scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Emwodew ◽  
Binyam Tariku ◽  
Getanew Aschalew ◽  
Elias Seid ◽  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Childhood Stunting

Abstract Background: Childhood stunting is a major challenge to the growth and development of nations by affecting millions of children across the world. Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in reducing stunting, the prevalence of stunting is still one of the highest in the world. This study aims to investigate the spatial variation and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 4,971 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord statistics tool has been used to identify areas with high and low hotspots of stunting. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting was found to be 36.86% in Ethiopian under-five children. Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors determined the odds childhood stunting among under-five children. Children in the age group between 24–35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: (3.04–4.59)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.55; 95%CI: (0.38–0.82)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 2; 95 % CI: (1.46–2.73)]. Children living in Tigray (AOR =3.64; 95 % CI: 2.17–6.11), Afar (AOR 2.02; 95 % CI 1.19-3.39), Amhara (AOR =2.29; 95 % CI: 1.37–3.86), Benishangul Gumz (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.10-3.17) and Harari (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.17-3.25) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to children living in Addis Ababa.Conclusion: This study showed that both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of childhood stunting. Improving maternal education, improving the economic status of households, improving age-specific child feeding practice, and providing additional resources to regions with high hotspots of childhood stunting are recommended.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Stunting and Its Associated Factors Among Under-five Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet ◽  
Binyam Tariku Seboka ◽  
Getanew Aschalew Tesfa ◽  
Elias Seid ◽  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
P Value ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The World

Abstract Background: Childhood stunting is a major challenge to the growth and development of nations by affecting millions of children across the world. Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in reducing stunting, the prevalence of stunting is still one of the highest in the world. This study aimed to assess the spatial variation and factors associated with stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The Getis-Ord statistics tool has been used to identify areas with high and low hotspots of stunting. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) at p-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.Results: The result of this study shows that about 37% of under-five children were stunted. Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of Ethiopia. Children in the age group between 24–35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: (3.04–4.59)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.55; 95%CI: (0.38–0.82)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 2; 95 % CI: (1.46–2.73)]. Children living in Tigray (AOR =3.64; 95 % CI: 2.17–6.11), Afar (AOR 2.02; 95 % CI 1.19-3.39), Amhara (AOR =2.29; 95 % CI: 1.37–3.86), Benishangul Gumz (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.10-3.17) and Harari (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.17-3.25) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to children living in Addis Ababa.Conclusion: This study showed that both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of stunting. Improving maternal education, improving the economic status of households, improving age-specific child feeding practice, and providing additional resources to regions with high hotspots of stunting are recommended.

scholarly journals A Decomposition Analysis of Inequality in Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in Iran: Findings from Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, 2010

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah ALMASIAN KIA ◽  
Sahar GOODARZI ◽  
Heshmatollah ASADI ◽  
Ardeshir KHOSRAVI ◽  
Aziz REZAPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Indices

Background: Nutritional status at the early stages of children’s lives is essential for growth and development not only in infancy but also in adult life. This study aimed to measure the inequality in malnutrition among under-five children in Iran and explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on this inequality using a regression-based decomposition approach. Methods: Data were extracted from Iran's Multiple-Indicator Demographic and Health Survey 2010. The concentration index of stunting, underweight, and wasting were applied in order to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in child malnutrition. Moreover, the concentration indices were decomposed to understand the contribution of socioeconomic variables in childhood malnutrition inequality. Results: The obtained concentration indices of stunting, underweight, and wasting were respectively -0.177, -0.092, and -0.031. Socioeconomic inequality in stunting and underweight was statistically significant, however this socioeconomic gradient was not observed in wasting. More than 50% of the inequality in stunting and about 63% of the inequality in underweight were influenced by socioeconomic status. Furthermore, maternal education was associated with 19% and 22% of inequality in stunting and underweight respectively. Conclusion: The average reduction of malnutrition indices at the national level hides the burden of malnutrition among children in poor families. If government and policymakers seek to solve this problem, they have to take direct and targeted actions to eliminate the existing inequalities in the socioeconomic determinants associated with malnutrition.  

