scholarly journals May Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membranes Have Impact on Outcome of COVID-19 Hemodialysis Patients?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERKAN FEYYAZ YALIN ◽  
AHMET MURT ◽  
MEVLUT TAMER DINCER ◽  
ERGUN PARMAKSIZ ◽  
SERAP YADIGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Middle Molecules ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Dialysis Membranes

Abstract Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which is a novel type of coronavirus, may lead to high levels of expression of inflammatory cytokines. Medium cut-off membranes may make greater clearances for large-middle molecules (including cytokines) than low flux membranes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate impact of type of hemodialysis membranes on outcome of COVID 19+ hemodialysis patients.Methods: Forty nine COVID 19 + hemodialysis patients were included into study. The patients were categorized into two groups regarding type of hemodialysis membranes. Clinical data, etiologies of kidney diseases, comorbidities, laboratory and radiologic findings, antiviral, anti-cytokine treatments, and hemodialysis data were taken from medical records. Results: Medium cut-off membranes were used in 15 patients and low flux membranes were used in 34 patients. There were significantly more patients with comorbidities in medium cut-off group compare to low flux group (p=0,014). CRP and ferritin which are each surragates of cytokine storm in COVID-19, were significantly higher in medium cut-off membrane group compare to low flux group (p=0,00, 0,01, respectively).Conclusion: It may be an option to use medium cut-off membranes in hemodialysis patients with COVID 19 in order to reduce cytokine levels and prevent cytokine storm.

scholarly journals Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membranes: Can They Have Impact on Outcome of COVID-19 Hemodialysis Patients?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Serkan Feyyaz Yalın ◽  
Mehmet Rıza Altıparmak ◽  
Mevlut Tamer Dincer ◽  
Serap Yadigar ◽  
Ahmet Murt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Middle Molecules ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may lead to high levels of expression of inflammatory cytokines. Medium cut-off (MCO) membranes may make greater clearances for large-middle molecules (including cytokines) than low-flux (LF) membranes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of MCO membranes on outcome of COVID-19 patients on hemodialysis (HD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty COVID-19 HD patients were included in this study. The patients were categorized into 2 groups regarding type of HD membranes. Clinical data were taken from medical records. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Initial crp and ferritin levels, which are surragates of cytokine storm and severity of disease in COVID-19, were significantly higher in MCO membrane group compared to LF group (<i>p</i> = 0.037 and 0.000, respectively). Although there were more patients with severe disease in MCO group, there were no significant differences regarding need for intensive care unit and death. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It may be an option to use MCO membranes in HD patients with COVID-19 in order to reduce cytokine levels and prevent cytokine storm.

scholarly journals The growth factor/cytokine midkine may participate in cytokine storm and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Ketenci ◽  
A. Şükrü Aynacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Abstract Background The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly become a global challenge, creating major challenges to health systems in almost every country in the world it has turned into a pandemic. COVID-19 poses a risky clinical situation that can range from mild illness to severe respiratory failure, requiring admission to intensive care. Main body It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a cytokine storm in some critically ill patients. However, more and more evidence showed that there is a dramatic increase in cytokine levels in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Midkine (MK) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, which some of them are desired and beneficial such as controlling tissue repair and antimicrobial effects, but some others are harmful such as promoting inflammation, carcinogenesis, and chemoresistance. Also, MK is expressed in inflammatory cells and released by endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions. Conclusions Considering all this information, there are strong data that midkine, an important cytokine known to increase in inflammatory diseases, may be overexpressed in patients who are positive for COVID-19. The overexpression of MK reveals a picture leading to fibrosis and damage in the lung. Therefore, questions arise about how the expression  of  MK  changes in COVID-19 patients and can we use it as an inflammation biomarker or in the treatment protocol in the future.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 Patients Resulting from the Interaction of the Inflammasome and SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7914
Author(s):  
So Yeong Cheon ◽  
Bon-Nyeo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began at the end of 2019. COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patients with COVID-19 may exhibit poor clinical outcomes. Some patients with severe COVID-19 experience cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or a cytokine storm—elevated levels of hyperactivated immune cells—and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. This severe inflammatory response can lead to organ damage/failure and even death. The inflammasome is an intracellular immune complex that is responsible for the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in various human diseases. Recently, there has been a growing number of studies revealing a link between the inflammasome and COVID-19. Therefore, this article summarizes the current literature regarding the inflammasome complex and COVID-19.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pathology on Various Organs and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell-Based Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Arjmand ◽  
Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam ◽  
Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani ◽  
Fakher Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2, a novel betacoronavirus, has caused the global outbreak of a contagious infection named coronavirus disease-2019. Severely ill subjects have shown higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine storm is the term that can be used for a systemic inflammation leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and activation of immune cells. In coronavirus disease-2019 infection, a cytokine storm contributes to the mortality rate of the disease and can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome through auto-destructive responses of systemic inflammation. Direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with infection as well as hyperinflammatory reactions are in association with disease complications. Besides acute respiratory distress syndrome, functional impairments of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, kidneys, liver, and several others can be mentioned as the possible consequences. In addition to the current therapeutic approaches for coronavirus disease-2019, which are mostly supportive, stem cell-based therapies have shown the capacity for controlling the inflammation and attenuating the cytokine storm. Therefore, after a brief review of novel coronavirus characteristics, this review aims to explain the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 cytokine storm on different organs of the human body. The roles of stem cell-based therapies on attenuating cytokine release syndrome are also stated.

