the screening of high-risk individuals. In urban areas, COVID-19 were more likely to be transmitted; in urban-rural areas, it was difficult to perform screening on the migrant populations; in rural areas, the risk was much lower. The community residents had satisfactory compliance with the preventive measures.Conclusion We identified differences in the prevention and control tasks performed at the PHC facilities in China. During the different phases of the pandemic, the tasks were adjusted depending on the gradually comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. Among the cities at different risk levels, screening, quarantine, transferring or treatment was chosen to be a priority accordingly. Located in different intra-city geographic locations at different risk levels, the PHC facilities conducted their own tasks accordingly. Additionally, compliance on the part of the local community residents could not be overemphasized in COVID-19 prevention and control.

Download Full-text

Status of Infection Prevention and Control in Tanzanian Primary Health Care Facilities: Learning From Star Rating Assessment

Infection Prevention in Practice ◽

10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 100071

Author(s):

Erick Kinyenje ◽

Joseph Hokororo ◽

Eliudi Eliakimu ◽

Talhiya Yahya ◽

Bernard Mbwele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Primary Health ◽

Care Facilities ◽

And Control ◽

Primary Health Care Facilities

Download Full-text

Dynamics surrounding the Implementation of the Primary Health Care Approach in Zimbabwe’s Rural Areas: The Case of Mt Darwin District

International Journal of Clinical Inventions and Medical Science ◽

10.36079/lamintang.ijcims-0301.162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Alouis Chilunjika ◽

Sharon R.T. Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Health Sector ◽

Health Service Delivery ◽

Face To Face ◽

Primary Health ◽

Care Approach ◽

Health Related ◽

Research Findings

This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service delivery in Zimbabwe’s rural areas from 2009 to 2012. The approach was launched in response to the Alma-Alta Declaration in 1978 which sought to end the inequalities in health care provision around the globe and was first adopted and implemented in 1982 in Zimbabwe. The approach almost collapsed due to the economic meltdown in the past decade but the period 2009 to 2013 marked a new economic paradigm in Zimbabwe which saw the economy being dollarized which subsequently led to the revival and the resuscitation of the health sector. It is therefore to explore the progress and the dynamics surrounding the implementation of the PHC at Mt Darwin Hospital in light of the dollarized economy. The study explores the dynamics surrounding the implementation of PHC at Mt Darwin District Hospital by particular attention to the following key elements: promotion of nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs. Qualitative techniques such as face to face interviews with key informants and documentary research were used to generate data. The research findings revealed that PHC is a powerful tool in delivering health services in Mt Darwin. However, lack of material, financial and human resources have hindered the proper implementation of the PHC approach in Mt Darwin district. The study recommends multi sectoral collaboration in solving health related issues.

Download Full-text

Interventions for the Prevention and Control of Sickle Cell Disease at Primary Health Care Centres in Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.194 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Obiageli E Nnodu

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Primary Health ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

Observations of infection prevention and control practices in primary health care, Kenya

Bulletin of the World Health Organization ◽

10.2471/blt.16.179499 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (7) ◽

pp. 503-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Guadalupe Bedoya ◽

Amy Dolinger ◽

Khama Rogo ◽

Njeri Mwaura ◽

Francis Wafula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Primary Health ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

Integrating Services for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control: Use of Primary Health Care Approach

Indian Journal of Community Medicine ◽

10.4103/0970-0218.94712 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

JaiP Narain

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Primary Health ◽

Care Approach ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

DIABETES MELLITUS. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1445-5994.1984.tb03621.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 486-486

Author(s):

F. I. R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Primary Health ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

The Rising Burden of Diabetes and Hypertension in Southeast Asian and African Regions: Need for Effective Strategies for Prevention and Control in Primary Health Care Settings

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2013/409083 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Viswanathan Mohan ◽

Yackoob K. Seedat ◽

Rajendra Pradeepa

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Primary Health ◽

Rehabilitative Services ◽

And Control

Aim. To review the available literature on burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) and its coexistence in Southeast Asian (SEA) and the African (AFR) regions and to suggest strategies to improve DM and HTN prevention and control in primary health care (PHC) in the two regions.Methods. A systematic review of the papers published on DM, HTN, and prevention/control of chronic diseases in SEA and AFR regions between 1980 and December 2012 was included.Results. In the year 2011, SEA region had the second largest number of people with DM (71.4 million), while the AFR region had the smallest number (14.7 million). Screening studies identified high proportions (>50%) of individuals with previously undiagnosed HTN and DM in both of the SEA and AFR regions. Studies from both regions have shown that DM and HTN coexist in type 2 DM ranging from 20.6% in India to 78.4% in Thailand in the SEA region and ranging from 9.7% in Nigeria to 70.4% in Morocco in the AFR region. There is evidence that by lifestyle modification both DM and HTN can be prevented.Conclusion. To meet the twin challenge of DM and HTN in developing countries, PHCs will have to be strengthened with a concerted and multipronged effort to provide promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological and therapeutic profile of diabetes cared in primary health care establishments in the prefecture of Sidi Bernoussi during the year 2018

Health Sciences ◽

10.15342/hs.1.148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Josué Kossi Srougbo

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Local Level ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Age Group ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Primary Health ◽

And Control ◽

Therapeutic Profile

Introduction : Diabetes is a constantly evolving chronic disease, with a prevalence of 8.5% in 2014 compared to 4.7% in 1980 corresponding to 422 million the number of adults living with diabetes in 2014, compared to 108 million in 1980. Its early management is necessary to avoid these disastrous complications. Thus, Primary Health Care Establishments are the first gateway for this care. It is essential to describe the profile of this management at local level for diabetes control measures adapted to the local population.Objective : This study aims to describe the epidemiological and therapeutic profile of diabetes at the Primary Health Care Establishments level in the prefecture of Sidi Bernoussi during the year 2018.Methodology: We carried out a descriptive observation study based on data from the 4 quarterly epidemiological surveillance reports for diabetics in the year 2018. Including all diabetics screened and cared for at public health of the prefecture of SIDI BERNOUSSI during the year 2018.Results : The proportion of prevalent cases at Sidi Bernoussi's primary health care establishments level represented 2% of the desert population and is dominated by the age group of [40-59 years] (39.9% of cases). The new cases recruited during the year 2018 are dominated by the female sex of the same age group with a sex ratio of 1.95 for 1 man. Diabetes complications are dominated by hypertension (70% of complicated cases), Oral Antidiabetics are used 54% in the management of diabetics against 1% for hygiene and diet measures alone.Conclusion : We recommend to integrate data from the private sector at the level of the prefectural health directorate of Sidi Bernoussi to have a better real view of the epidemiological situation in the prefecture. In addition, the implementation of the National Multisectoral Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases 2019 - 2029 and the Multisectoral Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases 2016-2025 at the local level must be accentuated on early diagnosis allowing care based more on lifestyle. Finally, this present study would be improved by a prospective and analytical study in the prefecture.

Download Full-text