scholarly journals The Effect of Contrast Agents on the Anticoagulant Properties of Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu TUNCAY ◽  
Selma Ari ◽  
Hasan Ari ◽  
Sencer CAMCI ◽  
Mehmet MELEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Factor Xa Inhibitors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Contrast Ct

Abstract Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of iohexol as a contrast agent on the anticoagulant activity of oral factor Xa inhibitors. Methods:The study included 65 people who underwent contrast computerized tomography (CT). Patients in group 1 were using rivaroxaban (20 patients), patients in group 2 were using apixaban (20 patients), patients in group 3 were using edoxaban (20 patients), and group 4 was the control group (5 volunteers). Iohexol (60ml) was used as a contrast agent. Two tubes were used to collect 2 ml of blood from the patients at 4 hours after the drug dose (rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) and 1 hour after the contrast CT (CT was performed 3 hours after the drug was taken). In the control group, at any time and 1 hour after contrast CT, 2 tubes of 2 ml of blood were collected. The anticoagulant properties of rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban were evaluated using anti-factor Xa levels. Results:The anti-factor Xa level was increased after using the contrast agent in the rivaroxaban group (0.66±0.32U/ml vs. 0.67±0.32U/ml; p=0.01) and the edoxaban group (0.74±0.35 U/ml vs. 0.76±0.36 U/ml; p=0.006). However, there was no significant difference in the apixaban group (0.66±0.33U/ml vs. 0.66±0.32U/ml; p=0.21) and control group (0.02±0.01U/ml vs. 0.03±0.01U/ml; p=0.33).Conclusion:The anticoagulant properties of rivaroxaban and edoxaban tended to increase significantly, but there was no statistically significant difference in the anticoagulant properties of apixaban with contrast agent. The increasing is too small so that these laboratory results need to validate with larger clinical trials(NCT04611386).

scholarly journals The effects of selenium and vitamin E on lung tissue in rats with sepsis

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Atli ◽  
Mehmet Erikoglu ◽  
Adnan Kaynak ◽  
Haci H Esen ◽  
Sevil Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2

Purpose: In this study we examined the ability of selenium and vitamin E to prevent sepsis-induced changes in lung tissue. Methods: Fifty rats were divided into five groups: Group 1: Control group; Group 2: Sepsis group. In this group only cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) was performed. Group 3: Selenium group. An intraperitoneal dose of 100 µg selenium was given for the first two days followed by a daily dose of 40 µg for the next five days. CLP was performed the following day. Group 4: Selenium and vitamin E group. In addition to selenium, vitamin E was given intramuscularly in a dose of 250 mg/kg/day for seven days. CLP was performed the following day. Group 5: Vitamin E group. Vitamin E was given intramuscularly in a dose of 250 mg/kg/day for seven days. CLP was performed the following day. Results: There were significant differences between Group 2 and all other groups in terms of blood gas values (pH, pCO2, SaO2), and leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP) and glutathione peroxidase levels (p < 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between groups 3, 4 and 5 in terms of histopathological changes in lung tissue (p > 0.05), but all groups were significantly different compared with Group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sepsis-induced lung tissue damage can be reduced or prevented by pre-treatment with of selenium and/or vitamin E in a rat model.

scholarly journals Effects of budesonide and probiotics enemas on the colonic mucosa of rats with experimental colitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mardem Machado de Souza ◽  
José Eduardo de Aguilar-Nascimento ◽  
Maria Helena Gomes-da-Silva ◽  
Rubens Carlos Junior
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of enemas containing probiotics and budesonide on the colonic mucosa in experimental colitis. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats with experimental colitis induced by 10% acetic acid enema were randomized to five groups (10 rats each) according to the treatment: group 1 - saline solution, group 2 - budesonide (0.75 mg/kg/day), group 3 - probiotics (1mg/day), group 4 - probiotics plus budesonide, and group 5 - control, with not-treated rats. The following variables were studied: body weight, macroscopic and microscopic score of the colonic mucosa, and DNA content of the mucosa. RESULTS: All animals lost weight between the beginning and the end of the experiment (280+ 16 mg versus 249+21 mg, p< 0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups in relation to both the macroscopic and histological score. The budesonide + probiotic group showed higher DNA content than control group (1.24+ 0.15 versus 0.92+ 0.30 mg/100mg of tissue, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Budesonide in addition to probiotics enhance the mucosal trophism in experimental colitis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dentinal defects during root canal preparation using thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium files

