Compte rendu des matches de football dans la presse généraliste.

FR. S’appuyant sur les outils des sciences du texte, cet article s’attache à décrire la textualisation de la compétition sportive dans la presse. Pour ce faire, le corpus servant de base à la description des caractéristiques du compte rendu est extrait de la presse généraliste nationale, considérée comme une forme médiane sur les plans formels et thématiques. A été sélectionnée une compétition d’un empan sociétal suffisamment important pour être traitée dans la PQR, et dont les relations intergroupes permettent de faire jouer les logiques d’opposition structurales caractéristiques des discours sur le spectacle sportif, i.e. les parcours européens des clubs français de football. Sont analysées les 10 saisons de 7 clubs français (de 1955 à 2018), ayant atteint la finale, choix permettant de traiter de la feuilletonnisation complète de la compétition. Cette approche syntagmatique est doublée d’un traitement paradigmatique (thématiques et poétique des comptes rendus). Le corpus, travaillant les permanences, est abordé sous les angles rhétoriques (mécanismes et formes du discours épidictique, contenus topiques), argumentatifs (justification et jeux sur les valeurs) permettant de construire une macro-narration (logiques de feuilletonnisation et rappels mémoriels). La presse ne constituant pas tant un moyen de découvrir les matches, qui sont retransmis par les médias audiovisuels, qu’un lieu d’accès à leur analyse, il est montré que cette configuration donne une fonctionnalité autre au compte rendu : rééquilibrer les chances des adversaires afin de susciter l’envie de voir les rencontres à venir. En effet, le dispositif de couverture des campagnes footballistiques semble davantage être une textualisation de celles-ci qu’une textualisation du/des journée(s) du calendrier sportif. Il s’agit de mettre en place une tension narrative permettant au ressort émotionnel de jouer, comme de justifier, au regard du principe de pertinence médiatique, la narration du match. *** EN. Resorting to the tools of textual sciences, the article aims at describing the textualization of sports competition in the press. The text corpus from which we establish the characteristics of the sports accounts was extracted from national mainstream press, considered as middle ground in terms of forms and themes featured. Selected narratives deal with one championship with sufficient societal importance to be covered by the regional daily press, and whose inter-group relations bring to light the structural oppositional dynamics characteristic of discourses on the sporting show, i.e. the careers of French clubs on the European soccer scene. In order to observe the serialization of the championship, the reports of 10 seasons played by 7 French clubs who reached the finals between 1955 and 2018 were analyzed. This syntagmatic approach is coupled with a paradigmatic analysis, taking into consideration the themes and poetics of the sporting reports. The corpus, building on permanencies, was approached from the angles of rhetoric (mechanisms and forms of the epideictic discourse, topical contents) and of argumentation (justification and play on values), allowing the construction of a macro-narrative (logics of serialization and memorial reminders). Since the sports events are broadcast by audiovisual media, the press is not consulted as a means to follow the scores. Rather, it gives game analysis details. Such a configuration gives another functionality to the reports, by rebalancing the chances of the opponents in order to spur desire of supporters to watch the forthcoming matches. The coverage of soccer tournaments seems indeed to be more a textualization of the latter than a textualization of the day(s) of the sports event. The goal is rather to set up a narrative tension which plays as much on the emotional cord as it justifies, with regard to the principle of media relevance, the account of the game. *** PT. Com base nas ferramentas das ciências textuais, este artigo tenta descrever a textualização da competição esportiva na imprensa. Para tal, o corpus que serve de base à descrição das características da reportagem é retirado da imprensa nacional em geral, considerada como mediana a nível formal e temático. Foi seleccionada uma competição com âmbito societário suficientemente grande para ser tratada no PQR, e cujas relações intergrupais permitem pôr em prática a lógica de oposição estrutural característica do discurso sobre o entretenimento desportivo, ou seja, os percursos europeus de clubes franceses de futebol. São analisadas as 10 temporadas de 7 clubes franceses (de 1955 a 2018), tendo chegado à final, permitindo tratar da serialização completa da competição. Esta abordagem sintagmática está associada a um tratamento paradigmático (temático e poético das reportagens). O corpus, ao trabalhar as permanências, é abordado desde ângulos retóricos (mecanismos e formas do discurso epidítico, conteúdo tópico), argumentativos (justificativas e jogos de valores) permitindo a construção de uma macro-narração (lógica da serialização e de lembretes de memória). A imprensa não constituindo tanto um meio de descoberta dos jogos, que são veiculados pelos meios audiovisuais, como um local de acesso às suas análises, mostra-se que esta configuração confere uma funcionalidade diferente à reportagem: reequilibrar as possibilidades dos adversários, a fim de despertar o desejo de ver os próximos encontros. Na verdade, a cobertura das campanhas de futebol parece mais uma textualização delas do que uma textualização do(s) dia(s) do calendário esportivo. Trata-se de estabelecer uma tensão narrativa que permita que as competências emocionais joguem, bem como justifiquem, no que diz respeito ao princípio da relevância mediática, a narração do jogo. ***

