Spatial And Seasonal Variation For Water Quality Indices of Gomal Zam Dam And Its Tributaries In The South Waziristan District, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Insha Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract This study investigated the quality of water in the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries, south Waziristan District, Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples were collected from the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries in the winter and summer seasons (n=24 in each season). Water samples were analyzed for the anions using a multi-parameter analyzer (CONSORT 6030, Belgium) and cations by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer). Water characteristics were compared and found within drinking water guidelines set by the world health organization (WHO), except turbidity. Water characteristics were evaluated for the water quality index (WQI) and sodium hazards such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (Na%). Based on WQI and sodium hazards, the water of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries were observed as good and in permissible levels for drinking and irrigation water, respectively. The winter season has slightly poor water quality compared to the summer season due to higher contamination. Gibbs’s and Piper's models showed that the water quality of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries was mainly characterized by the weathering of bedrocks. The studied water is classified as Na-Cl type and Mg-HCO3 types in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that geogenic sources of rock weathering are the dominant factor for controlling the water quality of the area.

Ecological and Geochemical Features of the Underground Waters of the Semipalatinsk Test Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
G.M. Yessilkanov ◽  
M.T. Dyussembayeva ◽  
L.P. Rikhvanov ◽  
N.Zh. Mukhamediyarov ◽  
A.Zh. Tashekova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Test Site ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

The results of the study of ecological and geochemical features and assessment of the water quality of water sources located on the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site are presented. The studied waters are diverse in chemical composition: 14 % of the samples had hydrocarbonate, 69 % – sulfate, and 17 % – chloride types of waters. On the basis of the revealed features of the elemental composition of the underground waters of the Semipalatinsk test site, decreasing series of excess of the average concentrations of elements in water in relation to the composition of waters of the zones of hypergenesis and continental salinization were constructed: U14 > Mo8 > Sr8 > V3 (hypergenesis zone), U5 > Mo3 > Sr3 > V2 (zone of continental salinization). For the groundwater of the Semipalatinsk test site, specific elements were identified, such as U, Mo, Sr and V. The water quality was assessed for the studied chemical components based on comparison with the standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the World Health Organization (SaNPiN No. 209, WHO 2011).

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur C. Shah ◽  
Prateek G. Shilpkar ◽  
Pradip B. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Present communication deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CaH), magnesium hardness (MgH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulphate (SO42-) of water samples of bore wells of forty villages of Gandhinagar taluka of Gujarat state,India. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the over all quality of water samples. The statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (% CV), analysis of variance (ANOVA),t-test, coefficient of correlation (r) and regression analysis of obtained data were carried out. The results show that the quality of water is poor and quite good for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of sodium and potassium content and at 5% in case of total alkalinity and dissolved oxygen among the four regions (North, South, East and West) of Gandhinagar taluka. The linear relation also established for each pair of water quality parameters of studied water samples.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin ◽  
Jwan Bahadeen Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

scholarly journals An investigation of some water quality properties from different sources in Pelengana commune, Segou, Mali

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Toure ◽  
Duan Wenbiao ◽  
Zakaria Keita
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract An assessment of consumer quality perception, as well as some physical and chemical characteristics of water samples sourced from wells, boreholes, and rivers in the locality of Pelengana commune, in Mali, was carried out. The World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline (or other) Values (GVs) for drinking water quality was used as a benchmark. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) alongside Duncan's multiple comparison tests for significant differences, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used in analyzing differences and correlations regarding the parameters investigated. Results revealed that the majority of the households (61.2%) regarded wells and river water as unsafe for drinking. The physical and chemical quality of water was affected by climatic season. Also, with the exception of iron (average values), the parameters studied met the WHO GVs. Based on the analyzed parameters, the quality of these different water sources is chemically acceptable.

scholarly journals Perspectives in Water Quality Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Health Organization

One can assess the quality of water by water quality index method and it is a mathematical method to evaluate the water quality based on physical or chemical parameters, using WQI one can evaluate the water quality of both ground water and surface water, while determining the WQI one can use the standards or guidelines provided by some standard organizations like WHO (world health organization), National Standard Body of India (BIS), ICMR (Indian Council for Medical Research) etc. To assign grade to the water samples under study, apart from the WQI there are some other popular techniques used to evaluate water quality they are statistical methods, multivariate statistics, neural networks, fuzzy logic and machine learning algorithms. The aim of this study is to give insight into various methods used or developed to evaluate water quality of both ground and surface water by earlier research works.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality Index of Water Bodies Channarayapatna Taluk, Karnataka Region, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Bharathi ◽  
S. Manjappa ◽  
T. Suresh ◽  
B. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water