scholarly journals Utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets and care-seeking for fever and its associated socio-demographic and geographical factors among under-five children in different regions: evidence from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey, 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyi Thar Min ◽  
Thae Maung Maung ◽  
Myo Minn Oo ◽  
Tin Oo ◽  
Zaw Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Care Seeking Behaviour

Abstract Background Malaria is one of the top-five contributors to under-5 deaths in Myanmar. Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and receiving early appropriate care in case of fever are the core interventions to prevent malaria and its complications and thereby deaths. This study aimed to assess among the under-five children, (a) utilization of ITNs and its associated factors, (b) care-seeking behaviour among their caregivers and its associated factors and uptake of malaria testing among those with fever in the last 2 weeks. Methods This was a cross sectional study using secondary analysis of Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) conducted in 2015–2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with non-utilization of ITNs and not seeking care for fever. Effect sizes have been presented using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Data analysis was done using svyset command in STATA to account for the multi-stage sampling design of the survey. Results Of 4597 alive under-five children, 80.5% did not sleep under an ITN last night. The factors significantly associated with non-utilization of ITNs were residing in malaria elimination regions (aOR = 2.0, 1.3–3.2), urban residence (aOR = 1.8, 1.2–2.9), staying in delta region (aOR = 8.7, 4.7–12.2), hilly region (aOR = 3.0, 2.0–4.6, and having highest wealth quintile (aOR = 1.8, 1.1–3.0). Around 16% had fever in the last 2 weeks, of whom 66.7% sought care for fever and 3% got tested for malaria. Nearly half (50.9%) of the caregivers sought care from a government health facility, followed by private hospital/doctor (27.8%), shop (8.0%), village health worker (4.4%) and pharmacy (3.1%). The factors associated with not seeking care for fever were residing in specific geographical locations (hilly, delta and central plains compared to coastal region) and having lowest wealth quintile (aOR = 2.3, 1.1–5.7). Conclusions This study highlighted that ownership and utilization of ITNs was very poor among under-5children. Care-seeking behaviour of the caregivers of under-5 children in case of fever was dismal with two-thirds not seeking care. The programme should seriously consider addressing these barriers if Myanmar is to achieve zero malaria deaths by 2030.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Analysis Factors Associated With Diarrhea Among Under-five Children in Ethiopia Using 2016 EDHS Data: Individual and Community Level Factors.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekasha Demeke Getnet ◽  
Esubalew Tesfahun
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Despite numerous attempts, diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of death among children under the age of five around the world. Globally, diarrhea is the second prominent cause of death in children next to pneumonia. Every year, there are 1.7 billion children who develop diarrhea and at least 525,000 die from diarrhea. In low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia, diarrhea still remains one of the health problems due to its high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted identify factors associated with diarrhea at community (cluster) level and individual level.Objectives: To assess individual and community level factors of childhood (0–59months) diarrhea in Ethiopia by using the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health surveys (EDHS) data, 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary analysis of data pooled from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) data was used. The analysis was done using Stata version 14.2. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of childhood diarrhea. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used in identifying the association between dependent and independent predictors Result: The prevalence of diarrhea in Ethiopia based on EDHS 2016 was 11.78%.The odds of diarrhea among children reside in rural area were 1.84 times more likely to develop diarrhea (AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.52-2.16) as compared to urban dwellers. Those children aged between 13 and 24 months were 2.2 times more likely to have diarrhea than (AOR=2.2, 2.15-2.98) their older counter parts (48-59 months). The measure of variation was also assessed by using ICC, MOR, and DIC with the result of 10.08, 1.56 and 316.18 respectively.Conclusion: Our findings identified that childhood diarrhea was affected by not only individual level factors but also community-level factors. At the individual level (age of the women, number of under five children in the households, age of the child, number of family members, maternal education, and the number of under-5 children) and the community-level, place of residence were significant factors associated with childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Factors associated with nutritional status of under five children among Satar Community of Bhadrapur Municipality, Jhapa, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Sangroula ◽  
Srijana Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition

