Lacidipine Attenuates Symptoms of Nicotine-Withdrawal in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Khurana ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Nitin Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Brain Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Withdrawal Signs ◽  
Nitrite Content

Abstract Nicotine-withdrawal after daily exposure manifests somatic and affective symptom including a range of cognitive deficits. Earlier studies suggested participation of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) in development of nicotine dependence and expression of withdrawal signs. An upsurge in Ca2+-induced oxidative stress in brain underlies the biochemical events and behavioral signs of nicotine-withdrawal. The present study is aimed to explore the effects of lacidipine (LTCC antagonist) against nicotine-withdrawal. Swiss albino mice were administered (−)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate (3.35 mg/kg, t.i.d.) from day 1 to 7 and alongside lacidipine (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) given from day 1 to 14. Somatic withdrawal signs were noted 48 h after last dose of nicotine. Bay-K8644 (LTCC agonist) was administered in mice subjected to nicotine-withdrawal and lacidipine (3 mg/kg) treatments. Behavioral tests of memory, anxiety, and depression were conducted on day 13 and 14 to assess the effects of lacidipine on affective symptoms of nicotine-withdrawal. Biomarkers of oxido-nitrosative were quantified in the whole brain. Nicotine-withdrawal significantly enhanced somatic signs and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and memory impairment in mice. Lacidipine (1 and 3 mg/kg) attenuated nicotine-withdrawal induced somatic symptoms and also ameliorated behavioral abnormalities. Nicotine-withdrawal triggered an upsurge in brain lipid peroxidation, total nitrite content, and decline in antioxidants and these effects were attenuated by lacidipine. Bay-K8644 significantly abolished improvement in somatic and affective symptoms, and antioxidant effects by lacidipine in mice subjected to nicotine-withdrawal. Lacidipine mitigated nicotine-withdrawal triggered somatic and affective symptoms owing to decrease in brain oxido-nitrosative stress.

scholarly journals Psychological and Behavioral Impact of Lockdown and Quarantine Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents and Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Kumar Panda ◽  
Juhi Gupta ◽  
Sayoni Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Rishi Kumar ◽  
Ankit Kumar Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background During the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, psychological problems like anxiety, depression, irritability, mood swings, inattention and sleep disturbance are fairly common among quarantined children in several studies. A systematic review of these publications to provide an accurate burden of these psychiatric/behavioral problems is needed for planning mitigating measures by the health authorities. Methods Different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, medRxiv and bioRxiv) were searched for articles describing psychological/behavioral complications in children/adolescents with/without pre-existing behavioral abnormalities and their caregivers related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Only original articles with/without comparator arms and a minimum sample size of 50 were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate of various psychological/behavioral problems was calculated using a random-effect meta-analysis. Results Fifteen studies describing 22 996 children/adolescents fulfilled the eligibility criteria from a total of 219 records. Overall, 34.5%, 41.7%, 42.3% and 30.8% of children were found to be suffering from anxiety, depression, irritability and inattention. Although the behavior/psychological state of a total of 79.4% of children was affected negatively by the pandemic and quarantine, at least 22.5% of children had a significant fear of COVID-19, and 35.2% and 21.3% of children had boredom and sleep disturbance. Similarly, 52.3% and 27.4% of caregivers developed anxiety and depression, respectively, while being in isolation with children. Conclusion Anxiety, depression, irritability, boredom, inattention and fear of COVID-19 are predominant new-onset psychological problems in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with pre-existing behavioral problems like autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have a high probability of worsening of their behavioral symptoms.

Antioxidant Effects of Chalcones during the Inflammatory Response: An Overall Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaise Martins ◽  
Bruno M. Fonseca ◽  
Irene Rebelo
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

: Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are produced physiologically by several mechanisms, especially during the inflammatory response. However, their overproduction can lead to the evolution of conditions known as oxidative/nitrosative stress, resulting in the establishment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Chalcones are considered as a class of flavonoids having the molecular pattern 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one. In the last few years, the antioxidant property of chalcones has been extensively studied, mainly due to their ability to inhibit the production or scavenging ROS/RNS. The present review demonstrated and discussed the antioxidant activity of chalcones, focusing on the production of ROS/RNS during the inflammatory response. This literature revision was based on the modulatory effects of chalcones against different enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and, in the scavenging of ROS/RNS. Whenever possible, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was established. Through the analysis accomplished in this review, it can be observed that the presence of substituents, e.g., hydroxyl, methoxyl, prenyl, and halogen atoms in the chalcones scaffold, often occurs and can improve their modulatory activities, namely, in the production of ROS/RNS during the inflammatory response.