scholarly journals Preventing Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: Which Cytokine to Target in a Raging Storm?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligong Lu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Meixiao Zhan ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Hua Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Three Stages

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. A major underlying cause of COVID-19 mortality is a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm in severe/critically ill patients. Although many clinical trials are testing the efficacy of targeting inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in COVID-19 patients, the critical inflammatory mediator initiating COVID-19 patient death is undefined. Here we suggest that the immunopathological pathway leading to COVID-19 mortality can be divided into three stages with distinct clinical features that can be used to guide therapeutic strategies. Our interpretation of the recently published clinical trials from COVID-19 patients suggests that the clinical efficacy in preventing COVID-19 mortality using IL-1 blockade is subjected to notable caveats, while that for IL-6 blockade is suboptimal. We discuss critical factors in determining appropriate inflammatory cytokine/chemokine targets, timing, and combination of treatments to prevent COVID-19 mortality.

scholarly journals The Role of Hemoperfusion in COVID-19 Infection: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amirsavadkouhi ◽  
Alireza Jahangirifard ◽  
Reza Shahrami ◽  
Saeid Safari ◽  
Faezeh Feizabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Levels

The rapid expansion of a novel human infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a pandemic, affecting thousands of people world wild. Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop severe infection, which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death. Increasing studies indicate that abnormal elevation of cytokine levels in response to SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the pathological process that leads mortality of COVID-19. Thus, application of extracorporeal hemoperfusion (HP) for removal of excessive cytokines from the blood can potentially mitigate or reverse cytokine storm related complications of COVID-19. Here, we presented series of COVID-19 patients, who were treated with HP (HA 380 cartridge, Jafron Biomedocal Co, China). The medical records were evaluated retrospectively to determine the effect of HP on patients’ clinical outcome. Our results showed that HP improvee PO2 and O2 saturation in patients with severe COVID-19. After the last courses of HP, 5 out of 6 patients were extubated and transferred to the general ward with an acceptable medical condition. The following case series demonstrate the promising role of HP in controlling the consequential effect of cytokine storm following a COVID-19 infection, which could facilitate patient survival.

scholarly journals Prospective approach to manage COVID-19-related cytokine storm; an updated review on current concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e20-e20
Author(s):  
Mohaddeseh Bahmani ◽  
Lillian Saberian
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Immune Imbalance ◽  
The City ◽  
Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, caused by the novel human coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in late 2019, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Unfortunately, despite many efforts to find cures for SARS-CoV-2 disease, still the management of severe cases remains challenging. In severe forms of COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines are notably elevated (3) and reminiscent of the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). According to many studies, immune imbalance and an uncontrolled massive release of inflammatory cytokines have a significant role in COVID-19 severity and ARDS pathophysiology. Accordingly, targeting the over-activated immune system to prevent tissue damage is now one of the most noticed possible strategies to manage severe COVID-19 cases. In the present study, we reviewed studies and clinical trials conducted in this regard.

scholarly journals Functionalized Dendrimer Platforms as a New Forefront Arsenal Targeting SARS-CoV-2: An Opportunity

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Serge Mignani ◽  
Xiangyang Shi ◽  
Andrii Karpus ◽  
Giovanni Lentini ◽  
Jean-Pierre Majoral
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has caused a pandemic. There are currently several marketed vaccines and many in clinical trials targeting SARS-CoV-2. Another strategy is to repurpose approved drugs to decrease the burden of the COVID-19 (official name for the coronavirus disease) pandemic. as the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) approved antiviral drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs to arrest the cytokine storm, inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Another view to solve these unprecedented challenges is to analyze the diverse nanotechnological approaches which are able to improve the COVID-19 pandemic. In this original minireview, as promising candidates we analyze the opportunity to develop biocompatible dendrimers as drugs themselves or as nanocarriers against COVID-19 disease. From the standpoint of COVID-19, we suggest developing dendrimers as shields against COVID-19 infection based on their capacity to be incorporated in several environments outside the patients and as important means to stop transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 causes a different cytokine response compared to other cytokine storm-causing respiratory viruses in severely ill patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marton Olbei ◽  
Isabelle Hautefort ◽  
Dezso Modos ◽  
Agatha Treveil ◽  
Martina Poletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractHyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is one of the key aspects of the currently ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This process occurs when a large number of innate and adaptive immune cells are activated, and start producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, establishing an exacerbated feedback loop of inflammation. It is one of the factors contributing to the mortality observed with COVID-19 for a subgroup of patients. CRS is not unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection; it was prevalent in most of the major human coronavirus and influenza A subtype outbreaks of the past two decades (H5N1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, H7N9). Here, we collected changing cytokine levels upon infection with the aforementioned viral pathogens through a comprehensive literature search. We analysed published patient data to highlight the conserved and unique cytokine responses caused by these viruses. A map of such responses could help specialists identify interventions that successfully alleviated CRS in different diseases and evaluate whether they could be used in COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm Syndrome in Covid-19 Patients: Characteristics and Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rim M Harfouch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Critical Condition ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Global Pandemic

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a critical condition induced by a cascade of cytokine activation, characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinaemia, haemodynamic instability and multiple organ failure. At the end of 2019, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. There is a dramatic increase of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, suggesting the existence of cytokine storm in some critical illness patients. Here, we summarize the p

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