Background: Adequate feeding is basic right of human being. According to NDHS 2016, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are 36%, 10% and 27% respectively. The prevalence may be more in underprivileged community like Satar community who reside in eastern part of Nepal. This study was conducted to assess the factors associated with under nutrition of under five years children of Satar community in Bhadrapur Municipality.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Bhadrapur Municipality of Jhapa district which were purposively selected. Four wards where Satar community reside were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from research committee of Central Institute of Science and Technology College. Bivariate analysis was performed to detect the factors associated with nutrition status of children.Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were high as compared to national data i.e. 39.5%, 14.2% and 29.5% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, paternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and food frequency was significantly associated with under nutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight). Stunting was significantly associated with age of child and mother and religion. Underweight was associated with religion and weaning of children.Conclusions: High prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are due to socio demographic factors like religion, educational status of father and mother, family income and child feeding practice. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Association Between Household Air Pollution and Infant and Child Mortality in Myanmar: Evidence From The First Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Rakibul M Islam ◽  
Razia Aliani ◽  
Youssef Oulhote
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking has been considered a public health threat, particularly for women and children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited evidence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of HAP on neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality in Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS), the first nationally representative survey conducted in 2016. Data were collected from MDHS based on stratified two-stage cluster sampling design applied in urban and rural areas. The sample consists of 3249 under-five children in the household with a 98% response rate. Exposure measures were HAP (coal and biomass) and level of exposure to HAP (no exposure, moderate and high exposure). The main outcomes were neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality reported by mothers presented in rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, accounting for survey weight and cluster variation. Results: The prevalence of SFU was 79.0%. The neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality rates were 26, 45, and 49 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The risks of infant (aRR 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.05) and under-five mortality (aRR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.07-4.36) mortality were higher among children from households with SFU compared to children from households using clean fuel. When applying an augmented measure of exposure to HAP by incorporating SFU and the kitchen's location, the likelihoods of infant and under-five mortality were even higher among moderate and highly exposed children than unexposed children with similar trends. Neonatal mortality was not associated with either HAP exposure or levels of exposure to HAP.Conclusion: Infants and under-five children are at higher risk of mortality from exposure to HAP. Increasing access to cookstoves and clean fuels is imperative to reduce the risk of infant and under-five child mortality in LMICs, including Myanmar.

Geographical disparities and determinants of childhood diarrheal illness in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Atnafu ◽  
Malede Mequanent Sisay ◽  
Getu Debalkie Demissie ◽  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Childhood diarrheal illness is the second leading cause of child mortality in Sub Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Studies hypothesized that there are regional variations. Thus, the study aimed to examine the spatial variations and to identify the determinants of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods: Data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was analyzed. This nationwide survey involved 10,337 children below 5 years old. The survey was carried out using a two-stage stratified sampling design. Moran’s I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. Descriptive statistics followed by a mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. Results: Overall, 11.87% of children were experienced childhood diarrheal illness. The study reveals high-risk areas were Southern and central Ethiopia, while eastern and west were indicated as low-risk regions. Younger children were more likely to suffer from childhood diarrhea than their older counterparts: age 6 to 12, 12 to 23, and 24 to 35 months were (AOR = 2.66, (95% CI 2.01, 3.52)), (AOR = 2.45, (95% CI 1.89, 3.17)), and (AOR = 1.53, (95% CI 1.17, 2.01)), respectively. Children living in Tigray (AOR= 1.69 (95% CI, 1.01, 2.83)), Amhara (AOR = 1.80, (95% CI, 1.06, 3.06), SNNPR (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.22, 3.42), and Gambela (AOR = 2.05, (95% CI 1.22, 3.42)), faced greater risk than Addis Ababa city. The odds of getting diarrhea is decreased by 24% among households having ≥3 under-five children as compared to households having only one under-five child (AOR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.94)). The odds of children getting diarrheal illness among working mothers increase by 19% as compared to not working (AOR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.03, 1.38)). Conclusions: childhood diarrheal illness is highly prevalent among under-five children, particularly in SNNP, Gambella, Oromia, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Capacity building programs with best experience sharing and better household environment may prove effective in reducing the incidence of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Keywords: Spatial statistics, Ethiopia, under-five children, Diarrhea, Generalized Mixed Model

