scholarly journals Characteristics and agrarian properties of biochar derived from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust and sewage sludge for further application to soil improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Arkom Palamanit ◽  
Kuaanan Techato ◽  
Md. Shahariar Chowdhury ◽  
Khamphe Phoungthong
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract This study investigated the characteristics of biochars derived from pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust and sewage sludge, and co-pyrolysis of these feedstocks at the ratios of 50:50 and 75:25. All feedstocks were pyrolyzed at 550°C in slow pyrolysis with a moving bed pyrolysis reactor. Then, the investigated characteristics of biochar samples were determined and are reported. The rubberwood sawdust biochar (RWSB) had a higher in carbon content (86.70 wt%) and was lower in oxygen content (7.89 wt%), while sewage sludge biochar (SSB) had a higher ash content (65.61 w%) and a low carbon content (24.27 wt%). The weight losses of biochars were observed in TGA while the DTG graphs show degradation rate of biochar produced in pyrolysis specific conditions. RWSB had a lower content of Si, Fe, K, Na and P than SSB as observed by XRF. The pH of RWSB, SSB and the blends (50:50, 75:25) of biochars was in the range 8.41–10.02. High carbon content of the biochar confirms potential for its use in carbon sequestration. The large pore volumes and specific surface areas of biochars were found by SEM and BET. The available functional groups in biochars were C–O, C = C, and C–H as confirmed by FTIR. Water holding capacity (WHC) and water releasing ability (WRA) of RWSB, SSB, and the blends (50:50 and 75:25) of biochars were 1.01–3.08 (mL/g) and 1.19–52.42 (wt%), respectively. In this study, our results show that blending woody and non-woody based biochars can help address nonpoint source contaminants in environment. So, these all findings should develop as tune to parameters of thermal degradation of biomass and bio-biowaste with sustain and eco-friendly biochar production.

Effects of Starting Carbon Sources on the Carbothermal Synthesis of SiC Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 754-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hua Cheng ◽  
Di Jiang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
External Source ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Carbothermal Synthesis ◽  
The Difference

Silicon carbide (SiC) powders have been prepared at 1200–1500°C by carbothermal reduction of two kind precursors of carbonl/silica mixtures: coked rice husk with high-carbon content, and gasified rice husk with low-carbon content mixed with carbon powders as an external carbon sources. The differences in nature of carbon matter in the external source and coked rice husk, and their effect on SiC synthesis have been studied by TG-DSC, TEM, XRD and laser diffraction technique. Experimental results show that the difference in nature of carbon source may affect the formation of SiC powders. The characteristics of the synthesized SiC particles strongly depend on the characteristics of the carbon sources.

Tailoring Carbon Nanoclusters to Desired Morphologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2438-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jiao ◽  
Supapan Seraphin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Nanoclusters ◽  
Comparative Manner

The preparation and structural characterization of carbon nanoclusters of different morphologies produced by three different methods and under a variety of conditions is reported. In a comparative manner, the growth phenomena and structural properties of carbon nanoclusters are investigated as synthesized by (a) the high temperature (˜3000 °C) and high carbon-content process of the conventional arc-discharge, (b) the high temperature but low carbon-content process of the modified arc-discharge, and finally (c) the relatively low temperature (˜500 °C) process of Ni catalytic disproportionation of carbon monoxide.

scholarly journals Динамическая проводимость графеносодержащего шунгита в диапазоне сверхвысоких частот

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
И.В. Антонец ◽  
Е.А. Голубев ◽  
В.Г. Шавров ◽  
В.И. Щеглов
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Dynamic Conductivity ◽  
Static Conductivity ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractThe conductivity of thin graphene-based shungite sheets has been experimentally investigated. Direct-current measurements have been performed upon reflection of microwaves. It is shown that, at a low carbon content, the dynamic conductivity of shungite is similar to its static conductivity and, at a high carbon content, exceeds the latter by more than an order of magnitude. The data obtained are interpreted using shungite structural components.

