scholarly journals On-Site Blackwater Treatment Fosters Microbial Groups and Functions to Efficiently and Robustly Recover Carbon and Nutrients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Mauricio R. Dimitrov ◽  
Gustavo R.H. Silva ◽  
Adriano Lucheta ◽  
Lucas W. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Tubular Photobioreactor ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract Background: Wastewater is considered as a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, which is highly contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed.Results: Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. The most prevalent core functions in influent (BW) were related to metabolism of carbohydrates, response to chemicals and drugs, and nitrogen. The core functions in anaerobic digested BW and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor were related to response to stress, viral processes and iron-sulfur metabolism. Methanogenesis-related functions were most abundant in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Effluent from tubular photobioreactor presented high abundances of functions related to nitrogen utilization, metal ion binding and antibiotic biosynthetic processes. Interestingly, the abundance of sequences related to ‘pathogenesis’ decreased from influent BW to SP1 to effluent from tubular photobioreactor. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased potential microbial functions related to pathogenesis. Conclusions: The new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.

scholarly journals On-Site Blackwater Treatment Fosters Microbial Groups and Functions to Efficiently and Robustly Recover Carbon and Nutrients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Mauricio R. Dimitrov ◽  
Gustavo H. R. da Silva ◽  
Adriano R. Lucheta ◽  
Lucas W. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
Final Effluent

Wastewater is considered a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed. Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased microbial functions related to pathogenesis. In summary, the new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.

Evaluation and modelling of helminth eggs removal in baffled and unbaffled ponds treating anaerobic effluent

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von Sperling ◽  
C.A.L. Chernicharo ◽  
A.M.E. Soares ◽  
A.M. Zerbini
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Final Effluent

The paper evaluates and models helminth eggs removal in a combined UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor - maturation pond system (one baffled and one unbaffled pond in parallel). The system is comprised of demonstration-scale units, treating actual domestic sewage from Itabira city, Brazil. The paper addresses the following points: (i) removal of helminth eggs from the wastewater in the system; (ii) comparison of the observed removal efficiency with the predictions using the Ayres et al. model; (iii) accumulation of helminth eggs in the sludge; (iv) viability of eggs in the sludge; (v) distribution of helminth species in the sludge. The removal efficiency of helminth eggs from the wastewater in both ponds was 100% for most of the time (0 counts in the final effluent). The predictions of helminth eggs removal according to the Ayres et al. model can be considered reasonable. After one year of operation, 88% of the eggs in the sludge remained viable. Helminth eggs counts in the sludge tended to decrease along the baffled pond length (from first to last compartment). The prevailing helminth species found in the sludge from both ponds was Ascaris lumbricoides.

Impact of aluminum chloride on process performance and microbial community structure of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Takahiro Watari ◽  
Tran Phuong Thao ◽  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
Daisuke Tanikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In this study, granular sludge formation was carried out using an aluminum chloride supplement in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating natural rubber processing wastewater. Results show that during the first 75 days after the start-up of the UASB reactor with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.65 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, it performed stably with a removal of 90% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sludge still remained in small dispersed flocs. However, after aluminum chloride was added at a concentration of 300 mg·L−1 and the OLR range was increased up to 5.32 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, the total COD removal efficiency rose to 96.5 ± 2.6%, with a methane recovery rate of 84.9 ± 13.4%, and the flocs began to form granules. Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the sludge retained in the UASB reactor showed that total sequence reads of Methanosaeta sp. and Methanosarcina sp., reported to be the key organisms for granulation, increased after 311 days of operation. This indicates that the microbial community structure of the retained sludge in the UASB reactor at the end of the experiment gave a good account of itself in not only COD removal, but also granule formation.

scholarly journals Biomass granulation in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating 500 m3/day low-strength sewage and post treatment in high-rate algal pond

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242
Author(s):  
Pritha Chatterjee ◽  
M. M. Ghangrekar
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Final Effluent

A pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-moving bed biofilm (UASB-MBB) reactor followed by a high-rate algal pond (HRAP) was designed and operated to remove organic matter, nutrients and pathogens from sewage and to facilitate reuse. For an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 233 ± 20 mg/L, final effluent COD was 50 ± 6 mg/L. Successful biomass granulation was observed in the sludge bed of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor after 5 months of operation. Ammonia removal in HRAP was 85.1 ± 2.4% with average influent and effluent ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 20 ± 3 mg/L and 3 ± 1 mg/L, respectively. Phosphate removal after treatment in the HRAP was 91 ± 1%. There was a 2–3 log scale pathogen removal after treatment in HRAP with most probable number (MPN) of the final effluent being 600–800 per 100 mL, which is within acceptable standards for surface irrigation. The blackwater after treatment in UASB-MBBR-HRAP is being reused for gardening and landscaping. This proper hydro-dynamically designed UASB reactor demonstrated successful granulation and moving bed media improved sludge retention in UASB reactor. This combination of UASB-MBB reactor followed by HRAP demonstrated successful sewage treatment for a year covering all seasons.

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