Validity of Triply Labelled Water Analysis for Energy Expenditure Measurements in Mice

Abstract The Doubly Labelled Water (DLW) method is widely used to determine energy expenditure. In this work, we demonstrate the addition of the third stable isotope, 17O, to turn it into Triply Labelled Water (TLW), using the three isotopes measurement of optical spectrometry. We performed TLW (2H, 18O and17O) measurements for the analysis of the CO2 production (rCO2) of mice on different diets for the first time. Triply highly enriched water was injected into mice, and the isotope enrichments of the distilled blood samples of one initial and two finals were measured by an Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy instrument. We evaluated the impact of different calculation protocols and the values of evaporative water loss fraction. We found that the dilution space and turnover rates of 17O and 18O were equal for the same mice group, and that values of rCO2 calculated based on 18O-2H, or on 17O-2H agreed very well. This increases the reliability and redundancy of the measurements and it lowers the uncertainty in the calculated rCO2 to 3% when taking the average of two DLW methods. However, the TLW method overestimated the rCO2 compared to the indirect calorimetry measurements that we also performed, much more for the mice on a high-fat diet than for low-fat. We hypothesize an extra loss or exchange mechanism with a high fractionation for 2H to explain this difference.

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Curcumin improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in high-fat diet-induced obese mice associated with activation of FNDC5/irisin

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2021.111263 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111263

Author(s):

Tiande Zou ◽

Shuo Li ◽

Bo Wang ◽

Zirui Wang ◽

Yue Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat

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The impact of High Fat Diet on bone: potential mechanisms

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02664f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiao Jie ◽

Yue-Zhong Ren ◽

Yi-wen Wu

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets ◽

The Impact

High-fat diets(HFD)are defined as lipids accounting for exceeded 30% of total energy in-take, and current research is mostly 45% and 60%. With a view of the tendency that patients who...

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Regional determinants of arterial endothelial phenotype dominate the impact of gender or short-term exposure to a high-fat diet

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.103 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 332 (1) ◽

pp. 142-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anthony G. Passerini ◽

Congzhu Shi ◽

Nadeene M. Francesco ◽

Peiying Chuan ◽

Elisabetta Manduchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Endothelial Phenotype ◽

The Impact

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Hydrogen sulfide reduces serum triglyceride by activating liver autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00294.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (11) ◽

pp. E925-E935 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Li Sun ◽

Song Zhang ◽

Chengyuan Yu ◽

Zhenwei Pan ◽

Yang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Mtor Pathway ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

High Fat ◽

Sodium Hydrosulfide ◽

Metabolism Inhibition ◽

Qualitative Effect ◽

First Time

Autophagy plays an important role in liver triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Inhibition of autophagy could reduce the clearance of TG in the liver. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent stimulator of autophagic flux. Recent studies showed H2S is protective against hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and noalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that H2S reduces serum TG level and ameliorates NAFLD by stimulating liver autophagic flux by the AMPK-mTOR pathway. The level of serum H2S in patients with HTG was lower than that of control subjects. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, H2S donor) markedly reduced serum TG levels of male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which was abolished by coadministration of chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of autophagic flux. In HFD mice, administration of NaSH increased the LC3BII-to-LC3BI ratio and decreased the p62 protein level. Meanwhile, NaSH increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and thus reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in a Western blot study. In cultured LO2 cells, high-fat treatment reduced the ratio of LC3BII to LC3BI and the phosphorylation of AMPK, which were reversed by the coadministration of NaSH. Knockdown of AMPK by siRNA in LO2 cells blocked the autophagic enhancing effects of NaSH. The same qualitative effect was observed in AMPKα2−/− mice. These results for the first time demonstrated that H2S could reduce serum TG level and ameliorate NAFLD by activating liver autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway.

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The impact of chronic blackberry intake on the neuroinflammatory status of rats fed a standard or high-fat diet

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1166-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Manuela Meireles ◽

Cláudia Marques ◽

Sónia Norberto ◽

Iva Fernandes ◽

Nuno Mateus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

The Impact

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Inactivation of the adrenergic receptor β2 disrupts glucose homeostasis in mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-13-0526 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 221 (3) ◽

pp. 381-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Gustavo W Fernandes ◽

Cintia B Ueta ◽

Tatiane L Fonseca ◽

Cecilia H A Gouveia ◽

Carmen L Lancellotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Similar Body

Three types of beta adrenergic receptors (ARβ1–3) mediate the sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), the key thermogenic site for mice which is also present in adult humans. In this study, we evaluated adaptive thermogenesis and metabolic profile of a mouse withArβ2knockout (ARβ2KO). At room temperature, ARβ2KO mice have normal core temperature and, upon acute cold exposure (4 °C for 4 h), ARβ2KO mice accelerate energy expenditure normally and attempt to maintain body temperature. ARβ2KO mice also exhibited normal interscapular BAT thermal profiles during a 30-min infusion of norepinephrine or dobutamine, possibly due to marked elevation of interscapular BAT (iBAT) and ofArβ1, andArβ3mRNA levels. In addition, ARβ2KO mice exhibit similar body weight, adiposity, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with WT controls, but exhibit marked fasting hyperinsulinemia and elevation in hepaticPepck(Pck1) mRNA levels. The animals were fed a high-fat diet (40% fat) for 6 weeks, ARβ2KO mice doubled their caloric intake, accelerated energy expenditure, and inducedUcp1expression in a manner similar to WT controls, exhibiting a similar body weight gain and increase in the size of white adipocytes to the WT controls. However, ARβ2KO mice maintain fasting hyperglycemia as compared with WT controls despite very elevated insulin levels, but similar degrees of liver steatosis and hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, inactivation of the ARβ2KO pathway preserves cold- and diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis but disrupts glucose homeostasis possibly by accelerating hepatic glucose production and insulin secretion. Feeding on a high-fat diet worsens the metabolic imbalance, with significant fasting hyperglycemia but similar liver structure and lipid profile to the WT controls.

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Evaluating the impact of high fat diet on pain behaviors in mice with acute burn injury

Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. S10

Author(s):

B. Menta ◽

A. Nicol ◽

J. Ryals ◽

M. Winter ◽

K. McCarson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Burn Injury ◽

High Fat ◽

Pain Behaviors ◽

The Impact

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Dietary Isoliquiritigenin at a Low Dose Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and NAFLD in Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19103281 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 3281 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Youngmi Lee ◽

Eun-Young Kwon ◽

Myung-Sook Choi

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Cellular Respiration ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

High Fat ◽

Diet Induced Obesity

Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is a flavonoid constituent of Glycyrrhizae plants. The current study investigated the effects of ILG on diet-induced obesity and metabolic diseases. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (AIN-76 purified diet), high-fat diet (40 kcal% fat), and high-fat diet +0.02% (w/w) ILG for 16 weeks. Supplementation of ILG resulted in decreased body fat mass and plasma cholesterol level. ILG ameliorated hepatic steatosis by suppressing the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes and hepatic triglyceride and fatty acid contents, while enhancing β-oxidation in the liver. ILG improved insulin resistance by lowering plasma glucose and insulin levels. This was also demonstrated by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Additionally, ILG upregulated the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in the liver and muscle. Interestingly, ILG elevated energy expenditure by increasing the expression of thermogenesis genes, which is linked to stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupled cellular respiration in brown adipose tissue. ILG also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma. These results suggest that ILG supplemented at 0.02% in the diet can ameliorate body fat mass, plasma cholesterol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance; these effects were partly mediated by increasing energy expenditure in high-fat fed mice.

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