scholarly journals On-Site Blackwater Treatment Fosters Microbial Groups and Functions to Efficiently and Robustly Recover Carbon and Nutrients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Mauricio R. Dimitrov ◽  
Gustavo H. R. da Silva ◽  
Adriano R. Lucheta ◽  
Lucas W. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
Final Effluent

Wastewater is considered a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed. Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased microbial functions related to pathogenesis. In summary, the new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.

scholarly journals On-Site Blackwater Treatment Fosters Microbial Groups and Functions to Efficiently and Robustly Recover Carbon and Nutrients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Mauricio R. Dimitrov ◽  
Gustavo R.H. Silva ◽  
Adriano Lucheta ◽  
Lucas W. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Tubular Photobioreactor ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract Background: Wastewater is considered as a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, which is highly contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed.Results: Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. The most prevalent core functions in influent (BW) were related to metabolism of carbohydrates, response to chemicals and drugs, and nitrogen. The core functions in anaerobic digested BW and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor were related to response to stress, viral processes and iron-sulfur metabolism. Methanogenesis-related functions were most abundant in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Effluent from tubular photobioreactor presented high abundances of functions related to nitrogen utilization, metal ion binding and antibiotic biosynthetic processes. Interestingly, the abundance of sequences related to ‘pathogenesis’ decreased from influent BW to SP1 to effluent from tubular photobioreactor. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased potential microbial functions related to pathogenesis. Conclusions: The new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.

Impact of aluminum chloride on process performance and microbial community structure of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Takahiro Watari ◽  
Tran Phuong Thao ◽  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
Daisuke Tanikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In this study, granular sludge formation was carried out using an aluminum chloride supplement in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating natural rubber processing wastewater. Results show that during the first 75 days after the start-up of the UASB reactor with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.65 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, it performed stably with a removal of 90% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sludge still remained in small dispersed flocs. However, after aluminum chloride was added at a concentration of 300 mg·L−1 and the OLR range was increased up to 5.32 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, the total COD removal efficiency rose to 96.5 ± 2.6%, with a methane recovery rate of 84.9 ± 13.4%, and the flocs began to form granules. Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the sludge retained in the UASB reactor showed that total sequence reads of Methanosaeta sp. and Methanosarcina sp., reported to be the key organisms for granulation, increased after 311 days of operation. This indicates that the microbial community structure of the retained sludge in the UASB reactor at the end of the experiment gave a good account of itself in not only COD removal, but also granule formation.

scholarly journals Anaerobic treatment of Hong Kong leachate followed by chemical oxidation

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H.P. Fang ◽  
I.W.C. Lau ◽  
P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Ozonation Process

Landfill leachate of Hong Kong was first treated by the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process. At 37°C, pH 7.1–8.5 and a HRT of 5.1–6.6 days, the process removed 66–90% of COD in the leachate for loading rates of 1–2.4g-COD/lday depending on the strength of landfill leachate. The final effluent contained 1440–1910mg-COD/l and 70–91mg-BOD/l. About 92.5% of the total COD removed was converted to methane and the rest was converted to biomass with an average net growth yield of 0.053g-VSS/g-COD-removed. The granules developed in the UASB reactor were 0.5–1.5mm in size and exhibited good settleability. The UASB effluent was then further polished by two oxidation processes. The UASB-ozonation process removed 93.0% of the 12900mg/l of COD from the raw leachate. The UASB-Fenton-ozonation process improved the COD removal efficiency to 99.3%. The final effluent had only 85mg/l of COD and 10mg/l of BOD5. Ozonation was most effectively conducted at pH 7–8 with the addition of 300mg/l of H2O2 and for the duration of 30min. Ozonation also significantly improved the biodegradability of the organic residues. Nearly 50% of these residues could be used as carbon source in denitrification.

Coupled UASB-activated sludge process for COD and nitrogen removals in municipal sewage treatment in warm climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2829-2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Shi Cao ◽  
Chee Meng Ang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Final Effluent

A laboratory-scale system consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) activated sludge process was adopted to investigate COD and nitrogen removals in municipal sewage treatment in warm climate. The COD, SCOD, acetic acid (HAc), NH4+-N and PO43−-P conversions in the UASB reactor were investigated. A 35% reduction in volatile suspended solid (VSS) was achieved in the UASB process. The net methane (CH4) production was 0.06 l (g CODremoved)−1. Acids accumulation was not observed. In the MLE activated sludge process, nitrification was almost complete while denitrification was modest. Little excess sludge was produced as the bulk of the COD was removed in the UASB reactor, which reduced the COD mass load to the activated sludge process. The average COD and SCOD of the final effluent of the activated sludge process were 51 and 25 mg l−1, respectively and the average NH4+-N concentration of the final effluent was 3.1 mg N l−1. The results illustrated that the coupled process is feasible for COD and nitrogen removals in municipal sewage treatment in warm climate. However, the low pH of the final effluent (<6 on average) remains an issue to be solved.

