scholarly journals Attraction of Choristoneura Rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Pheromone Blends in Ratios Produced in Females’ Pheromone Gland or Emitted by the Females in Michigan Apple Orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Huang ◽  
Matthew J Grieshop ◽  
Larry J Gut
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Headspace Collection ◽  
Pheromone Blends ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Pheromone Glands

Abstract Trap captures of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) to pheromone blends in ratios approximating those reported in pheromone glands and a novel blend based on a volatile headspace collection from live virgin females were evaluated in field experiments in Michigan apple orchards. In an initial field trapping study, pheromone lures composed of either a three- or four-component blend approximation of the blend present in female pheromone glands at doses ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/lure were compared. The four-component blend was a combination of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Al) in a ratio of 96.5:1.8:1.4:0.2, respectively, while the three-component blend lacked Z11-14:Al. Pheromone emissions by groups of virgin females and commercial lures were collected in the laboratory and analyzed by gas chromatography. These data were used to formulate a new pheromone lure that was compared to a commercial lure in a second trapping study. In the first field study, traps baited with 10 mg pheromones or above captured significantly more moths than traps baited with 1 mg or less, regardless of the blend. Surprisingly, groups of virgin females only emitted two detectable pheromone components, Z11-14:Ac and Z11-14:OH in a ratio of 37:63 which was substantially different from the blends detected in pheromone glands in the literature. The newly formulated pheromone lure based on females’ emission was more than twice as attractive as the commercial lure which emitted a 74:5:21 three-component blend of Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, and Z11-14:OH, indicating that the response of C. rosaceana to its pheromone was more strongly mediated by the pheromone quantity relative to the blend ratio.

Chemical identification and behavioral activity of (Z)-11-tetradecenal in an eastern North American population of the obliquebanded leafroller

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed ◽  
H.M. Fraser ◽  
R.M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
American Population ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Average Total Number ◽  
Main Component

AbstractThe sex pheromone of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), from the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, was investigated using chemical analysis, GC–EAD, and field trapping experiments. The pheromone gland contained: (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Al). The average amounts of Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, Z11-14:OH, andZ11-14:Al were 40.40, 0.83, 0.47, and 0.13 ng/female, respectively. Eight other structurally related compounds, (E)-11-tetradecenal (E11-14:Al), (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (E11-14:OH), pentadecan-2-one (15-2kt), hexadecanal (16:Al), hexadecan-1-ol (16:OH), heptadecan-2-one (17-2kt), octadecanal (18:Al), and octadecyl acetate (18:Ac), were also identified. In a field trapping experiment, adding Z11-14:Al to lures containing a 100:3:5 blend of Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, and Z11-14:OH in an amount equal to 2% of the main component significantly increased the number of moths captured in apple, Malus domestica (Borkh.) (Rosaceae), orchards. The removal of Z11-14:Al from lures containing a 100:2:1.5:1 blend of Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, Z11-14:OH, and Z11-14:Al resulted in a > 50% reduction in the average total number of moths captured in a trap. This study provides the first evidence that Z11-14:Al is present in the pheromone of an eastern North American population of C. rosaceana.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

Trap response of cutworm moths (Abagrotis orbis) to a sex-attractant lure in grape vineyards

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Landolt ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery ◽  
Lawrence C. Wright ◽  
Constance Smithhisler ◽  
Christelle Gúedot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Feltia Jaculifera ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractLarvae of Abagrotis orbis (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are climbing cutworms and can damage grapevines, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), in early spring by consuming expanding buds. A sex attractant would be useful for monitoring this insect in commercial vineyards. (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate were found in extracts of female abdominal tips. In multiple field experiments, male A. orbis were captured in traps baited with a combination of these two chemicals but not in traps baited with either chemical alone. Males were trapped from mid-September to early October in south-central Washington and south-central British Columbia. Other noctuid moths (Mamestra configurata Walker, Xestia c-nigrum (L.), and Feltia jaculifera (Guenée)) were also captured in traps baited with the A. orbis pheromone and may complicate the use of this lure to monitor A. orbis. Abagrotis discoidalis (Grote) was captured in traps baited with (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate but not in traps baited with the two chemicals together.