Present communication deals with a study of Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, Total Suspended Solids, Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate and Phosphate in water samples of Channarayapatna, Janivara, Anekere and Baghur water bodies in Channarayapatna taluka, Karnataka state of India. The water quality of the samples was compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the overall quality of water samples. Water quality index (WQI) of Surface water body of various Sampling locations of Channarayapatna taluka, Karnataka ranged between 61.82 and 68.27 indicates the fair quality of water. The water quality index is calculated by indicator (100-point scale) shows that water is suitable for drinking purposes only after pretreatment like filtering, boiling, reverse osmosis and electro dialysis. WQI can play a big role in justifying the water pollution problems after encountered in different surface water bodies. Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) in this study has been found useful in assessing the overall quality of water and to get rid of judgment on quality of the surface water.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 475-482

scholarly journals Causes and side effects of changing water quality in Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Abdulamir Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
World Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Association ◽  
City Water ◽  
Health Organization

Water quality of seasonal water rivers is on a quick decline due to various human activities arising as a result of urbanization and population growth. This study assessed the water quality of the Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk during two seasons: winter and summer (wet and dry). Thirty-seven water samples were collected from eight monitoring observation points along the Khassa-Chai river during October 2019 and March 2020. Water samples were analyzed for various parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), color, and dissolved oxygen (DO). These physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standards methods demonstrated by the American Public Health Association (APHA). To determine the significant difference, all the results obtained were statistically analyzed. In most results, higher concentrations are out of the indicated permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). It can be concluded that the most domestic wastewater effluents are discharged into the river, such as sewage coming from nearby houses and restaurants in addition to the solid waste produced from close commercial stores. To reduce the negative impact on water and human health, pollution sources need to be properly managed. The paper calls for further research to figure out the ability of the Khassa-Chai river to make the use of city water in improving the environment.

scholarly journals Water Quality Index (WQI) of River Tapti-Surat, Gujarat, India

2017 ◽  
pp. 390-399
Author(s):  
Jigna Desai Desai ◽  
S.K. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Canadian Council

Water quality monitoring is an important aspect of water management concerning to the pollution control. Present communication deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature , total dissolved solids (TDS),total suspended solids (TSS), total alkalinity (TA), , total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphate (SO4), nitrate(NO3), nitrite (NO2), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metals like chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) of water samples from five sampling sites of River Tapti, Surat, Gujarat state, India. The water samples were collected at regular interval of 30 days for two consecutive years 2008-2009. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO). Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the overall quality of water samples by using Water Rating System adapted by Canadian Council for Minister of the Environment (CCME-WQI). The data were analyzed statistically to identify those parameters which are responsible for variation in Water Quality Index (WQI). To identify those parameters we have done correlation analysis, testing of hypothesis, factor analysis and regression Analysis by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). The results show that the quality of water is poor and not good for drinking or irrigation purpose. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of and turbidity, BOD, Cr and Pb. It was found significant at 5% level in case of COD.

scholarly journals Quality of water sources in Southwestern Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT): a cross-sectional descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693
Author(s):  
Richard Onyuthi Apecu ◽  
Lucas Ampaire ◽  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Fred Norman Bagenda ◽  
Afsatou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gravitational Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Compartment Bag Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of water sources in the two rural areas of Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT). In total, 200 water samples were collected from 69 different water sources and processed within 6 h of collection. Positive and negative controls were processed each day together with water samples. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Descriptive statistics were used to generate mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and percentages. The results indicated that 29% of the water sources met the National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for drinking water. Sixty percent of the borehole, 44% of gravitational flow taps and 14% of roof rain water met the required standards. Of the open water sources, 75% of the rivers, 50% of open channels and 43% of unprotected dug wells plus 25% of protected springs and 9% of gravitational flow schemes had most probable number counts >100 Escherichia coli/100 mL of water. Most of the water sources in the study areas were not fit for human consumption without prior treatment. The CBT was found to be robust and easy to use in all field situations. The mean physical parameters of water sources were within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Water Quality of the Trstionica River (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Šuhreta Delibašić ◽  
Jasna Huremović ◽  
Sabina Žero ◽  
Sabina Gojak-Salimović
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

The present study was conducted to investigate the water quality of the Trstionica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, total solids after evaporation at 105 °C), content of metals (calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)), and anions (chloride (Cl–), and phosphate (PO43–)) were determined in water samples collected at seven locations during two sampling periods: unstable weather conditions (precipitation), and stable weather conditions (without precipitation). There was a significant difference in the content of individual parameters in the river water depending on the sampling time. For determination of metals concentrations, which were below the limit of detection, a preconcentration method using an ion-exchange resin was applied. The metals concentrations during the rainy day were in the order Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn with mean values of 343, 6.03, 1.94, 0.18, 0.20, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 mg dm–3, respectively, and during stable weather conditions: Ca > Mg > Na > Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn with mean values of 288, 7.62, 2.38, 0.11, 0.10, 0.01, 0.01 mg dm–3, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were below limit of detection in both cases. Obtained values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. The results showed that the Trstionica River in the investigated part of the stream meets most of the parameters required by the regulations. The correlation between analysed parameters was assessed, as well. Based on the calculated water quality index values, the water of Trstionica River falls into the category of excellent water.

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