scholarly journals Soil macrofauna abundance, biomass and selected soil properties in the home garden and coffee-based agroforestry systems at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaye Asfaw ◽  
Solomon Zewudie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Economic Constraints

Abstract BackgroundIn Ethiopia, the majority of farmers have limited access to inorganic fertilizers, but agricultural development is largely limited by economic constraints. Agroforestry practices (AFPs) are the typical solutions for such kind of agricultural systems. AFPs play critical roles in the improvement of abundance and biomass of soil invertebrates, which are necessary for long-term improvement of soil properties. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics in macro fauna abundance and biomass in home garden and coffee- based agroforestry systems and to relate it with the dynamics in a range of soil physico-chemical parameters.Result The two AF systems did differ in plant species richness and diversity of life forms. For both sampling seasons, higher number of macrofauna was collected from home garden AF than Coffee-based AF plot. Total macrofaunal biomass between the wet and dry season was significant (p <0.05) for samples from home garden AF plot. Depth-wise pattern in macrofauna abundance and biomass showed distinct seasonal variation in the two-agroforestry systems. For both AF plots, marked and significant (p<0.001) seasonal differences were observed in relation to soil moisture, temperature, and pH. On the other hand, dry season samples from home garden AF plot had significantly (p<0.001) higher moisture content and soil pH than coffee-based AF plot.Conclusion The abundance and biomass of soil macrofauna including soil properties were improved by AFs. Thus, the results of this study encourage farmers and policy makers about land administration to implement AFs to ensure sustainability of soil fertility for sustainable production and productivity.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e580101019144
Author(s):  
Rafaela Martins da Silva ◽  
Rakiely Martins da Silva ◽  
Sandra Santana de Lima ◽  
Jianne Rafaela Mazzini de Souza ◽  
Jheny Kesley Mazzini de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Time Of Collection

The objective of this study was to evaluate soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems and secondary forests. The study was conducted in the southern lower region of Bahia in Brazil, in two areas: a successional agroforestry system (AFS18) and native forest (NF).  AFS18 consists of two species: mahogany (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cacao (Theobroma cacau) and banana (Musa spp.).  Sampling was carried out in the dry (June) and rainy (October) seasons of 2019, and eight soil monoliths were collected in both areas.  A total of 889 individuals from the soil macrofauna were sampled. The highest frequency (RF) of taxons occurred in NF in the rainy season, and the groups that stood out were: Oligochaeta with 42% FR in ASF18, Formicide with 33.9% in NF and Isoptera with 58% in AFS18. The macrofauna structure of the soil varied according to the time of collection. The density of macrofauna individuals differed between areas only in the dry season. The highest number of ind.m² was observed in the area NF (378) when compared to ASF18 (196). TOC, Mg2+, Al3+ and CTC were related to AF on both occasions of collection and AFS18 in the rainy season, K+, P and pH were associated with AFS18 in the dry season. The diversity, equitability and richness of the soil macrofauna was greater in AF area. HFA18 in the rainy season was similar to NF, favoring colonization of the area by soil macrofauna organisms.

scholarly journals Cambial Activity and Phenology in Three Understory Species along an Altitude Gradient in Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Mayte S. Jiménez-Noriega ◽  
Lauro López-Mata ◽  
Teresa Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The aims of this study were to evaluate the cambial activity and phenology of three species with different life forms (Alchemilla procumbens, Acaena elongata and Ribes ciliatum) along an altitudinal gradient and to establish which environmental variables (light, soil humidity and temperature) had the greatest influence on cambial activity and phenological stages. Over two years, data on phenology, growth and cambium were gathered every four weeks in three to six sites per species in Sierra Nevada, Mexico. The results showed that Ribes is the only species that terminates cambial activity with leaves senescence and is influenced by the minimum soil temperature. The light environment influenced the vegetative stages in Alchemilla (cryptophyte), while in Acaena (hemicryptophyte), the mean soil temperature explained the findings related to leaf area during the dry season and growth along the gradient. In the three species, the reproductive phase dominated for a longer period at higher elevations, especially in Alchemilla. Only Ribes, the phanerophyte, showed a similar cambial activity to other trees and shrubs. Although cambium reactivates during the dry season, no xylogenesis occurs. The three species varied during the time in which vascular cambium was active, and this was dependent on the altitude. Specifically, the variation was more rhythmic in Ribes and switched on and off in Alchemilla. It is likely that, depending on the life form, vascular cambium may be more or less susceptible to one or more climate factors.

