scholarly journals All-Cellulose Material Prepared by Zinc Chloride Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Nemoto ◽  
Keiichi Nakamata
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Material ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Chloride Treatment

Abstract Vulcanized fiber is an all-cellulose material made from cotton and/or wood cellulose after zinc chloride treatment. This material was invented in the UK in the mid-19th century and is used because of its excellent characteristics, such as impact resistance and electrical insulation. Recent research revealed that the vulcanized fiber strength can be attributed to the chemically defibrillated cellulose nanofibers. In this report, we describe the history and structural characteristics of vulcanized fibers and introduce a new aspect of zinc chloride treatment.

scholarly journals Rhetorical uses of precise numbers and semi-magical round numbers in political discourse about COVID-19: Examples from the government of the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652110131
Author(s):  
Michael Billig
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
British Government ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Round Numbers ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper examines how the British government has used statistics about COVID-19 for political ends. A distinction is made between precise and round numbers. Historically, using round numbers to estimate the spread of disease gave way in the 19th century to the sort precise, but not necessarily accurate, statistics that are now being used to record COVID-19. However, round numbers have continued to exert rhetorical, ‘semi-magical’ power by simultaneously conveying both quantity and quality. This is demonstrated in examples from the British government’s claims about COVID-19. The paper illustrates how senior members of the UK government use ‘good’ round numbers to frame their COVID-19 goals and to announce apparent achievements. These round numbers can provide political incentives to manipulate the production of precise number; again examples from the UK government are given.

scholarly journals Interaction between nanoparticles generated by zinc chloride treatment and oxidative responses in rat liver

2013 ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inès Azzouz ◽  
Hamdi Trabelsi ◽  
Soumaya Ferchichi ◽  
Olfa Tebourbi ◽  
Mohsen Sakly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Chloride Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Responses

Macroevolutionary trends in the genus Torvoneustes (Crocodylomorpha: Metriorhynchidae) and discovery of a giant specimen from the Late Jurassic of Kimmeridge, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-493
Author(s):  
Mark T Young ◽  
Davide Foffa ◽  
Lorna Steel ◽  
Steve Etches
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The metriorhynchid crocodylomorph fauna of the Late Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) of the UK was highly diverse. One genus from this Formation, Torvoneustes, was unique in evolving dentition similar to known chelonivorous crocodylomorphs and enlarged attachment sites for the pterygoideus adductor musculature. Here we report the largest known Torvoneustes specimen, the occipital region of a large cranium that was discovered on the shore of Brandy Bay, Dorset, UK (KCF). We also report three tooth crowns discovered during the 19th century from Oxfordshire that can also be referred to Torvoneustes. The partial braincase is unique in having: verticalized basioccipital tuberosities that have thickened ventral margins, the notch between the basioccipital tuberosities is a narrow inverted ‘U’-shape and a subrectangular-shaped carotid canal foramina. The presence of ‘occipital fossae’ (deep concavities with the hypoglossal foramina in their dorsomedial corners) and carotid foramina with raised rims relative to the basioccipital posterior surface, allow us to refer it to Torvoneustes. Although incomplete, the exceptional size of the specimen demonstrates that Torvoneustes attained larger body lengths than previously supposed (3.7–4.7 m). Comparing the dimensions of this specimen to other metriorhynchids suggests that at least some Torvoneustes specimens rivalled Plesiosuchus manselii in body length.

Academic surgery in the UK and the Surgical Research Society 50 years ago

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Harold Ellis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Surgical Research ◽  
Academic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The 19Th Century

Fifty years ago, in 1970, academic surgical units had finally been established throughout the universities in the UK. Such departments had been created in the Scottish university cities in the 19th century; some medical schools in London had resisted this custom, but by now these bastions of the old system had surrendered!

Bacterial synthesized cellulose nanofibers; Effects of growth times and culture mediums on the structural characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Sheykhnazari ◽  
Taghi Tabarsa ◽  
Alireza Ashori ◽  
Alireza Shakeri ◽  
Masood Golalipour
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers

Recent Developments in the Institute's Domestic Macromodel

1989 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Wren-Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Explicit Dynamic ◽  
Wage Equations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forward Looking

The forecast published in this Review uses the latest vintage of the Institute's domestic econometric model, version 11.4. In comparison with the model described a year ago (Model 11.1, see Wren-Lewis, (1988)) some of the main developments are:1) The key price and wage equations are both forward looking, and are based on explicit dynamic theories of adjustment. This is perhaps the first time that a large quarterly econometric model has attempted to identify the structural characteristics of nominal inertia in the UK.

scholarly journals Zinc detoxification: a functional genomics and transcriptomics analysis in Drosophila melanogaster cultured cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Mohr ◽  
Kirstin Rudd ◽  
Yanhui Hu ◽  
Wei Roc Song ◽  
Quentin Gilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Disease Associated Genes ◽  
Chloride Treatment

ABSTRACTCells require some metals, such as zinc and manganese, but excess levels of these metals can be toxic. As a result, cells have evolved complex mechanisms for maintaining metal homeostasis and surviving metal intoxication. Here, we present the results of a large-scale functional genomic screen in Drosophila cultured cells for modifiers of zinc chloride toxicity, together with transcriptomics data for wildtype or genetically zinc-sensitized cells challenged with mild zinc chloride supplementation. Altogether, we identified 47 genes for which knockdown conferred sensitivity or resistance to toxic zinc or manganese chloride treatment, and more than 1800 putative zinc-responsive genes. Analysis of the ‘omics data points to the relevance of ion transporters, glutathione-related factors, and conserved disease-associated genes in zinc detoxification. Specific genes identified in the zinc screen include orthologs of human disease-associated genes CTNS, PTPRN (also known as IA-2), and ATP13A2 (also known as PARK9). We show that knockdown of red dog mine (rdog; CG11897), a candidate zinc detoxification gene encoding an ABCC-type transporter family protein related to yeast cadmium factor (YCF1), confers sensitivity to zinc intoxication in cultured cells and that rdog is transcriptionally up-regulated in response to zinc stress. As there are many links between the biology of zinc and other metals and human health, the ‘omics datasets presented here provide a resource that will allow researchers to explore metal biology in the context of diverse health-relevant processes.

scholarly journals A Life Less than Ordinary: The Schooner Ocean (1821–1865)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Pink ◽  
Julian Whitewright
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Maritime Cultural Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe East Winner Bank Shipwreck takes its name from the southern sandbank on Hayling Island near Portsmouth, UK. Examination of the wreck indicates a 19th-century carvel-built vessel. The sandbank is an active environment, meaning the wreck is rarely exposed to its full extent. Discussed here is work completed on the site before and during the social-distancing restrictions imposed by COVID-19. Documentary sources and previous detailed surveys suggest a possible identification for the wreck. The site appears to be an example of an everyday 19th-century coastal trading vessel, rarely explored archaeologically in the UK, with potential to contribute to discussions of the maritime technologies and maritime cultural landscape of regular folk. The investigation represents an excellent example of combining historical and archaeological data sets to further the interpretation of both sources, revealing details about the ship and its lasting impact on this stretch of coastline.

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