scholarly journals Recent invasion and eradication of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from tropical greenhouses in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Schuler ◽  
Radosław Witkowski ◽  
Bart van de Vossenberg ◽  
Björn Hoppe ◽  
Moritz Mittelbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mitochondrial Clade ◽  
Considerable Damage

Abstract Ambrosia beetles of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex are emerging tree pests with a broad host range including important agricultural crops. Native to Southeast Asia, these species were introduced into various countries, where they cause considerable damage to many tree species. Here we report several outbreaks of E. fornicatus s.l. in Europe. The first individuals were found in 2017 in a palm house of a botanical garden in Poznan (Poland) whereas in 2020 an outbreak was detected in a tropical greenhouse in Merano (Italy). In 2021, two additional outbreaks were detected in two greenhouses in Germany, in Erfurt and Berlin. For the latter cases it was possible to trace back the invasion to a distributor of exotic plants in the Netherlands where several infected plants were detected. Molecular analysis show that individuals from Poland and Italy are genetically identical but belong to a different mitochondrial clade than individuals in Germany which are identical to most individuals of two greenhouses in the Netherlands. Moreover, in the two greenhouses in the Netherlands we found beetles that belong to another haplotype of E. fornicatus and two haplotypes of E. perbrevis , a species in the E. fornicatus complex, which has not been previously intercepted in Europe. Our study provides novel insights into the invasion history of E. fornicatus and the first eradication measures in Europe. Considering the high potential of introduction and establishment of Euwallacea ambrosia beetles, particular attention should be paid to monitor the presence of these pests in greenhouses across Europe.

scholarly journals Recent invasion and eradication of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from tropical greenhouses in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Schuler ◽  
Radosław Witkowski ◽  
Bart van de Vossenberg ◽  
Björn Hoppe ◽  
Moritz Mittelbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mitochondrial Clade ◽  
Considerable Damage

Abstract Ambrosia beetles of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex are emerging tree pests with a broad host range including important agricultural crops. Native to Southeast Asia, these species were introduced into various countries, where they cause considerable damage to many tree species. Here we report several outbreaks of E. fornicatus s.l. in Europe. The first individuals were found in 2017 in a palm house of a botanical garden in Poznan (Poland) whereas in 2020 an outbreak was detected in a tropical greenhouse in Merano (Italy). In 2021, two additional outbreaks were detected in two greenhouses in Germany, in Erfurt and Berlin. For the latter cases it was possible to trace back the invasion to a distributor of exotic plants in the Netherlands where several infected plants were detected. Molecular analysis show that individuals from Poland and Italy are genetically identical but belong to a different mitochondrial clade than individuals in Germany which are identical to most individuals of two greenhouses in the Netherlands. Moreover, in the two greenhouses in the Netherlands we found beetles that belong to another haplotype of E. fornicatus and two haplotypes of E. perbrevis, a species in the E. fornicatus complex, which has not been previously intercepted in Europe. Our study provides novel insights into the invasion history of E. fornicatus and the first eradication measures in Europe. Considering the high potential of introduction and establishment of Euwallacea ambrosia beetles, particular attention should be paid to monitor the presence of these pests in greenhouses across Europe.

scholarly journals Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gugliuzzo ◽  
Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽  
Daniel Carrillo ◽  
Louela A. Castrillo ◽  
James P. Egonyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽  
History Of

AbstractWe provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.

scholarly journals Species delimitation and invasion history of the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges ( Dreyfusia ) piceae (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Adelgidae), species complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Havill ◽  
Brian P. Griffin ◽  
Jeremy C. Andersen ◽  
Robert G. Foottit ◽  
Mathias J. Justesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
History Of

Haemostatic Parameters and Lifestyle Factors in Elderly Men in Italy and The Netherlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransje C H Bijnen ◽  
Edith J M Feskens ◽  
Simona Giampaoli ◽  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
Flaminio Fidanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
History Of

SummaryThe association between plasma fibrinogen, factor VII, factor X, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin III and the lifestyle factors cigarette smoking, alcohol use, fat intake and physical activity was assessed in 802 men aged 70-90 years in Zutphen (The Netherlands), Montegiorgio and Crevalcore (Italy).Smoking was positively associated with fibrinogen, also after adjustment for other lifestyle factors, age, use of anticoagulants and aspirin like drugs, body mass index, and history of myocardial infarction. Alcohol use was associated with increased levels of factor X and decreased levels of antithrombin III. Fat intake was positively associated with antithrombin III. Between cohorts, considerable differences were observed in levels of haemostatic parameters and the lifestyle factors. Compared to the mediterranean cohorts the Zutphen cohort showed the highest levels of fibrinogen and factor VII. Differences in lifestyle factors could, however, not explain differences between cohorts in levels of any of the haemostatic parameters, despite the observed associations between lifestyle factors and haemostatic parameters.

