scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Family Physicians in Japan and the United States: A Cross-sectional International Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Okazaki ◽  
Shuhei Yoshida ◽  
Saori Kashima ◽  
Soichi Koike ◽  
Masatoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background: Family physicians are known to distribute more equally among the population than other physicians. The maturity of family medicine, i.e. the length of its history as a part of healthcare system and the population of qualified family medicine experts, may affect the distribution, but this has not been shown in the literature. This study compares the geographic distribution of family physicians in Japan and the United States (U.S.), both of which are developed countries without a physician allocation system by the public sector, but the two countries differ greatly in the maturity of family medicine as a clinical specialty.Methods: This is a cross-sectional international comparative study using publicly available online database on the number of physicians in Japan (Board-certification Database of Japan Primary Care Association, and Survey of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) and the U.S. (Area Resource File by Health Resources and Services Administration). The municipalities in Japan and counties in the U.S. were divided into quintile groups according to population density. The number of family physicians per unit population in each group of areas was calculated. The geographic distribution of all physicians in Japan was simulated assuming that the proportion of family physicians among all physicians in Japan (0.16%) was increased to that in the U.S (11.8%).Results: The distribution of family physicians in Japan noticeably shifted to the areas with the lowest population density. In contrast, family physicians in the U.S. distributed equally across areas. The distribution of physicians with other specialties (general internists, pediatricians, surgeons and obstetricians/gynecologists) shifted heavily to the areas with highest population density in both countries. The simulation analysis showed the geographic maldistribution of all physicians improved substantially if the proportion of family physicians in Japan increases to that in the U.S. Conclusion: The distribution of family physicians is more equal than other medical specialists, and the immaturity of family medicine can even lead to a rural-biased distribution. In a country with emerging family medicine such as Japan, increasing the number of family physicians may effectively mitigate the urban-rural imbalance of physician supply.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of family physicians in Japan and the United States: a cross-sectional international comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Okazaki ◽  
Shuhei Yoshida ◽  
Saori Kashima ◽  
Soichi Koike ◽  
Masatoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background: Family physicians are known to distribute more equally among the population than other physicians. The maturity of family medicine, i.e. the length of its history as a part of healthcare system and the population of qualified family medicine experts, may affect the distribution, but this has not been shown in the literature. This study compares the geographic distribution of family physicians in Japan and the United States (U.S.), both of which are developed countries without a physician allocation system by the public sector, but the two countries differ greatly in the maturity of family medicine as a clinical specialty.Methods: This is a cross-sectional international comparative study using publicly available online database on the number of physicians in Japan (Board-certification Database of Japan Primary Care Association, and Survey of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) and the U.S. (Area Resource File by Health Resources and Services Administration). The municipalities in Japan and counties in the U.S. were divided into quintile groups according to population density. The number of family physicians per unit population in each group of areas was calculated. The geographic distribution of all physicians in Japan was simulated assuming that the proportion of family physicians among all physicians in Japan (0.16%) was increased to that in the U.S (11.8%).Results: The distribution of family physicians in Japan noticeably shifted to the areas with the lowest population density. In contrast, family physicians in the U.S. distributed equally across areas. The distribution of physicians with other specialties (general internists, pediatricians, surgeons and obstetricians/gynecologists) shifted heavily to the areas with highest population density in both countries. The simulation analysis showed the geographic maldistribution of all physicians improved substantially if the proportion of family physicians in Japan increases to that in the U.S. Conclusion: The distribution of family physicians is more equal than other medical specialists, and the immaturity of family medicine can even lead to a rural-biased distribution. In a country with emerging family medicine such as Japan, increasing the number of family physicians may effectively mitigate the urban-rural imbalance of physician supply.