scholarly journals Investigating the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture and Agricultural Drought towards Supporting Water Resources Management in the Red River Basin of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4926
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Luong ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Hiep ◽  
Thi Hieu Bui
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Red River ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Red River Basin ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The increasing serious droughts recently might have significant impacts on socioeconomic development in the Red River basin (RRB). This study applied the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture in the northeast, northwest, and Red River Delta (RRD) regions of the RRB part belongs to territory of Vietnam. The soil moisture dataset simulated for 10 years (2005–2014) was utilized to establish the soil moisture anomaly percentage index (SMAPI) for assessing intensity of agricultural drought. Soil moisture appeared to co-vary with precipitation, air temperature, evapotranspiration, and various features of land cover, topography, and soil type in three regions of the RRB. SMAPI analysis revealed that more areas in the northeast experienced severe droughts compared to those in other regions, especially in the dry season and transitional months. Meanwhile, the northwest mainly suffered from mild drought and a slightly wet condition during the dry season. Different from that, the RRD mainly had moderately to very wet conditions throughout the year. The areas of both agricultural and forested lands associated with severe drought in the dry season were larger than those in the wet season. Generally, VIC-based soil moisture approach offered a feasible solution for improving soil moisture and agricultural drought monitoring capabilities at the regional scale.

Shade tree identity rather than diversity influences soil macrofauna in cacao-based agroforestry systems

Pedobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 150770
Author(s):  
G.X. Rousseau ◽  
O. Deheuvels ◽  
D. Celentano ◽  
I.R. Arias ◽  
L.M. Hernández-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Tree Identity

scholarly journals Influence of agroforestry systems of the Plantar Project on soil macrofauna

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Leónides Castellanos González ◽  
Ana Francisca González Pedraza ◽  
Alfonso Eugenio Capacho Mogollón
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Palabras Clave

El proyecto Plantar (Desarrollo estratégico agroecológico con uso de TIC para el fortalecimiento de cultivos promisorios en el Departamento de Norte de Santander) se desarrolló desde en enero de 2018 y a junio de 2019 en los municipios Arboledas, Convención, La Playa, La Esperanza, Ocaña y Mutiscua.  El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la Influencia de 18 sistemas agroforestales del Proyecto Plantar sobre la macrofauna del suelo después de implementados los mismos en los seis municipios. Se compararon las variables de biodiversidad de la macrofauna en dos muestreos (abundancia, Índice de riqueza específica, índice de diversidad de especies de Margalef, índice de equidad de abundancia de Shannon-Wiener e índice de dominancia de Simpson), uno antes de sembrar los cultivos y otro al año de establecidos.  Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de las variables estudiadas para las variables de modelos agroecológico. El establecimiento de los cultivos en los sistemas agroforestales tuvo impactos negativos y positivos sobre la macrofauna del suelo, al parecer debido a la heterogeneidad de la cobertura vegetal y del uso de suelo de las parcelas que aportaron los agricultores al proyecto. Al analizar la abundancia de la macrofauna se verifica que esta disminuye en todos los municipios, sin embargo, un análisis más detenido de otras variables como la riqueza y diversidad de especies, la equidad y la dominancia dentro de los modelos y grupos biológicos aportan resultados más favorables que cuando se analiza solamente de la abundancia. Palabras clave: Biodiversidad, abundancia, equidad, dominancia, modelos agroecológicos. 

scholarly journals Distribution of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke in varying vegetation structures, soil properties, and microclimates in Manggarai, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titut Yulistyarini ◽  
Abban Putri Fiqa ◽  
Sugeng Budiharta ◽  
Ridesti Rindyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Vegetation Structures

Abstract. Yulistyarini T, Fiqa AP, Budiharta S, Rindyastuti R. 2020. Distribution of Gyrinops versteegii in varying vegetation structures, soil properties, and microclimates in western part of Flores Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1800-1808. Gyrinops versteegii is one of the agarwood-producing tropical plants that is distributed in the Lesser Sunda Islands to Sulawesi, Moluccas (Maluku), and Papua. The natural population of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke is widely exploited, making it being listed in CITES Appendix II. Despite largely exploited, information regarding the distribution of G. versteegii to reveal the habitat characteristics of its natural population is limited. The aims of the research were (i) to investigate the habitat characteristics of the distribution of G. versteegii in term of vegetation community, as well as soil and microclimate variables in its natural habitat in western part of Flores Island, and (ii) to study the relationship between its occurrence and ecological factors. The research was conducted in one community forest and three natural forests in the districts of Manggarai and West Manggarai, Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Data on vegetation, soil properties and microclimates were collected by establishing 73 observation plots across the four studied areas. Data were analyzed to reveal vegetation composition and structure where G. versteegii occurred, the dispersion pattern, and relationship between its occurrence and ecological factors. Our study revealed that G. versteegii populations at four studied areas in Flores Island were distributed in a broad range of habitat characteristics with varying vegetation compositions and structures, canopy covers as well as soil and microclimates variables. The local/metapopulations of G. versteegii in these areas can be dispersed in clumped or uniform pattern. Nonetheless, some ecological variables might be important for the abundance of this species including soil texture, soil pH, C organic and Soil Organic Matters (SOM). The results of this study suggest a promising opportunity for the conservation efforts of G. versteegii through the possibility of planting this species in various land management including planted in monoculture system, polyculture system (e.g. home garden and agroforestry) as well as reintroduced into species-rich natural forest.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