The Thanatosis of Enlightenment

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Dialectic Of Enlightenment

The article analyzes methodological errors Theodore Adorno and Max Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment, particularly their incorrect use of the concepts of mimicry and mimesis. The author of the article maintains that the leaders of the Frankfurt School made a mistake that threatens to undermine their argument when they juxtaposed mimesis and the attraction to death, which has led philosophers to trace back to mimesis the desire for destruction that is found in a civilization constructed by instrumental reasoning. The author reviews the arguments of the Dialectic of Enlightenment and emphasizes the unsuccessful attempt to fuse Freudian and Hegelian methods, which exposes the instability of opposing scientific reasoning to “living” nature. Some amusing quotations from Roger Caillois, who refused to think of mimesis as something entirely rational, are also brought to bear. As Brassier gradually unfolds Adorno and Horkheimer’s thesis, he indicates the consequences of their mistake, which confined thinkers to the bucolic dungeon of “remembering” the authentic nature that they cannot abandon because they have denied themselves access to both reductionist psychological models and to phenomenological theory as such. Brassier delineates the boundaries of this trap and notes the excessive attachment of the Dialectic of Enlightenment to the human. Brassier goes on to describe the prospects for a civilization of enlightenment: a mimesis of death in both senses (death imitates and is imitated) finds its highest expression in the technological automation of the intellect, which for Adorno and Horkheimer means the final implementation of the self-destructive mind. However, for Brassier it means the rewriting of the history of reason in space. This topological rewriting of history, carried out through an enlightenment, reestablishes the dynamics of horror more than mythical temporality: it will become clear that the human mind appears as the dream of a mimetic insect.

scholarly journals Chromosome-level genome assembly and structural variant analysis of two laboratory yeast strains from the Peterhof Genetic Collection lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A Barbitoff ◽  
Andrew G Matveenko ◽  
Anton B Matiiv ◽  
Evgeniia M Maksiutenko ◽  
Svetlana E Moskalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Long Read ◽  
History Of ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Yeast Genomes

Abstract Thousands of yeast genomes have been sequenced with both traditional and long-read technologies, and multiple observations about modes of genome evolution for both wild and laboratory strains have been drawn from these sequences. In our study, we applied Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies to assemble complete genomes of two widely used members of a distinct laboratory yeast lineage, the Peterhof Genetic Collection (PGC), and investigate the structural features of these genomes including transposable element content, copy number alterations, and structural rearrangements. We identified numerous notable structural differences between genomes of PGC strains and the reference S288C strain. We discovered a substantial enrichment of mid-length insertions and deletions within repetitive coding sequences, such as in the SCH9 gene or the NUP100 gene, with possible impact of these variants on protein amyloidogenicity. High contiguity of the final assemblies allowed us to trace back the history of reciprocal unbalanced translocations between chromosomes I, VIII, IX, XI, and XVI of the PGC strains. We show that formation of hybrid alleles of the FLO genes during such chromosomal rearrangements is likely responsible for the lack of invasive growth of yeast strains. Taken together, our results highlight important features of laboratory yeast strain evolution using the power of long-read sequencing.

scholarly journals Evidence for multiple introductions of an invasive wild bee species currently under rapid range expansion in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lanner ◽  
Fabian Gstöttenmayer ◽  
Manuel Curto ◽  
Benoît Geslin ◽  
Katharina Huchler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Invasion Stage ◽  
Middle Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Colonization Dynamics

Abstract Background Invasive species are increasingly driving biodiversity decline, and knowledge of colonization dynamics, including both drivers and dispersal modes, are important to prevent future invasions. The bee species Megachile sculpturalis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), native to East-Asia, was first recognized in Southeast-France in 2008, and has since spread throughout much of Europe. The spread is very fast, and colonization may result from multiple fronts. Result To track the history of this invasion, codominant markers were genotyped using Illumina sequencing and the invasion history and degree of connectivity between populations across the European invasion axis were investigated. Distinctive genetic clusters were detected with east–west differentiations in Middle-Europe. Conclusion We hypothesize that the observed cluster formation resulted from multiple, independent introductions of the species to the European continent. This study draws a first picture of an early invasion stage of this wild bee and forms a foundation for further investigations, including studies of the species in their native Asian range and in the invaded range in North America.

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