Kuhnian's Paradigmatic Analysis Method As a Solution of Abstract Thinking Difficulties in Social Studies

In general, the intelligence possessed by students is different from one another. The factors influence intrinsic factors, maturity, formation, interests, and freedom. In addition, environmental and educational factors also play a role in the formation of intelligence. This study aims to describe Kuhnian's paradigmatic analysis as a solution to the difficulties of abstract thinking in social studies learning. This study describes the discussion by utilizing a literature study. The research results are described in a paradigmatic analysis. Kuhn thoroughly examines each expert's thoughts and scientific works and reveals his contribution to the scientific revolution. Social studies learning dimensions are explained in the form of social action. Social studies are learning conditions of abstract thinking in the process of causality. The reconstruction to solve the problem of difficulty in abstract thinking in social studies subjects in junior high schools is carried out as follows: 1) Teaching social studies as integrative social studies, 2) implementing social studies learning using a trans-disciplinarity approach, 3) conveying that social studies learning is "advanced knowledge." 4) Applying the inquiry model, and 5) Integrating influential social studies learning.

The Importance of the Lexical Paradigm of Pretext Assessment for the Formation of a Parody

The article deals with transforming the primary text into a parody - the introduction of the paradigm of critical assessment of pretext into the primary text. This paradigm is derived using the paradigmatic analysis of vocabulary, highlighting the means of the text that form a specific system of images for the reader. Parody is of particular interest for the paradigmatic analysis of vocabulary since it refers to the so-called secondary texts - texts created on the material of other texts, already available. When creating a secondary text, various elements are borrowed from the original text, such as lexemes, phrases, etc., and lexical paradigms that undergo various transformations in the secondary text. However, a paradigm in parody is inherent exclusively in texts of this type - the paradigm of critical assessment of the pretext. A critical assessment of the pretext is extremely important for forming a parody since one of its main distinguishing features is controversial to the original text. To study the role of the critical appraisal paradigm, we took parodies of A. Ivanov on the verses of E. Yevtushenko. The study of this material has shown that the paradigm of critical assessment of the pretext is inherent exclusively in parodies and is used to form the effect of distancing the reader from the original text; pretext begins to be perceived not as a text itself, but as an object for outside consideration and criticism. The explicitly expressed paradigm of critical assessment of the pretext can also be accompanied by the paradigm of comic reduction, which forms a comic effect in parody, but this paradigm in the text is optional. On the other hand, critical assessment in the text is obligatory since it is due to this paradigm that polemic is formed, obligatory for parodic texts.

Contemporary Paradigms in the Historical Context of the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology SAS (1946 – 1989): From the Generation of Founders to the Generation of Builders

The aim of this study is to offer a paradigmatic analysis of the development of the discipline – called predominantly “ethnography” and “ethnology” in the 20th century Slovakia – in the background of the history of its development within one of the key institutions in Slovakia where research is conducted – the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IESA SAS). It is extremely interesting in our case how, in a relatively short period of its existence, the institution under study reacted flexibly to changes in the political regimes and discursive paradigms which resulted in system changes. The changes in external settings forced the institution to interact and intervene, which was reflected in different intensities of reorganisation of the internal ecosystem in different periods. On the other hand, it is also possible to observe major resilience which enabled the institution to preserve internal consistency of its processes. In the case of the IESA SAS, we can rather speak of “micro-historical temporalities” (measured approximately over a period of individual decades) in the background of more general longue dureé processes (i.e. long-lasting and global historical changes) in which work teams, specific personalities at leadership positions as well as the external ecosystem were significantly engaged. Within the history of the institution, the study also observes the life and modus operandi of two important generations, denoting them, in terms of the metaphorical discourse, as the generation of founders (1950s and 1960s) and the generation of builders (1970s and 1980s).

On implicit multiparadigmality of parallel programming

The report is devoted to the results of a paradigmatic analysis of problems, means and methods of organizing parallel computing and multi-threaded programs for multiprocessor complexes and distributed systems. Paradigmatic analysis of programming language and systems allows decomposing the complexity of the tasks being solved into autonomously developed components, assessing their similarities and differences, which must be taken into account when predicting the course of application processes, as well as when planning the study and organizing the development of programs. A variety of paradigmatic characteristics inherent in the preparation and debugging of long-lived parallel computing programs are shown. A sketch of a multi-paradigm parallel programming language for educational purposes is presented.

