Delivery, Feeding and Gender Differently Contribute to Infant Gut Microbiota Development

Abstract To characterize gut microbiome of the infant during the first year of life and assess the different contributions of delivery mode, feeding mode and infant gender to gut microbial development. We collected 314 faecal samples from 80 infants at 5 time points of 0, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months prospectively, and finally 213 samples completed Miseq sequencing and analysis. We characterized gut microbiome of the infant at the different phases and evaluated the different contributions of delivery mode, feeding mode and gender to gut microbial development. Delivery mode, gender and feeding mode were the strongest factors determining gut microbiome colonization at 0 months, from 1 month to 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Four genera including Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were increased, whereas 10 genera e.g. Salmonella and Enterobacter were reduced, in vaginal delivery versus cesarean section. Two genera including Peptostreptococcaceae incertae sedis and Anaerococcus were increased, whereas 3 genera e.g. Coriobacteriaceae uncultured were reduced, in exclusive breastfeeding versus combined feeding. This study indicated the contribution degrees of delivery mode, feeding mode and gender to gut microbial initiation and evolvement, and reported microbial differences induced by the different delivery mode, feeding mode and gender.

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Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Cell Host & Microbe ◽

10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 690-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 923

Author(s):

Fredrik Bäckhed ◽

Josefine Roswall ◽

Yangqing Peng ◽

Qiang Feng ◽

Huijue Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year Of Life

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Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Cell Host & Microbe ◽

10.1016/j.chom.2015.05.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 852 ◽

Cited By ~ 228

Author(s):

Fredrik Bäckhed ◽

Josefine Roswall ◽

Yangqing Peng ◽

Qiang Feng ◽

Huijue Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year Of Life

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The importance of physical treatment in children underwent craniosynostosis surgery in the first year of life

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp171222021p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 324-329

Author(s):

Danijela Pavicevic ◽

Jelena Milosevic ◽

Ivana Petrovic-Markovic ◽

Zoran Milenkovic ◽

Katarina Parezanovic-Ilic

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Period ◽

Motor Development ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Psychomotor Development ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

First Year ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

And Gender ◽

First Year Of Life

Background/Aim. Craniosynostosis is a condition that occurs intrauterine or develops in the infant period, and represents premature fusion of cranial sutures. This fusion of sutures limits the normal cranium development and leads to disorder in the phase of rapid growth and development of the brain. Creation of craniosynostoses is associated with an increased incidence of developmental delay during the breastfeeding period. Craniosynostoses are treated by surgery. The role of a physiatrist is to postoperatively assess psychomotor development and implement habilitation treatment. The aim of this study was to determine distribution of the type of craniosynostoses according to the age and gender of patients, effectiveness of habilitation treatment and to estimate the somatosensory evoked potential in the preoperative and postoperative period in children who underwent craniosynostosis surgery in the first year of life. Methods. The study was designed as a retrospective research. The data were collected from medical records of 51 children with craniosynostoses and delay in psychomotor development who underwent surgical intervention. The children included in this study, during follow-up, were involved in the habilitation treatment. Results. An early diagnosis and surgical intervention had a favorable effect on the development of motor function in children with craniosynostoses. The importance of stimulation treatment in the postoperative period was also proved for achievement of an adequate degree of motor development in children in relation to age. The results of our study confirmed the results obtained in previously published studies that the children who did not undergo surgery and start with the habilitation treatment immediately after it, had delay in psychomotor development of moderate degree. Conclusion. Habilitation treatment significantly reduced the deviations in psychomotor development of children with craniosynostoses if it started immediately after the surgical procedure.

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Prenatal and postnatal determinants in shaping offspring's microbiome in the first year of life. Preliminary results.