scholarly journals Small sinkhole-like features in alluvial plains: the example of Paganico (Lucca Plain, Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
M. Dell'Aringa ◽  
R. Giannecchini ◽  
A. Puccinelli
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Piezometric Surface ◽  
Perched Aquifer

Abstract. Paganico is a little village located in the southeastern portion of the Lucca Plain (northwestern Tuscany, Italy). Since the seventies, a few square kilometers' area around Paganico has been involved in the opening of small cavities (sinkhole-like) on the land surface. At the beginning they were very small and sporadic. Later on the phenomena were characterized by a significant extension, increasing in frequency and size (up to 2 m in diameter and depth), causing inconvenience to local people, agricultural operations and occasionally a little damage (cracks to buildings, fencing walls and outside floorings). The cavities prevalently occur at the end of the dry season, during or immediately after the first intense rainy events, that is, between the end of summer and early autumn. Even so, the predisposition and triggering causes at present are not completely clarified. Therefore this study is aimed at individuating the triggering and evolution mechanism of the Paganico sinkhole-like features, particularly referring to the stratigraphic, hydrogeological and geotechnical features of the involved materials. Another important issue made clear with this research is represented by the overexploitation of the local aquifer, characterized by particular hydro-structural conditions. In fact, the Paganico underground shows three horizons with different lithologic, hydrogeological and geotechnical properties: a superficial silty-sandy horizon (2–3 m thick), which is particularly involved in collapses; an intermediate silty-clayey horizon (2–4 m thick); and a lower and thick gravel-pebbly horizon, characterized by important water resources and heavy pumping. Since the seventies, such water pumping rose considerably due to the local demographic (well field), industrial (paper manufacture) and agricultural development. From a hydrogeological point of view, this area is consequently characterized by two water tables: a temporary one, housed in the superficial silty-sandy horizon (perched aquifer), and a second one, confined, associated with the lower gravel-pebbly horizon (aquifer). The perched aquifer and confined aquifer are separated by an impermeable silty-clayey horizon. According to the observations resulting from this study, the latter probably tends to fracture by desiccation during the dry season, originating water exchange between the two water tables during the first important autumnal rainfall, depending on the pumping conditions, which lower the piezometric surface of the confined aquifer. Cracking would also characterize the superficial horizon. Thus, the water exchange would produce erosional phenomena in the superficial material, with removal of the fine fraction and collapse. This process could be at the origin of the cavities opening.

Seasonal Variation in Bee-Plant Interactions in an Inselberg in the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelita França Marques ◽  
Mariana Scaramussa Deprá ◽  
Maria Cristina Gaglianone
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bee Plant

Studies on bee-plant interactions are relevant to the understanding of temporal patterns in neotropical communities. In isolated habitats such as inselbergs little is yet known about the temporal dynamics in the availability of fl oral resources and interacting bee. In the present study, the objective is to verify the eff ect of seasonality on the bee-plant interaction in an Atlantic Forest inselberg in southeastern Brazil. The bees were sampled monthly in the dry (April/2008-September/2008) and wet seasons (October/2008-March/2009) using an entomological net. A total of 322 bees of 33 species were captured on fl owers of 34 species of plants during the year. Bees richness was similar between seasons (22 species in the wet season and 21 in the dry season), but abundance was higher in the wet season (60% of individuals) and higher diversity occurred in the dry season. Augochloropsis sp1 were the most abundant species and visited the largest number of plant species at each season. In the interaction network, plants with the highest degree were distinct between the seasons. The number of possible interactions was higher in the dry season compared to the wet season and connectance was similar; nestedness however varied between the seasons. The composition of plant and bees species was distinct between the seasons, as well as the interactions between them, mainly due to the alteration in the composition of the plant species and the change in the choice of the bees for the floral resources between the seasons.

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