The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. W. LUTMAN ◽  
S. E. FREEMAN ◽  
C. PEKRUN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Decline Curves

The present paper reports on three sets of experiments exploring the persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The first, where known numbers of seeds were buried in September 1991 in two field experiments, demonstrated substantial initial losses of seeds, such that only 0·2 and 3·8% of seeds were still present after 4 months. In these experiments, which were not disturbed by mechanical cultivation, there was little evidence of further decline over the following 13 months. In the second of the two experiments, seeds were then left undisturbed for a further 136 months. A mean of 1·8% of seeds were still present after this period, providing further confirmation of the lack of decline in seed numbers in these undisturbed conditions. In the second pair of experiments, known numbers of seeds of three rape cultivars were broadcast onto plots and then either ploughed into the soil immediately after the start of the experiments, or were exposed to weekly shallow tine cultivation followed by ploughing after 4 weeks. The former created a larger seedbank than the latter. The experiments were then ploughed, annually (Expt 1) or at less frequent intervals (Expt 2); appreciable numbers of seeds survived for 65 months in both. Calculations based on exponential decline curves indicated that 95% seed loss would take 15–39 months, depending on the site, cultivar and initial post-harvest stubble treatment. The third part of the paper is based on more detailed studies of persistence of seeds of six cultivars in Petri dishes and buried in 25 cm pots. This work confirmed that cultivars differed in their persistence, as Apex was confirmed as highly persistent, whereas Rebel was short-lived. There were inconsistencies in the response of cultivar Synergy between the Petri-dish and pot experiment, which need further study. This experiment also reinforced the conclusion of the initial field experiments that little seed loss occurs in the absence of cultivations. Appreciable numbers of rape seeds will persist up to 4 years, in normal cropping conditions and in the absence of cultivation one experiment has confirmed persistence for over 11 years.

SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF ENARMONIA FORMOSANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crawford McNair ◽  
Gerhard Gries ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Heterospecific Male ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Cross Attraction ◽  
Pheromone Glands ◽  
Pheromone Blend ◽  
Enarmonia Formosana

Abstract(E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:OAc) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:OAc) are major components of the sex pheromone of the cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), in British Columbia. The compounds were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatographic – electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) and coupled GC – mass spectrometry. In field experiments, traps baited with E9-12:OAc or Z9-12:OAc singly were unattractive to male CBT, but in combination at ratios of 50:50 or 40:60 captured numerous males. Increasing quantities of this two-component pheromone blend resulted in increasing captures of male CBT. This binary blend at a 10-mg dose caught more CBT males that did caged virgin CBT females. Eight other EAD-active acetates identified in extracts of pheromone glands failed to enhance attractiveness of the pheromone blend. These compounds may serve to reduce cross-attraction of heterospecific male moths or may play a role in courtship behaviour. Formulations of synthetic pheromone are being evaluated for management of the CBT using mass trapping or disorientation of male CBT moths.

Effect of certain monounsaturated dodecene and tetradecene acetates and alcohols on electroantennogram response and pheromone-mediated trap catch of the obliquebanded leafroller

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Pheromone Compound ◽  
Attraction Inhibitor ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe effect of certain monounsaturated dodecene and tetradecene acetates and alcohols on electroantennogram (EAG) response and pheromone-mediated trap catch was examined in male obliquebanded leafroller moths, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The stimulation of antennae with 0.1 ng of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), the major pheromone compound of this species, elicited an EAG response. The use of 1 ng of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac) or (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (E9-14:Ac) or 10 ng of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac) or (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac) was required to elicit a response. One hundred nanograms of (E)-9-tetradecenol (E9-14:OH) were required to elicit a response from antennae. The stimulation of antennae with up to 100 ng of (Z)-9-tetradecenol (Z9-14:OH) did not elicit a response. The addition of 0.1 mg of Z9-12:Ac to 1 mg of synthetic C. rosaceana pheromone consisting of a 100:2:1.5:1 blend of Z11-14:Ac, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenol, and (Z)-11-tetradecenal reduced the capture of moths in pheromone-baited traps by more than 72%. Trap catch was reduced by more than 90% by the addition of 0.01 mg of Z9-14:Ac or E9-14:Ac to 1 mg of C. rosaceana pheromone. There was no detectable reduction in trap catch when 1 mg of E9-12:Ac, Z9-14:OH, or E9-14:OH was added to 1 mg of C. rosaceana pheromone. There was a greater than 95% reduction in trap catch when sources of Z9- or E9-12:Ac were mounted at the entrances to traps, 10 cm from the pheromone source. Trap catch was not affected by placing sources of Z9- or E9-14:Ac at trap entrances. Four 1 or 10 mg sources of E9-14:Ac placed 1 m from a trap did not affect the number of male C. rosaceana captured. The study demonstrates that although a compound may have profound attraction inhibiting activity when mixed directly with C. rosaceana pheromone, this activity may be lost if the inhibitor is emitted a short distance from the pheromone. The study also demonstrates that a potent attraction inhibitor such as E9-14:Ac does not repel C. rosaceana males and must be present along with pheromone to affect the behavior of this species.