10.21203/rs.2.15679/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Benedetta Raspini ◽

Debora Porri ◽

Rachele De Giuseppe ◽

Marcello Chieppa ◽

Marina Liso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Weight Status ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Normal Weight ◽

First Year ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Infant Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Fetal programming during in utero life defines the set point of physiological and metabolic responses that lead into adulthood; events happening in “the first 1,000 days” play a role in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The infant gut microbiome is a highly dynamic organ, which is sensitive to maternal factors and environmental insults; it modifies its composition over the host’s lifespan and is one of the elements driving this intergenerational NCDs' transmission. The A.MA.MI (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni) project aims at investigating the possible correlation between pre-natal and post-natal factors and the infant gut microbiome composition, during the first year of life at different follow-up. We describe the study design of the A.MA.MI Study and present some preliminary results.Methods A.MA.MI is a longitudinal, prospective, observational study that includes a group of mother-infant pairs (n=63) attending the Neonatal Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (Italy). The study was planned to provide data collected before discharge (T0) and at 1,6,12 months after birth (T1,T2,T3). Maternal and infant anthropometric measurements are assessed at each time. Other variables evaluated are pre-pregnancy/gestational weight status (T0), maternal dietary habits/physical activity (T1-T3); infant medical history, type of feeding, antibiotics/probiotics/supplements use, environment exposures (e.g cigarette smoking, pets, environmental temperature) (T1-T3). A child stool sample was planned to be collected at each time and analyzed using metagenomics 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based methods. Maternal urine samples were planned to be collected at T3 to investigate pollutants exposure (Phthalates, Bisphenol A and Hydroxypyrene).Results Concerning the birth mode (cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery) significant differences were found only at genera and species levels (T0). A significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes was found in meconium of infants born from mothers affected by overweight/obesity, when compared to women with normal weight before pregnancy (T0). Regards type of feeding (breastfed vs formula-fed) the gut microbiota composition differed significantly only at genus and species level (T1).Conclusion These preliminary and explorative results confirmed that pre-pregnancy BMI, mode of delivery and infant factors could affect the infant microbiota composition at different levels.

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Infant Feeding Mode Predicts the Costs of Healthcare Services in One Region of Canada: a Data Linkage Study

10.21203/rs.2.16329/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alicia Kimberlyn Taylor ◽

Sharmeen Chowdhury ◽

Zhiwei Gao ◽

Hai Van Nguyen ◽

William Midodzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Healthcare Service ◽

Service Use ◽

Data Linkage ◽

First Year ◽

Mixed Feeding ◽

Feeding Mode ◽

Healthcare Service Use ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the association between infant feeding mode (IFM) and costs related to healthcare service use (HSU) in Canada. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in HSU and its associated costs by IFM, in an infant’s first year of life in one region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Methods Data from a prospective cohort study were linked to administrative databases to examine HSU during an infant’s first year of life. The cohort study collected information on peri- and postnatal variables, including IFM during three stages that covered pregnancy through the first year postnatally. Consenting mothers provided their infants health insurance number for a data linkage to examine HSU by the infant. Outcomes included: hospital admissions, emergency room, family doctor and specialist visits. IFM was categorized as exclusively breastfed, mixed fed and exclusively formula fed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were performed to examine the relationship between IFM, maternal and child characteristics and costs associated with HSU.Results The sample included 160 mother infant dyads who consented to the data linkage. Mothers were Caucasian (95.6%), 26 years or older (95%), partnered (97.5%), living in a household with income greater than $30,000 CAN (98.1%) with a post-secondary education (97.5%). At one month 67% were exclusively breastfeeding, 20% were mixed feeding, and 13% were exclusively formula feeding. Overall $315,235 was spent on healthcare service use for the sample of healthy full-term infants during their first year of life. Generalized linear modelling was performed to assess the effect of IFM on costs associated with HSU adjusting for confounders. When compared to exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula and mixed feeding were found to be significant predictors of the total costs associated with HSU during the first year of life (p <0.05), driven by costs of hospital admissions.Conclusions Due to the human and economic burden associated with not breastfeeding, policies and programs that support and encourage breastfeeding should be a priority for governments and regional health authorities.