Visits to Family Physicians or Specialists by Elderly Persons in Canada and the United States: An Exploratory Comparative Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Kaplan ◽  
Nathalie Huguet ◽  
David Feeny ◽  
Bentson H. McFarland ◽  
Stacey S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Elderly Persons

scholarly journals Dewey Decimal Classification Trending Downward in U.S. Academic Libraries, but Unlikely to Disappear Completely

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Jordan Patterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Decimal Classification ◽  
The U.S

A Review of: Lund, B., & Agbaji, D. (2018). Use of Dewey Decimal Classification by academic libraries in the United States. Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, 56(7), 653-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2018.1517851 Abstract Objective – To determine the current use of Dewey Decimal Classification in academic libraries in the United States of America (U.S.). Design – Cross-sectional survey using a systematic sampling method. Setting – Online academic library catalogues in the U.S. Subjects – 3,973 academic library catalogues. Methods – The researchers identified 3,973 academic libraries affiliated with degree-granting post-secondary institutions in the U.S. The researchers searched each library’s online catalogue for 10 terms from a predetermined list. From the results of each search, the researchers selected at least five titles, noted the classification scheme used to classify each title, and coded the library as using Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Library of Congress Classification (LCC), both DDC and LCC, or other classification schemes. Based on the results of their data collection, the researchers calculated totals. The totals of this current study’s data collection were compared to statistics on DDC usage from two previous reports, one published in 1975 and one in 1996. The researchers performed statistical analyses to determine if there were any discernible trends from the earliest reported statistics through to the current study. Main Results – Collections classified using DDC were present in 717 libraries (18.9%). Adjusting for the increase in the number of academic libraries in the U.S. between 1975 and 2017, DDC usage in academic libraries has declined by 56% in that time frame. The number of libraries with only DDC in evidence is unreported. Conclusion – The previous four decades have seen a significant decrease in the use of DDC in U.S. academic libraries in favour of LCC; however, the rate at which DDC has disappeared from academic libraries has slowed dramatically since the 1960s. There is no clear indication that DDC will disappear from academic libraries completely.

Staff Nurse Decisional Involvement in the United States and Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1589-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Ugur ◽  
Cindy A. Scherb ◽  
Janet P. Specht ◽  
Sevim Sen ◽  
Lydia K. Lazzara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Staff Nurse ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this descriptive comparative study is to compare the levels of decisional involvement of staff nurses between one Midwestern health care system in the United States with a nongovernmental University hospital in Turkey. The Decisional Involvement Scale was used for data collection. U.S. ( n = 163) and Turkey ( n = 50) staff nurses were included in the study. Both samples preferred more decisional involvement than they currently experienced. However, Turkish nurses experienced and preferred lower levels of decisional involvement than the U.S. sample. Shared governance structures may be a strategy used to enhance staff nurse decisional involvement.

scholarly journals A dasymetric method to apportion tornado casualty counts spatially

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Fricker ◽  
James Elsner ◽  
Victor Mesev ◽  
Thomas H. Jagger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stock Value ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Grid Level ◽  
Broad Spatial Scale ◽  
The U.S

This paper describes a dasymetric technique to spatially apportion casualty counts from tornado events in the U.S. Storm Prediction Center's database. Apportionment is performed with respect to the proportion of damage path area and to the underlying population density. The method is illustrated with raster grids on tornadoes occurring between 1955 and 2015 within the most tornado-prone region of the United States. Validation of the results using county- and grid-level data reveals strong correlation between dasymetric estimated and location-specific counts. On a broad spatial scale the method provides a better estimate of where casualties have occurred than counting the number of casualty-producing tornadoes. Case studies using the 1974 Xenia, OH and the 1994 Piedmont, AL tornadoes highlight limitations of the method and indicate that results will be improved with more precise tornado path information. Future work that includes socioeconomic variables (demographics, ethnicity, poverty and housing stock/value) might allow populations to be profiled with regards to vulnerability.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-838
Author(s):  
R. J. H.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Family Practice ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Letter To The Editor

We are pleased that Dr. Bloom finds the contents of Pediatrics helpful as a resident in family practice. This is what we are trying to achieve—a journal that will help those who care for children, whether they be pediatricians, family physicians, or nurse practitioners. My own view about the current conflict between pediatrics and family medicine is that we need both types of physicians. There are advantages ages and disadvantages to each profession, and the strength of our position in Canada and the United States is that we can have both types of physicians providing care to children. We hope that both groups will continue to work for the best interest of children and that Pediatrics can continue to assist them in this work.

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