Tui-ukuk the Great Genius of the Kok Turks

The article is based on historical sources and aims to present Tonuquq. He was a political advisor of Qok Turkic khagans such as Kutlug, Kapagan, Bilge, a politician, the one of competent commander of Qok Turkic army, the master of steppe war tactic and strategy art. The first thinker of the Turkic world, the genius of the intellectual world, the exemplary actions and behests of our ancestor Tui-Ukuk became a great school for the next generation. Along with that we provided paradigmatic analysis of the word 'Tonuquq' by comparing its writing and lexeme in old Turkic and old chinese languages. We studied the similarities and communities of the content of linguistic units and as a result the main meaning was given.

Worldviews: overarching concept, discrete body of knowledge or paradigmatic tool?

The term ‘worldviews’ is employed across disciplinary boundaries, yet with no agreed definition it may actually obscure rather than clarify meaning. The use of the term has grown in frequency, particularly in Religious Education (RE) in England, since the Commission on RE’s final report (2018), which recommended changing the name of RE to ‘Religion and worldviews’. Response to the report has been mixed. Some fear that an introduction of worldviews may lead to a dilution of RE and overburden an already overstretched teaching profession; others welcome a meaningful study of non-religious worldviews which they view as more pertinent in the current growth of ‘nones’ (Nones’ term used for those who adhere to ‘no faith’, see Woodhead (J Br Acad 4:245–261, 2016)) in England. Teaching worldviews raises questions of selection: are all worldviews equally appropriate for pupils to study and consistent with the aims of education? For example, is it appropriate for a 6 year old to study Hedonism or National Socialism? This paper problematizes the binary nature of the debate and interrogates the usage of the term 'worldviews'. Focusing on ‘institutional worldviews’ is questionable as the role of master narratives, embedded in these, lose currency. The ‘disintegration of master narratives’, (Riessman in Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, 2008, p. 17), has led to a rise in individuals creating their personal embodied worldviews, albeit subconsciously. Rather than consider worldviews as a discrete body of knowledge that imposes on an already overburdened curriculum, I propose that employing worldviews as an overarching concept, providing a type of paradigmatic analysis for RE, may lead to a greater and more profound understanding of religion(s).

Implementation of investigation by the Indonesian national police in eradicating corruption crime

Purpose This paper aims to study the Integrated Criminal Justice System; the law enforcement carried out by the Indonesian National Police is expected to be able to realize legal values, namely, legal justice, expediency and certainty. Design/methodology/approach This research can broadly be grouped into the realm of the socio-legal research approach. The domain of law enforcement in corruption cases is related to the preliminary investigation and full investigation process. The research location chosen is at Indonesian National Police Headquarter (Mabes Polri) and Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police. The main data sources are stakeholders who are related and have the authority as preliminary phase investigators and full phase investigators. The next informants are determined by snowball technique, which consists of several informants as follows: Director of Special Criminal Investigation Directorate of Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police, head of Corruption Crime Sub-Directorate of Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police, investigators of Corruption Crime Sub-Directorate of Special Criminal Investigation Directorate of Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police, members of Commission III of the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR), constitutional law experts and police experts. The data in this research are obtained through observation activities, visual interviews, document interpretation (text) and material and personal experience. Findings The corruption cases handled by the Indonesian National Police have mostly come from information reports from the public. Based on the information report from the community, the preliminary investigation phase is carried out by the preliminary phase investigator of the Indonesian National Police in the field. In addition, a preliminary investigation and full investigation is carried out due to the results of an audit from the BPK or BPKP. Preliminary investigation and full investigation begin after it is alleged that a criminal act of corruption had occurred based on the report, complaints and information received by the preliminary phase investigator or full phase investigator from the community. In conducting the preliminary investigation and full investigation of corruption cases, based on the results of the research conducted, it is also found that the Indonesian National Police’s preliminary phase investigator and full phase investigator experience several obstacles, besides supporting factors that support the success of a preliminary investigation and full investigation. Originality/value This research is a case study in which no previous studies have used the same method in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police (Polda Metro Jaya). This paper is the result of the researcher’s research on what is described above, guided by the constructivism paradigm, the researcher applies the paradigmatic analysis to understand how the preliminary investigation and full investigation on corruption crimes by Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police act as part of an integrated criminal justice system. Through the paradigmatic analysis, the researcher then reveals how while upholding the law, the Indonesian National Police actually sought to realize legal justice, expediency and certainty.