Synchrotron X-Ray Topographic Study of the Behavior of Defects in High Carbon-Content Si Wafers during RTP

1991 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fanning ◽  
Michael Dudley ◽  
Franklyn F.Y. Wang ◽  
David Gordon-Smith ◽  
David T. Hodul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Geometry

ABSTRACTCzochralski (CZ) grown Si wafers, specially prepared with unusually high carbon content (ranging from 3 to 7 ppma), were subjected to a rapid thermal processing (RTP) treatment at 1050°C for 60s. Synchrotron white beam x-ray topography in transmission geometry was used to study defect structures in these Si wafers, both prior and subsequent to this RTP treatment. Observations of both the partial relaxation of the strain fields of precipitates and widespread nucleation and propagation of dislocations accompanying RTP are presented and discussed. Results are contrasted with those from parallel studies previously conducted on low carbon content wafers.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis for Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings from different carbon fixation and growth provenances in response to nitrogen deficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
xingtang zhao ◽  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
Hualing Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Normal Nitrogen

Abstract Background The carbon fixation characteristic of F. mandshurica seedlings from 20 provenances has been evaluated by our research group. In order to explore whether growth and carbon sequestration are related to nutritional adaptability, the foliage and roots of the annual Wuchang (WC) seedlings with high carbon content and Hailin (HL) seedlings with low carbon content which were grown in nitrogen-deficient nutrition and total nutrition were used for RNA-seq determination. Results Eight transcriptome libraries by high-throughput sequence were analysis. 1,235,174,984 clean reads and 88,655 unigenes with N50 length of 1,259 bp were obtained. Under normal nitrogen condition, 783 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WC and HL were identified, the number in foliage (669) of DEGs between HL and WC was more than that in roots (149). The number of transcription factors (TFs), hormone, and Protein kinase (PK) genes was significantly more in WC than that in HL. Compared to the normal nitrogen, 8173 DEGs related to nitrogen deficiency were identified and the number of DEGs in roots (6999) was more than that in foliage (1616). Several nitrogen deficiency-related metabolic pathways and many DEGs involved in nitrogen absorption and assimilation, carbon metabolism, hormones, transcription factors and kinases were identified. The numbers of DEGs encoding nitrate transporters, PK, TFs and hormone in WC were less than that in HL, which indicated the response of HL provenance seedlings to nitrogen deficiency was stronger than that of WC provenance seedlings. However, under nitrogen deficiency, the number of up-regulated DEGs in the WC provenance seedlings is more than that in the HL, which indicated that the WC provenance seedlings were more tolerant to nitrogen deficiency than HL. Conclusions The data showed that high carbon content and high growth rate of WC provenance seedlings are mainly attributed to the high transcriptional expression of many metabolic genes in foliage. The response of HL provenance seedlings to nitrogen deficiency is significantly greater than that of WC provenances seedlings, but WC provenance seedlings were more tolerant to nitrogen deficiency than HL. Many genes related to nitrogen deficiency were identified, which will expand our current understanding of nitrogen responses.

Dopant Activation in Boron-Doped a-Si:H and a-SiC:H by Thermal Annealing and Light-Soaking

1995 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Isomura ◽  
Yoshihiro Hishikawa ◽  
Shinya Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Dark Conductivity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Mobile Hydrogen ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTThe effects of thermal history and light-soaking are systematically studied on boron-doped a-Si:H and a-SiC:H. Light-soaking increases dark conductivity at a low carbon content but decreases it at a high carbon content. This reaction is reversible, and the dark conductivity recovers to the initial value with thermal annealing. The effect of thermal history is also influenced by carbon content in samples deposited at a relatively low temperature (110°C). The increase in dark conductivity occurs with thermal annealing at a higher temperature than the deposition temperature at a high carbon content. But this effect is not significant at a low carbon content. These phenomena can be explained by the hydrogen passivation of four-fold boron, and the hydrogen motion and trapping in the network. The present model suggests that a microstructure containing deep traps of mobile hydrogen contributes to improvement in the stability of a-Si:H and its alloys.

ALGOMA AR225

Alloy Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content

Abstract Algoma AR225 is a carbon steel developed primarily to supply a low-cost material for high-abrasion applications. It is furnished in the form of as-rolled plate with a relatively high carbon content (0.35-0.45%). AR-225 is sold on the basis of chemical analysis only; the number 225 signifies the approximate Brinell hardness. On thicknesses one-half inch and over, this Brinell value may be lower than 225 because of higher finishing temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-138. Producer or source: Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd.

Polyimide as carbon and ceramic polysilazane precursors to obtain high carbon content ceramic for high-temperature applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André V. B. Andrade ◽  
Luiz F. Belchior Ribeiro ◽  
Emanoelle Diz Acosta ◽  
Fernando J. Da Costa ◽  
Maíra D. Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Temperature Applications
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