scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Could Induce Heat Stress in Two Japanese Cultivars of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) via Reduction in Transpiration Under High Air Temperature Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Shoma Kamiya ◽  
Dai Kokubun ◽  
Tomoki Nakayama ◽  
Tetsushi Yonekura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract Two Japanese cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Hinohikari and Nikomaru, were planted using potting soil on June 13, 2018, and were exposed to elevated CO2 from June 26 to October 9 using open-top chambers. The study was conducted in Nagasaki, in the Kyushu region of Japan, where the air temperature is relatively high. There were two treatments: ambient CO2 treatment with approximately 400 µmol mol–1 (ppm) CO2, and elevated CO2 treatment with approximately 550 ppm CO2. The elevated CO2 treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and whole-plant dry mass of the two rice cultivars. However, this treatment did not produce significant effects on grain yield and adversely affected grain appearance quality of both cultivars. Among the yield components, spikelet fertility was significantly reduced by exposure to elevated CO2. These adverse effects were typical manifestations of heat stress in rice. Even under ambient CO2 treatment, there was relatively low spikelet fertility and grain appearance quality, because air temperature during the cultivation period was higher than the standard climatological normal of air temperature. Furthermore, under elevated CO2 treatment, significant reductions in transpiration rate of flag leaves were observed during the flowering period. This may cause an increase in temperature of the canopy, including the panicle, and induce heat stress. These results suggest that elevated CO2 could induce heat stress in rice via reduction in transpiration under high air temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morphometric Diversity for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Tolerance to Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
S. Sandeep ◽  
M. Sujatha ◽  
L. V. Subbarao ◽  
C. N. Neeraja
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Heat Tolerant

The present investigation entitled “Assessment of morphometric diversity for yield and yield attributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for tolerance to heat stress” was carried out with objective of assessing genetic divergence in 200 germplasm of rice for eleven characters at ICRISAT, Patencheru, Hyderabad. The genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters in Tocher’s method, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, out of the 11 characters studied, number of grains per panicle, plant height, pollen viability and spikelet fertility contributed 96.73 per cent of the total divergence and these traits were found to be important potent factors for genetic differentiation in genotypes. Principal component analysis identified five principal components, which contributed for 78.66 percent % of cumulative variance. The overall results of the study revealed that crossing using the genotypes under cluster V and XI and cluster XI and XIII could be exploited by hybridization programme to yield good recombinants because they had maximum inter cluster distance and possessing high genetic diversity for the characters viz. panicle length, number of grains per panicle and single plant yield. The genotypes of cluster I, II, IV, VI, VII, VIII, XI, XII and XIII showed high spikelet fertility percentage. Hence the genotypes of these clusters can be used in breeding programmes for development of heat tolerant varieties. Euclidean2 method indicated that genotypes of cluster III and IX exhibited high spikelet fertility percentage which can be utilized in development of heat tolerant cultivars. The results of principal component analysis revealed that genotypes of cluster I, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster XI, cluster XII and cluster XV exhibited highest spikelet fertility percentage. Hence, the genotypes of the clusters can be used in breeding programmes for the development of heat tolerant varieties. 

scholarly journals Enclosed stigma contributes to higher spikelet fertility for rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to heat stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
Kehui Cui ◽  
Qiuqian Hu ◽  
Wencheng Wang ◽  
Lixiao Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Spikelet Fertility

Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
S. Cheabu ◽  
C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽  
W. Detpittayanan ◽  
A. Vanavichit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

scholarly journals Influence of selenium bio-fortification on nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds content and anti-oxidative properties of young ricegrass (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattanamanee Chomchan ◽  
Sunisa Siripongvutikorn ◽  
Panupong Puttarak ◽  
Rungtip Rattanapon
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Selenium Content

Background: Young ricegrass (Oryza sativa L.) can be introduced as one of functional food product since sprouts have been much interested in this era due to their high nutritive values. Bio-fortification of selenium is one strategy to enhance plant bioactivity. However, the level of selenium used is varied among species of plants, hence, the proper level needs to be explored.Objective: To investigate the influence of selenium bio-fortification on nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds content and anti-oxidative properties of young ricegrass.Methods: Sodium selenite ranging 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Se/L has been hydroponically bio-fortified into ricegrass then grown for 8 d and investigated the changes of growth characteristics, selenium content, accumulation of bioactive compounds and anti-oxidative properties.Results:  Results revealed that selenium bio-fortified exogenously increased the accumulation of selenium in ricegrass by 529% at 40 mg Se/L treatment without negatively changes in leaves biomass at the day of harvesting. However, root part weight slightly decreased when increased selenium level. Selenium at concentration of 10 and 20 mg Se/L can stimulate the production of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in young ricegrass as measured by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and chelating assay. Conversely, higher level of selenium fortification reduced the accumulation of phenolics in ricegrass may due to pro-oxidant expression.Conclusion: Selenium bio-fortification can be used as a useful technique to improve quality of ricegrass plantation. 10 mg Se/L treatment was an ideal to trigger the synthesis of phenolics which exhibited high antioxidant activities. While, 40 mg Se/L treatment was ultimate for the production of Se plant foods.Keywords: Antioxidant activities; Bio-fortification; Ricegrass; Selenium

scholarly journals Kualitas Fisik Beras (Oryza sativa L.) Mutan M4 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Nanda Funna Ledita ◽  
Efendi Efendi ◽  
Rita Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Abstrak.  Beras (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang berfungsi sebagai tanaman pokok selain gandum dan jagung di Indonesia, dikarenakan mengandung nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tubuh seperti karbohidrat, protein, air  dan lemak. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk maka permintaan terhadap beras semakin meningkat. Permintaan tersebut sangat ditentukan oleh selera konsumen yang dipengaruhi oleh kualitas beras yaitu mutu fisik (ukuran dan bentuk butiran, rendemen dan pengapuran), mutu tanak (kadar amilosa dan suhu gelatinisasi) dan mutu rasa (tekstur dan aroma). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas beberapa galur padi mutan M4 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, serta Laboratorium Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor, yang berlangsung pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian ini berupa galur (G) dengan 5 taraf, yaitu i-Snb (G0) kontrol, O-39e (G1), O-57d (G2), O-57e (G3) dan O-88j (G4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu sifat fisik beras (densitas kamba, derajat sosoh, dimensi beras rendemen beras giling, dan warna). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur  mutan M4 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kualitas sifat fisik rendemen beras giling dan warna nilai L (kecerahan). Rendemen beras giling terbaik galur O-39e (70,33%) dan warna nilai L (kecerahan) galur O-88j (117,90).  Perlakuan terbaik secara kumulatif  untuk sifat fisik beras yaitu pada i-Snb.. Physical Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) M4  Mutant Results of Gamma Ray IrradiationAbstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of main food which the function is to be staple food beside wheat and corn in Indonesia because it contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, water, and fat. Towards the increasing populations, the demand of rice is increasing as well. The demand is largerly depends on the consumer taste affected by the quality of rice which are physical quality (size and grain shape, rendemen, and calcification), cooked quality (amylose content and gelatinization temperature) and flavor quality (texture and smell). The purpose of this research was to investigate the quality of rice from several M4 mutant line resulting from gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Laboratory of Food and Agricultural Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from the month April to July 2018. The design used in this study was based on a non-factorial completely randomize design with 3 replications and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5% on a significant F test results. The results showed that the M4 mutant line had a very significant effect on the quality of physical properties, the yield of milled rice and the best color L (brightness), namely on the O-88j and O-39e line.

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