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertan Kesim ◽  
Burak Sagsen ◽  
Tugrul Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of root cracks after root canal instrumentation with thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files with different instrumentation kinematics. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 extracted mandibular premolars with mature apices and straight root canals were divided into five groups and used in this study. In Group 1, 30 teeth were prepared using hand K-files and assigned to control group, Group 2 was instrumented using K3XF Rotary files (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) with continuous rotary motion. The teeth in Group 3 were instrumented by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary files which make asymmetric rotary motion, In Group 4, teeth were instrumented by RECIPROC (VDW, Munich, Germany) with reciprocation motion and in Group 5, teeth were instrumented by Twisted File (TF) Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) files that use combination of continuous rotation and reciprocation motion (n = 30/per group). All the roots were horizontally sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low speed saw under water cooling. Then, the slices were examined through a stereomicroscope to determine the presence of dentinal microcracks.Results: For the apical (3-mm) and coronal (9-mm) sections, the ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive produced significantly more cracks than the hand files, RECIPROC, and K3XF (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental groups and control group at the 6-mm level (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all thermal-treated Ni-Ti instruments and hand files caused microcracks in root canal dentin.

scholarly journals ANTIPLASMODIAL POTENTIAL OF Garcinia kola (HECKEL) STEMBARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
I. T. GBADAMOSI ◽  
A. O. ADEYI ◽  
M. O. BRAIMOH
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Garcinia kola stem bark forms part of recipes used traditionally for the treatment of malaria. In view of the prevalence of malaria in Nigeria, this study investigated the phytochemical, mineral and proximate components, as well as antiplasmodial activity and toxicological effect of Garcinia kola stem bark extract against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The plant sample was screened for phytochemical, mineral and proximate components using standard laboratory techniques. Thirty five mice were divided into seven groups of five mice each. Malaria was induced in all the groups intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of infected blood containing about 107 of P. berghei parasitized red blood cells, except group 6 (extract only) and group 7 (normal control). Group 1 received 100 mg/kg bodyweight of the extract orally. Group 2 received 200 mg/kg of the extract. Group 3 received 300 mg/kg of the extract. Group 4 received 5 mg/kg of chloroquine. Group 5 (induced but untreated control). The haematology, liver function enzymes and histopathology of the liver were carried out using standard protocols.  The plant was rich in alkaloids, iron and fibre. The extract treated groups (1-3) showed significant decrease (p≤0.05) in parasitemia level after seven days of treatment. There was no significant difference in AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and GGT activities in all the extract treated groups compared to the control. No pathological changes were evident in histopathology of all the groups treated with various concentration of the extract. The result obtained from this study confirmed the antiplasmodial activity of methanol extract of G. kola stem bark. The highest inhibition of P. berghie parasite was observed at dose 300 mg/kg comparable to chloroquine, with no hepatoxicity which confirmed the safety of G. kola. The phytochemicals and nutritional components could be responsible for the observed antiplasmodial activity of the plant.    

scholarly journals EVALUATION THE ROLE OF VITAMIN C AS A RADIATION PROTECTIVE AGENT USING γ-H2AX FOR SIGNALING OF DNA DAMAGE ON IRRADIATED MICE TESTIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ekhlas A ALANI ◽  
Mustafa S ALMUSAWI ◽  
Amar H MAHDI
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