Modification of the sex-pheromone communication system associated with organophosphorus-insecticide resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed ◽  
H.M. Fraser ◽  
R.M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Pheromone Communication ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Pheromone Communication System

AbstractThe pheromone communication systems of azinphosmethyl-susceptible (susceptible) and azinphosmethyl-resistant (resistant) obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), from the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario, were compared in the laboratory and field. The pheromone glands of resistant females contained approximately one-half as much (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Al) as the glands of susceptible females. A similar amount of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac) was found in the glands of the two types of females. The pheromone effluvium from resistant females contained approximately one-half as much Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, Z11-14:OH, and Z11-14:Al as the effluvium from susceptible females. The onset and duration of female calling and the effect of age on calling were similar in susceptible and resistant C. rosaceana. In an apple orchard, traps baited with resistant females captured approximately one-half as many marked and released susceptible and resistant males as traps baited with susceptible females. There was no difference in the response of antennae from susceptible and resistant males to synthetic Z11-14:Ac and E11-14:Ac. The antennae of resistant males were less sensitive to Z11-14:OH and Z11-14:Al than the antennae of susceptible males. In a flight tunnel, pheromone-gland extracts from susceptible and resistant females, and calling susceptible and resistant females, were equally attractive to both susceptible and resistant males. In an apple orchard, the rate of capture of marked and released susceptible males was greater than that of resistant males in traps baited with susceptible females, but not in traps baited with resistant females or in traps baited with synthetic pheromone. The reduced ability to locate virgin females suggests that the presence of resistant males in an apple orchard may result in a reduction in the capture of moths in pheromone-baited traps. The reduction in trap catch was likely not caused by resistant females because they were less attractive to males than susceptible females and would therefore, in theory, compete less with traps for males than susceptible females. The differences observed in the pheromone communication systems of susceptible and resistant C. rosaceana are likely pleotropic effects associated with the selection for insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of coloured sticky traps for monitoring beneficial insects in apple orchards

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Wallis ◽  
P.W. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sticky Trap ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Trapping Period ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Mylar Sheet ◽  
Trap Colour

Field experiments to evaluate four different coloured sticky traps for monitoring beneficial insects were conducted on Braeburn apple blocks in four commercial orchards situated in the Motueka region Traps used were white yellow and blue Corflute sheets and a clear Mylar sheet all coated on one side with adhesive (Tactrap) The sticky traps were deployed between 27 February and 24 March 2006 Each colour sticky trap was hung vertically from a branch within the tree and traps were replaced and rerandomised two times during the trapping period Beneficial insects monitored included Aphelinus mali Platygaster demades Anagrus sp Stethorus bifidus and Encarsia spp Results indicated that yellow was the best trap colour for catching A mali Stethorus and Encarsia and a clear trap was best for Anagrus sp Trap colour did not have a significant impact on the catch of P demades

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Activity of the Racemate and Enantiomers of a Monofluorinated Analog of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Sex Pheromone

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Klun ◽  
James E. Oliver ◽  
Achot P. Khrimian ◽  
Joseph C. Dickens ◽  
William J. E. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

The racemate and individual enantiomers of 2-fluoro-Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate (2F-Z-11), analogs of a European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), female sex pheromone were compared with the natural pheromone, Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate, in field trapping experiments, flight tunnel studies, mating disruption assays and electrophysiological experiments. While the racemate and R-2F-Z-11 mimicked the natural female sex pheromone, they were not more biologically potent than the pheromone. The S-2F-Z-11 was largely ineffective in all assays and was, therefore, incompatible with the pheromone receptor system.

Sex Attractant Blends for Field Trapping of Agrotis segetum Males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Israel and Germany

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Ezra Dunkelblum ◽  
Hans Jürgen Bestmann ◽  
Werner Knauf ◽  
Otto Vostrowsky
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Dodecyl Acetate ◽  
Decyl Acetate ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Lures for a monitoring system based on sex attractant trapping of Agrotis segetum males were elaborated for Israel and Germany. Various mixtures of (Z)-5-aecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate were tested in 20 different blends. From comparison of all the trap catches a four-component lure consisting of (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetate is recommended for monitoring of A. segetum in both countries.

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