Anxiety, Depression, Psychological Symptoms, Negative Effects, and Other Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifdil Ifdil ◽  
Rima Pratiwi Fadli ◽  
Itsar Bolo Rangka ◽  
Kadek Suranata ◽  
Dominikus David Biondi Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Serotonin mediates beneficial effects of Hypericum perforatum on nicotine withdrawal signs

Phytomedicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mannucci ◽  
A. Pieratti ◽  
F. Firenzuoli ◽  
A.P. Caputi ◽  
G. Calapai
Keyword(s):  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

Inverse agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor reduce nicotine withdrawal signs in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
pp. 134524 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Malin ◽  
Mallori Henceroth ◽  
Gadam Srinivas Rao ◽  
Joseph Campbell ◽  
Jian-Nong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Inverse Agonists ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

scholarly journals Activation of AMPK by metformin improves withdrawal signs precipitated by nicotine withdrawal

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4282-4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Brynildsen ◽  
Bridgin G. Lee ◽  
Isaac J. Perron ◽  
Sunghee Jin ◽  
Sangwon F. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Multiple Health ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, with more persons dying from nicotine addiction than any other preventable cause of death. Even though smoking cessation incurs multiple health benefits, the abstinence rate remains low with current medications. Here we show that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hippocampus is activated following chronic nicotine use, an effect that is rapidly reversed by nicotine withdrawal. Increasing pAMPK levels and, consequently, downstream AMPK signaling pharmacologically attenuate anxiety-like behavior following nicotine withdrawal. We show that metformin, a known AMPK activator in the periphery, reduces withdrawal symptoms through a mechanism dependent on the presence of the AMPKα subunits within the hippocampus. This study provides evidence of a direct effect of AMPK modulation on nicotine withdrawal symptoms and suggests central AMPK activation as a therapeutic target for smoking cessation.

Protective effects of forced exercise against nicotine-induced anxiety, depression and cognition impairment in rat

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Motaghinejad ◽  
Sulail Fatima ◽  
Morteza Karimian ◽  
Saeid Ganji
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cognition Impairment ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractNicotine is one of the psychostimulant agents displaying parasympathomimetic activity; the chronic neurochemical and behavioral effects of nicotine remain unclear. Exercise lowers stress and anxiety and can act as a non-pharmacologic neuroprotective agent. In this study, the protective effects of exercise in nicotine withdrawal syndrome-induced anxiety, depression, and cognition impairment were investigated.Seventy adult male rats were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 served as negative control and received normal saline (0.2 mL/rat, i.p.) for 30 days, whereas group 2 (as positive control) received nicotine (6 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for the first 15 days. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with nicotine (6 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for the first 15 days and then were treated with forced exercise, bupropion (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.), or a combination of the two for the following 15 days. Between day 25 and day 30, Morris water maze was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. From days 31 to 35, the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) were used to investigate the level of anxiety and depression in the subjects.Nicotine-dependent animals indicated a reflective depression and anxiety in a dose-dependent manner in FST, EPM, and TST, which were significantly different from the control group and also can significantly attenuate the motor activity and anxiety in OFT.Forced exercise, bupropion, or their combination can attenuate nicotine cessation-induced anxiety, depression, and motor activity in the mentioned behavioral assay. We conclude that forced exercise can protect the brain against nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, depression, and cognitive alteration.

scholarly journals Instant messaging application for the care of people living with HIV/aids

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166
Author(s):  
Ivana Cristina Vieira de Lima ◽  
Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão ◽  
Samyla Citó Pedrosa ◽  
Odaleia Oliveira Farias ◽  
Camila Aparecida Costa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess a specific instant messaging application as a tool of care for people living with HIV/aids, based on analysis of the interactions between nurse and patients. Method: Descriptive, quantitative study with 102 patients from two outpatient infectious disease clinics of Fortaleza, Ceará. During four months, participants received a message every 15 days, totaling eight messages, regarding: adherence to antiretroviral therapy; physical activity; social support; self-esteem; anxiety/depression; eating habits; alcohol and drugs; and sexuality. Results: There were 816 interactions, especially for dialogs about performing physical activity (27.87%), sharing of signs and symptoms (18.03%), report of engagement with treatment (9.84%) and requests of information on the intake of medicine (9.84%). Most participants showed satisfaction with the follow-up, with willingness to continue receiving messages (90.58%). Conclusion: The use of this application is a viable strategy to improve care for people with HIV by promoting instant communication.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF STHAULYA BY TRIKATU CHURNA

2020 ◽  
Vol p4 (05) ◽  
pp. 2382-2388
Author(s):  
Ankur Saxena ◽  
Sunil K Gupta ◽  
Jolly Saxena ◽  
Niranjan S
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Positive Results

Sthaulya / Atisthaulya in Ayurveda comes under the heading of Medoroga which results due to dysfunc-tion of Meda Dhatvagni (factor responsible for nourishment / metabolism of Meda dhatu) and in modern parlance it is equated with Obesity due to its close similarities. It is the main cause for so many complica-tions like Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Osteoarthritis, Infertility, Impotency etc. as well as psychologi-cal disturbances like anxiety, depression etc. Thus, the mortality and morbidity rate were high in obese per-sons compared to others. This shows the importance of the need for further researches of effective measures in the management of Sthaulya. Hence in the present study a clinical trial was carried out with Trikatu Churna in the management of Sthaulya (obesity) for 30 days. 30 patients were selected with diag-nosis of Sthaulya out of which 24 completed the treatment. The study concluded with the positive results of Trikatu churna in reducing the signs and symptoms of Sthaulya.

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