An interesting feature of ionizing radiation, especially Gamma and X-rays as a DNA damaging factor is the range of lesions it induces. γ-H2AX foci are documented to represent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as a biomarker for radiation-induced damage. Study design 42 adult male mice Albino BALB/c, had been divided randomly into 6 groups of seven mice each. Group 1 received a standard saline solution untreated also, do not expose to radiation. Group 2 mice received vitamin C (VC) (200 mg/kg.day) intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injected for 8 days without radiation. Group 3 control was exposed to γ-radiation. Group 4 control was exposed to X-ray radiation. Group 5 mice had been administrated with vitamin C in the identical dose of group 2 for 8 days, then exposed to (4 Gy) of γ-ray. Group 6 was administrated with vitamin dose in the same above and the same period, then exposed to (4 Gy) of X-ray. All groups had been sacrificed by cervical dislocation at (1, 3, and 24 h). Post radiation testis mice tissues were collected. A significant difference (P 0.05) between the group of vitamin C and with a control group exposed to both (γ, X-rays) in foci forming, but there is no significant difference (P 0.05) between γ and X- rays for the control and vitamin C groups. The results demonstrate that vitamin C is a good radioprotective agent for testis mice tissues; the effect of (γ and X-rays) had almost the same results on the mice testicle tissues with the same dose.

scholarly journals Er:YAG Laser for Brackets Bonding: A SEM Study after Debonding

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ierardo ◽  
G. Di Carlo ◽  
F. Petrillo ◽  
V. Luzzi ◽  
I. Vozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background. The introduction of Er:YAG laser in dentistry for ablation of hard tissues advocated an alternative method of enamel etching for orthodontics purpose.Materials and Methods. 55 extracted human third molars were inserted in acrylic resin blocks and divided into five groups of 11 teeth. Group 1 was treated with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds. Group 2 was treated with laser irradiation (Er:YAG Fidelius III, Fotona, Slovenia) at 80 mJ and 4 Hz. Group 3 underwent laser treatment (80 mJ, 4 Hz), followed by 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds. The teeth in Group 4 were treated with laser at 40 mJ and 10 Hz. The teeth in Group 5 were treated with laser (40 mJ, 10 Hz), followed by 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds. The adhesive remnant index was determined after debonding.Results. Kruskas-Wallis test showed that location parameters (median and mean) are significantly different between Groups 2 and 4 when compared with control group; on the contrary no significant difference was detected between Groups 3 and 5 with the controls.Conclusion. The use of Er:YAG laser alone, as in Groups 2 and 4, showed no significant advantages over phosphoric acid in the bonding procedure for orthodontics brackets.

scholarly journals A Controlled Oximetric Evaluation of Inhalational, Opioid and Epidural Analgesia in Labour

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zelcer ◽  
H. Owers ◽  
J. D. Paull
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Physiological Changes In Pregnancy

The effects on patient oxygenation of nitrous oxide, narcotic and epidural analgesia in labour were evaluated using pulse oximetry. Five groups of ten patients received either no analgesia (Control, Group I), an epidural block alone (Group 2), nitrous oxide in oxygen alone (Group 3), intramuscular pethidine (Group 4), or nitrous oxide in oxygen combined with intramuscular pethidine (Group 5). Derived parameters included the maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), average maximum (AV MAX), and average minimum (AV MIN) arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (Sao2), and differences between maxima and minima (MAX-MIN). There was a statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 5 for MIN, AV MIN and MAX-MIN SaO2 (P < 0.05). All other groups showed no significant difference in any parameter when compared with the control group. The results are discussed with reference to normal and disordered maternal physiological changes in pregnancy. It is suggested that nitrous oxide should not be used for analgesia in labour where there is concern about maternal, placental or foetal reserve.