scholarly journals Biomass granulation in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating 500 m3/day low-strength sewage and post treatment in high-rate algal pond

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242
Author(s):  
Pritha Chatterjee ◽  
M. M. Ghangrekar
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Final Effluent

A pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-moving bed biofilm (UASB-MBB) reactor followed by a high-rate algal pond (HRAP) was designed and operated to remove organic matter, nutrients and pathogens from sewage and to facilitate reuse. For an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 233 ± 20 mg/L, final effluent COD was 50 ± 6 mg/L. Successful biomass granulation was observed in the sludge bed of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor after 5 months of operation. Ammonia removal in HRAP was 85.1 ± 2.4% with average influent and effluent ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 20 ± 3 mg/L and 3 ± 1 mg/L, respectively. Phosphate removal after treatment in the HRAP was 91 ± 1%. There was a 2–3 log scale pathogen removal after treatment in HRAP with most probable number (MPN) of the final effluent being 600–800 per 100 mL, which is within acceptable standards for surface irrigation. The blackwater after treatment in UASB-MBBR-HRAP is being reused for gardening and landscaping. This proper hydro-dynamically designed UASB reactor demonstrated successful granulation and moving bed media improved sludge retention in UASB reactor. This combination of UASB-MBB reactor followed by HRAP demonstrated successful sewage treatment for a year covering all seasons.

Microbial community characterization of an UASB treating increased organic loading rates of vitamin C biosynthesis wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjiu Shi ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Weichao Yang ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The microbial community of a mesophilic lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating vitamin C biosynthesis wastewater at gradually elevated organic loading rates (OLRs) was characterized using 16S rDNA-based polymerase chain reaction-DGGE (denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis. The DGGE fingerprints suggested that the elevated OLRs did not cause any significant changes in the microbial community. The predominant bacterial bands were affiliated with the Firmicutes (Clostridiales, four bands), Proteobacteria (Deltaproteobacteria, six bands), Bacteroidetes, and Synergistetes, respectively. All the archaeal bands were very similar to already known methanogenic species: Methanobacterium formicicum (two bands), Methanomethylovorans hollandica (one band) and Methanosaeta concilli (two bands), which belonged to the divisions Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobia, respectively.

Inhibition of methanogenic activity of starch-degrading granules by aromatic pollutants

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. P. Fang ◽  
Ivan W. C. Lau ◽  
Denis W. C. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Aromatic Pollutants ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Pollutants ◽  
Ic50 Values

The effects of nine common aromatic pollutants from chemical industry on the bioactivity of anaerobic granules were examined. The granules were obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating wastewater containing colloidal starch. The specific methanogenic activities (SMA) of granules were measured at 37°C in serum vials using 3000 mg/l of colloidal starch as substrate, plus individual pollutants at various concentrations. The toxicity was expressed by the IR50 and IC50 values, i.e. the toxicant/biomass ratio and concentration at which levels the granules exhibited only 50% of their original bioactivities. Results showed that in general the granules exhibited mild resistance to toxicity of aromatic pollutants, probably due to the granules' layered microstructure. The toxicities, which were dependent on the nature of chemical functional group, of the aromatic pollutants were in the following descending order: cresols > phenol > hydroxyphenols/phthalate > benzoate. There was only marginal difference between the toxicity of the steric isomers. For the seven phenolic pollutants, the more hydrophobic the functional group the higher the toxicity. The granules' resistance to toxicity suggested the plausibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the chemical industry.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity Dynamics in a Methanogenic-Sulfidogenic UASB Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
E. Fernández-Palacios ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Mabel Mora ◽  
David Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Long Run

In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction in a SOx emissions treatment system were assessed using crude glycerol as organic carbon source and electron donor under constant S and C loading rates. The reactor was inoculated with granular sludge obtained from a pulp and paper industry and fed at a constant inlet sulfate concentration of 250 mg S-SO42−L−1 and a constant C/S ratio of 1.5 ± 0.3 g Cg−1 S for over 500 days. Apart from the regular analysis of chemical species, Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the dynamics of the bacterial community along with the whole operation. The reactor was sampled along the operation to monitor its diversity and the changes in targeted species to gain insight into the performance of the sulfidogenic UASB. Moreover, studies on the stratification of the sludge bed were performed by sampling at different reactor heights. Shifts in the UASB performance correlated well with the main shifts in microbial communities of interest. A progressive loss of the methanogenic capacity towards a fully sulfidogenic UASB was explained by a progressive wash-out of methanogenic Archaea, which were outcompeted by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio was found as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor along time. A progressive reduction in the sulfidogenic capacity of the UASB was found in the long run due to the accumulation of a slime-like substance in the UASB.

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