scholarly journals Lessons Learnt From Typhoons Fitow and In-Fa: Implications for Improving Urban Flood Resilience in Asian Coastal Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Chan ◽  
Xinbing Gu ◽  
Yunfei Qi ◽  
Dimple R. Thadani ◽  
David Yongqin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Terms

Abstract Frequent typhoons are significantly affecting the coastal cities via intensive rainstorms, tidal surges and strong wind. Natural factors such as climate change and global sea-level rise come alongside anthropogenic factors such as rapid urbanisation and land use/land cover change leading to detrimental consequences such as urban floods. This short communication offers various lessons learnt by Ningbo municipality from two strong typhoons that hit the city directly, namely “Fitow” in 2013 and “In-Fa” in 2021. On the one hand, the usage of “Big Data” and “Social Media” for bettering “Preparation” and “Prevention” reduced flood impacts significantly. On the other hand, the implementation of “Flood Insurance” speed up the “Recovery” processes. The successful “Preparation”, “Response” and “Recovery” helped Ningbo to enhance its flood resilience, and thus substantial impacts of injuries, household damages and associated economic loss were avoided. These three key terms should be heeded in typhoon/flood governance in which various stakeholders are involved with, and be incorporated into the city’s long-term strategic development plans to merge with the climate actions towards 2030s and beyond. This will be vitally important in reducing climatic hazards and improving coastal flood resilience under the future climatic uncertainties in Asian coastal cities. (196 words)

scholarly journals Lessons learnt from Typhoons Fitow and In-Fa: implications for improving urban flood resilience in Asian Coastal Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Xinbing Gu ◽  
Yunfei Qi ◽  
Dimple Thadani ◽  
Yongqin David Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Flood ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Lessons Learnt

scholarly journals A methodology to conduct wind damage field surveys for high-impact weather events of convective origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1513-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Rodríguez ◽  
Joan Bech ◽  
Juan de Dios Soriano ◽  
Delia Gutiérrez ◽  
Salvador Castán
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
High Impact Weather ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
The One

Abstract. Post-event damage assessments are of paramount importance to document the effects of high-impact weather-related events such as floods or strong wind events. Moreover, evaluating the damage and characterizing its extent and intensity can be essential for further analysis such as completing a diagnostic meteorological case study. This paper presents a methodology to perform field surveys of damage caused by strong winds of convective origin (i.e. tornado, downburst and straight-line winds). It is based on previous studies and also on 136 field studies performed by the authors in Spain between 2004 and 2018. The methodology includes the collection of pictures and records of damage to human-made structures and on vegetation during the in situ visit to the affected area, as well as of available automatic weather station data, witness reports and images of the phenomenon, such as funnel cloud pictures, taken by casual observers. To synthesize the gathered data, three final deliverables are proposed: (i) a standardized text report of the analysed event, (ii) a table consisting of detailed geolocated information about each damage point and other relevant data and (iii) a map or a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing the previous information ready for graphical display and further analysis. This methodology has been applied by the authors in the past, sometimes only a few hours after the event occurrence and, on many occasions, when the type of convective phenomenon was uncertain. In those uncertain cases, the information resulting from this methodology contributed effectively to discern the phenomenon type thanks to the damage pattern analysis, particularly if no witness reports were available. The application of methodologies such as the one presented here is necessary in order to build homogeneous and robust databases of severe weather cases and high-impact weather events.

Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) and Simultaneously Extracted Metals (SEM) in Surface Sediments of Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1213-1219
Author(s):  
Shu Qin Chen ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhao Sheng Chu ◽  
She Rong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Spot 5