scholarly journals Under-Five Mortality and Associated Factors: Evidence from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2001–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Pramesh Ghimire ◽  
Kingsley Agho ◽  
Osita Ezeh ◽  
Andre Renzaho ◽  
Michael Dibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated

Child mortality in Nepal has reduced, but the rate is still above the Sustainable Development Goal target of 20 deaths per 1000 live births. This study aimed to identify common factors associated with under-five mortality in Nepal. Survival information of 16,802 most recent singleton live births from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey for the period (2001–2016) were utilized. Survey-based Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine factors associated with under-five mortality. Multivariable analyses revealed the most common factors associated with mortality across all age subgroups included: mothers who reported previous death of a child [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 17.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.44, 26.26 for neonatal; aHR 13.05, 95% CI 7.19, 23.67 for post-neonatal; aHR 15.90, 95% CI 11.38, 22.22 for infant; aHR 16.98, 95% CI 6.19, 46.58 for child; and aHR 15.97, 95% CI 11.64, 21.92 for under-five mortality]; nonuse of tetanus toxoids (TT) vaccinations during pregnancy (aHR 2.28, 95% CI 1.68, 3.09 for neonatal; aHR 1.86, 95% CI 1.24, 2.79 for post-neonatal; aHR 2.44, 95% CI 1.89, 3.15 for infant; aHR 2.93, 95% CI 1.51, 5.69 for child; and aHR 2.39, 95% CI 1.89, 3.01 for under-five mortality); and nonuse of contraceptives among mothers (aHR 1.69, 95% CI 1.21, 2.37 for neonatal; aHR 2.69, 95% CI 1.67, 4.32 for post-neonatal; aHR 2.01, 95% CI 1.53, 2.64 for infant; aHR 2.47, 95% CI 1.30, 4.71 for child; and aHR 2.03, 95% CI 1.57, 2.62 for under-five mortality). Family planning intervention as well as promotion of universal coverage of at least two doses of TT vaccine are essential to help achieve child survival Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of <20 under-five deaths and <12 neonatal deaths per 1000 births by the year 2030.

scholarly journals Factors associated with low birth weight in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Krystal Swasey ◽  
Vanessa Burrowes ◽  
Mohammad Rashidul Hashan ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in Afghanistan.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study used data collected from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015.ParticipantsFacility-based data from 2773 weighted live-born children enrolled by a two-stage sampling strategy were included in our analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was LBW, defined as birth weight <2.5kg.ResultsOut of 2773 newborns, 15.5% (n=431) had LBW. Most of these newborns were females (58.3%, n=251), had a mother with no formal schooling (70.5%, n=304), lived in urban areas (63.4%, n=274) or lived in the Central region of Afghanistan (59.7%, n=257). In multivariable analysis, residence in Central (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 6.7), Central Western (AOR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.8) and Southern Western (AOR: 4.0; 95% CI 1.7 to 9.1) regions had positive association with LBW. On the other hand, male children (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8), newborns with primary maternal education (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), birth interval ≥48 months (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8), belonging to the richest wealth quintile (AOR: 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) and rural residence (AOR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6) had decreased odds of LBW.ConclusionsMultiple factors had association with LBW in Afghanistan. Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health programmes should focus on enhancing maternal education and promoting birth spacing to prevent LBW. To reduce the overall burden of LBW, women of the poorest wealth quintiles, and residents of Central, Central Western and South Western regions should also be prioritised. Further exploration is needed to understand why urban areas are associated with higher likelihood of LBW. In addition, research using nationally representative samples are required.

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