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Do Deaf People See Better? Texture Segmentation and Visual Search Compensate in Adult but Not in Juvenile Subjects

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/089892999563616 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 560-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Regina Rettenbach ◽

Gottfried Diller ◽

Ruxandra Sireteanu

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Texture Segmentation ◽

First Year ◽

Profound Hearing Loss ◽

Perceptual Skills ◽

Attentional Load ◽

And Gender ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Dependent Tasks

The research concerning the visual perception in deaf subjects has led to contradictory results: Deaf subjects have been reported to show enhanced visual perceptual skills compared to hearing subjects (Neville & Lawson, 1987). On the other hand, there are indications that acoustic deprivation may produce an inferiority in all sensory modalities (Myklebust, 1964). These contradictions may be due to methodological differences: The investigators selected different conditions (e.g. attentive/nonattentive) and various samples of deaf subjects (e.g., different age, language, and aetiology groups). In our study, we tested a large sample of deaf subjects with texture segmentation and visual search conditions, which allowed us to differentiate between visual processing with and without attentional load. All deaf subjects had profound hearing loss within the first year of life. Our results suggest that the visual processing capacity of deaf children and adolescents does not exceed that of age- and gender-matched hearing subjects. Rather, deaf school children show deficits in visual processing in conditions with and without attentional load. Age (6 to 20 years), language used (oral, sign, oral + sign), and aetiology for deafness (genetic, maternal rubella, perinatal, infection in the first year of life, unknown) did not consistently influence the results. The deficits in visual processing were partially compensated for in adult deaf subjects. The performances of deaf and hearing adults in trials that could be solved preattentively did not differ statistically significantly, but in attention-dependent trials the deaf subjects were more efficient than the hearing controls. We conclude that visual compensation for deafness is limited to attention-dependent tasks and does not develop until adulthood.

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Colonization and Succession within the Human Gut Microbiome by Archaea, Bacteria, and Microeukaryotes during the First Year of Life

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2017.00738 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Linda Wampach ◽

Anna Heintz-Buschart ◽

Angela Hogan ◽

Emilie E. L. Muller ◽

Shaman Narayanasamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

First Year Of Life

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Excretion of faecal viruses during the first year of life including attendance at a day nursery in Lisbon, Portugal

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400066353 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 545-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Francisca Avillez ◽

Maria Teresa Paixão

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Oral Vaccine ◽

First Year ◽

Age Group ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Virus Shedding ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Day Nursery

SUMMARYIn an attempt to determine the frequency of virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract, the duration of virus shedding in faeces and its relation to outbreaks of illness of any kind, faecal samples were collected from children attending a day nursery at a Lisbon institution.In this study, ten children were surveyed from their enrolment at the nursery, weekly specimens of faeces being collected over a period of 1 year. A total of 459 samples were obtained. In addition four of these children were also followed-up from their first week of life to their enrolment at the nursery, 79 samples being collected during this period.Viruses were detected in a high percentage (44·4%) of these stools, including strains of oral vaccine polioviruses together with viruses isolated in routine cell cultures and by electron microscopy (EM). These viruses were detected in both healthy and ill babies.The possible association between viruses isolated in cell cultures or detected by EM and illness was examined and the results show that the asymptomatic excretion of viruses is frequent, particularly in children within this age group.

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Breast-feeding, water and sanitation, and childhood malnutrition in the Philippines

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000020496 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 195-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robert J. Magnani ◽

Nancy B. Mock ◽

William E. Bertrand ◽

Daniel C. Clay

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Household Head ◽

The Philippines ◽

Child Growth ◽

First Year ◽

Important Health ◽

Food Expenditure ◽

And Gender ◽

First Year Of Life

SummaryThis study examines effects and interactions of socioeconomic status, access to water supply and sanitation, and breast-feeding practices in relation to child growth in two provincial cities in the Philippines. Multivariate analysis identified food expenditure per head, education of the household head and gender of the child as significant predictors of nutritional status. The duration of partial and full breast-feeding was negatively (though non-significantly) associated with growth. Sanitation facilities and breast-feeding are, however, important determinants during the first year of life. Among children over 1 year of age, socioeconomic variables and gender are the most important predictors. Breast-feeding is shown to provide more important health benefits for children in lower income households. The need for further studies on the causes of gender differences in nutritional status was apparent.

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