At present there are few studies on the AVS and SEM in sediments of Chaohu Lake. Most of the previous studies on heavy metals based on the one time, the short-time or a local-scale survey. In this paper, [AVS] and [SEM] in Chaohu Lake surface sediments were studied for different seasons in 2007, 2008 and 2009. The results showed that: (a) The three-year average of [AV and [ΣSE in surface sediments of Chaohu Lake is 4.2μmolg-1and 2.31μmolg-1, respectively. The maximum of [AV appears on spot 5 (14.845μmolg-1) in summer while the minimum appears on spot 9 (0.13μmolg-1) in winter. (b) In spot 5 which near the estuary of Yuxi River, three-year average of [SE was the maximum (5.81μmolg-1), and the minimum of [ΣSE (0.07μmolg-1) appears on spot 8 which locates in the middle of Chaohu Lake. In spot 13 the [ΣSEM]-[AVS]=3.2>2 and [ΣSEM]/[AVS]=4.45>2.34 indicate that heavy metal contaminants from Hefei city have threatened the biosafety of Chaohu Lake. (c) The spatial autocorrelation of SEMCdis weak, which indicates that spatial distribution of SEMCdis determined by anthropogenic factors rather than sediments' own attribute. Chaohu Lake has been heavily polluted by Cd from no-point source and electronic electroplating industry.

Lessons learnt at the Met Office from the Great Storm of 1987 - a comparison with recent strong wind events

Weather ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Fox ◽  
Rebekah Sherwin ◽  
Fraser Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Strong Wind ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Wind Events

scholarly journals Bayesian Model Averaging for Wind Speed Ensemble Forecasts Using Wind Speed and Direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Sofie Eide ◽  
John Bjørnar Bremnes ◽  
Ingelin Steinsland
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Ensemble Forecasts ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, probabilistic wind speed forecasts are constructed based on ensemble numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts for both wind speed and wind direction. Including other NWP variables in addition to the one subject to forecasting is common for statistical calibration of deterministic forecasts. However, this practice is rarely seen for ensemble forecasts, probably because of a lack of methods. A Bayesian modeling approach (BMA) is adopted, and a flexible model class based on splines is introduced for the mean model. The spline model allows both wind speed and wind direction to be included nonlinearly. The proposed methodology is tested for forecasting hourly maximum 10-min wind speeds based on ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts at 204 locations in Norway for lead times from +12 to +108 h. An improvement in the continuous ranked probability score is seen for approximately 85% of the locations using the proposed method compared to standard BMA based on only wind speed forecasts. For moderate-to-strong wind the improvement is substantial, while for low wind speeds there is generally less or no improvement. On average, the improvement is 5%. The proposed methodology can be extended to include more NWP variables in the calibration and can also be applied to other variables.

scholarly journals Introduction: State capacity and elections in the study of authoritarian regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Croissant ◽  
Olli Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
State Capacity ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Analytical Foundation ◽  
Electoral Authoritarianism ◽  
The One ◽  
Regime Resilience ◽  
Key Terms

Studies of multiparty elections in authoritarian regimes have proliferated in recent years. Nevertheless, the available evidence remains inconclusive in terms of when, where, or why elections work to sustain or undermine authoritarian rule. The contributions to the special issue ‘State Capacity, Elections and the Resilience of Authoritarian Rule’ argue that analyzing the extent to which the effect of elections on authoritarian regime resilience is mediated through the factor of state capacity helps to solve this puzzle. This introduction lays out the analytical foundation for this discussion by reviewing key terms and concepts, and by highlighting possible theoretical connections between the state capacity literature on the one hand and the electoral authoritarianism literature on the other. Furthermore, it considers the contributions in this special issue, and points out areas of agreement and disagreement between the authors, while simultaneously placing the different arguments within the broader field of enquiry.

scholarly journals MAKNA ŪLŪ AL-ALBĀB DALAM AL-QUR’AN: Analisis Semantik Toshihiko Izutsu

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Eko Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Paradigmatic Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Terms