Utilization and Laboratory Monitoring of Andexanet Alfa Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Bleeding Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S18
Author(s):  
Zahra Alipour ◽  
Ronald Jackups
Keyword(s):  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Factor Xa Inhibitors ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Laboratory Monitoring ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Andexanet Alfa

Abstract Introduction Andexanet alfa, a reversal agent for factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in May 2018 for patients with life-threatening bleeding. It acts by competing with endogenous factor Xa to block anticoagulant activity. Intravenous administration rapidly reduces anti-factor Xa activity. Because andexanet became available only recently, there is high potential for inappropriate use. Our objective was to investigate utilization and laboratory monitoring of andexanet in our hospital system in order to improve utilization. Methods This is a retrospective study with review of charts in the electronic medical record from April 2019 to February 2020. Charts were reviewed for the time of andexanet administration, anti-factor Xa testing before and after administration, turnaround time (TAT) for anti-factor Xa testing, and patient’s status after treatment. Results We identified 33 patients who received andexanet in our hospital system. Intracranial hemorrhage was the most common clinical symptom. Of 33 patients, 12 patients (36%) expired, one transferred to hospice, 18 (55%) were discharged alive, and two recent cases are alive awaiting disposition. Only 12 patients (36%) had anti-factor Xa testing performed prior to administration of andexanet, with one additional patient receiving testing only after administration. Factor Xa activity was misordered for anti-factor Xa in one patient. TAT for anti-factor Xa in these patients ranged from 25–112 minutes, with median 35.5 minutes. Of the 12 patients who had anti-factor Xa testing prior to administration, 4 expired and 8 survived. Pre-administration anti-factor Xa activity was significantly lower in patients who expired than in patients who survived (0.3 vs. 1.8 IU/ml, P value = 0.02). Conclusion Currently, anti-factor Xa testing is not ordered for most patients receiving andexanet alfa in our hospital system. Although not necessary for dosing decisions, anti-factor Xa testing may be useful prior to administration to identify patients unlikely to benefit from anticoagulant reversal. Despite a small sample size, there was a statistically significant difference in anti-factor Xa activity by patient outcome, suggesting that andexanet may be unhelpful in patients with low anti-factor Xa activity. Based on these findings, we are building an electronic order set to facilitate proper administration of this medication.

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽  
Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽  
Maher Saber Owain ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

Clinical-Reported Outcomes Of Deferoxamine Versus Deferasirox In The Treatment Of Homozygous BetaThalassemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Mustafa Basil ◽  
Nasih A Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Group 2

Iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO),the current standard for the treatment of iron overload in patients with betathalassemia,requires regular subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. This can lead to reduced quality of life and poor adherence,resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassemia. Deferasirox (DFX) is an orally administered iron chelator that has been approved for use in many countries. The requirement of an effective,well tolerated iron chelator with a less demanding mode of administration has led to the development of deferasirox. The present study was aimed to compare the satisfaction and compliance with deferoxamine versus deferasirox (Exjade®),a novel oral iron chelator in patients with transfusion - dependent beta- thalassemia. A cross-sectional,single-center investigation study was carried out in the Thalassemia Center of Ibn-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh province,Iraq. One hundred and eight thalassemic patients aged between 2- 20 years old having received multiple blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml. Patients were randomised into two groups. Group 1 received deferoxamine at a dose of 20-50mg/kg/day and group 2 received deferasirox at the dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Another 56 apparently healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The assessment of chelation was done during the period between November 2013 and February 2014 by measurement of serum ferritin. Satisfaction and compliance was assessed by using a special questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Out of the 108 thalassemic patients enrolled there was no discontinuation in treatment with the two drugs under study. The serum ferritin did not change significantly in any of the chelation groups. In comparison with the patients who were treated with DFO,those receiving DFX reported a significantly higher rate of compliance and satisfaction (P < 0.05). However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding their satisfaction (P > 0.05).Compliance with deferasirox (50 %) was more than that with deferoxamine (20 %). Satisfaction with deferoxamine was significantly lower than deferasirox (p= 0.00).

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