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong><em>One of the words of the Qur’an which shows the meaning of the one who possesses knowledge is </em><em>ūlū al-a</em><em>lbāb. Ū</em><em>lū al-a</em><em>lbāb is the 16 terms mentioned in 10 letters in the Qur</em><em>’an. Every verse contained in various letters certainly has a different meaning, so it requires a deep understanding. Disclosure of the meaning </em><em>ūlū al-a</em><em>lbāb will be analyzed by the author by using semantic al-Qur'an developed by Toshihiko Izutsu. The semantic of the Qur’an according to Izutsu is an attempt to expose the worldview of the Qur</em><em>’an (weltanschauung) through semantic analysis of the vocabulary or key terms of the Qur</em><em>’an. The process undertaken in this study is to examine the basic meaning and relational meaning of </em><em>ūlū al-a</em><em>lbāb by using syntagmatic and paradigmatic analysis, then to examine the use of vocabulary </em><em>ūlū al-a</em><em>lbāb in pre-Qur</em><em>’anic, Qur</em><em>’anic and post-Qur’anic.</em></p><p><strong><strong>Abstrak: </strong></strong>Salah satu kata al-Qur’an yang menunjukkan makna orang yang memiliki akal pengetahuan adalah <em>ūlū al-albāb. Ūlū al-albāb</em> merupakan istilah yang disebutkan sebanyak 16 kali yang terliput dalam 10 surah di dalam al-Qur’an. Di setiap ayat yang terdapat di berbagai surah tentunya memiliki makna yang berbeda, sehingga membutuhkan pemahaman yang mendalam. Peng­ungkapan makna <em>ūlū al-albāb</em> tersebut akan penulis analisa dengan meng­gunakan semantik al-Qur’an yang dikembangkan oleh Toshihiko Izutsu. Semantik al-Qur’an menurut Izutsu merupakan sebuah usaha menyingkap pandangan dunia al-Qur’an (<em>weltanschauung</em>) melalui analisis semantik terhadap kosakata atau istilah-istilah kunci al-Qur’an. Proses yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah meneliti makna dasar dan makna relasional kata <em>ūlū al-albāb</em> dengan menggunakan analisis sintagmatik dan paradigmatik, kemudian meneliti penggunaan kosakata <em>ūlū al-albāb</em> pada masa <em>pra-Qur’anik, Qur’anik </em>dan <em>pasca-Qur’anik.</em></p>

Conclusions

Dear China ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Gregor Benton ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
The South ◽  
International Networks ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
The One

This concluding chapter argues that the qiaopi trade was the basis for one of China’s earliest excursions into the modern world economy. The trade quickly progressed from the one-man operations of the early years to the piju formed by qiaopi entrepreneurs to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the swift growth of Chinese emigration and remittance. It eventually matured into a stable industry with its own perfected mechanisms, patched onto China’s other modern institutions like banks and the post office and linked to modern forms of communication and transport. The trade gave an impetus to other forms of transnational and domestic industry and to urban growth in coastal cities adjacent to the qiaoxiang. Initially based on networks of blood, place, and tongue, it later joined or created national, transnational, and international networks based on trade, finance, and general migration, mainly in territories around the South China Sea but also in the gold-rush Pacific—the Americas, Australia, and the South Pacific. These networks, maritime and terrestrial, were not just economic but also had deep cultural and social dimensions. Along them ran not just cash, capital, and goods but also people, ideas, and information. The flow of capital, ideas, and population between Chinese in diaspora and their families and communities in China was a key driver in the remaking of China along modern and transnational lines.

scholarly journals Scale model for the confluent area of debris flow and main river: a case study of the Wenjia Gully

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3083-3093 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
Z. X. Guo ◽  
S. Y. Cao ◽  
V. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Main River ◽  
Water Conveyance ◽  
The One ◽  
Similarity Laws

Abstract. When debris flow discharges into the main river, the deposition of debris raises the river bed, occupies the path of water conveyance and damages or even destroys buildings, resulting in considerable economic loss and possibly fatalities. Mathematical models are normally employed to compute debris flow. However, most of these models employ empirical formulae and coefficients and their results are seldom reliable. On the other hand, scale model tests associated with debris flow have seldom been conducted due to the lack of corresponding similarity laws and the difficulty of achieving the grain diameter scale. Focusing on pseudo-one-phase flow, this paper discusses the laws of similarity for the confluence of debris flow and main river and conducts a case study of the debris flow that occurred on 13 August 2010, in the Wenjia Gully, China. After satisfying the roughness scale, the kinematic viscosity coefficient scale, and the momentum ratio scale, it was found that the deposition terrain in the model test is consistent with the one in the prototype.

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