scholarly journals Increased interleukin-6 levels in neuron-derived plasma small extracellular vesicles of subarachnoid haemorrhage patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niansheng Lai ◽  
Yang Yao ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Dayong Xia ◽  
Xintong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Sequential Precipitation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elisa Result

Abstract Background: Aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious type of stroke with high mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve theranostics of aSAH. In this study, we are for the first time to report circulating interleukin-6(IL-6) in neuron-derived small extracellular vesicles(NDSEVs) were identified to be the potential biomarkers in prognosis of aSAH. Methods: We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the plasma of aSAH patients and healthy controls and were enriched by sequential precipitation and anti-L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption. Subsequently,we determined IL-6 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Plasma IL-6 NDSEVs showed distinct pattern differences between aSAH patients and healthy controls. The IL-6 NDSEVs levels were increased and positively associated with disease monitoring and prognosis of aSAH patients. These data suggest an elevated neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients. Conclusion: The IL-6 NDSEVs maybe prospective biomarkers to indicate its progression, and thus may own great potential in applications such as prognostic evaluation of aSAH in the near future.

scholarly journals Increased Interleukin-6 Levels in Neuron-Derived Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicles of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niansheng Lai ◽  
Yang Yao ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Dayong Xia ◽  
Xintong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Sequential Precipitation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious type of stroke with high mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve theranostics of aSAH. In this study, we are for the first time to report circulating interleukin-6(IL-6) in neuron-derived small extracellular vesicles(NDSEVs) were identified to be the potential biomarkers in prognosis of aSAH. Methods: We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the plasma of aSAH patients and healthy controls and were enriched by sequential precipitation and anti-L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption. Subsequently,we determined IL-6 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Plasma IL-6 NDSEVs showed distinct pattern differences between aSAH patients and healthy controls. The IL-6NDSEVs levels were increased and positively associated with disease monitoring and prognosis of aSAH patients. These data suggest an elevated neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients.Conclusion: The IL-6NDSEVs maybe prospective biomarkers to indicate its progression, and thus may own great potential in applications such as prognostic evaluation of aSAH in the near future.

Increased interleukin-6 levels in neuron-derived plasma small extracellular vesicles in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niansheng Lai ◽  
Yang Yao ◽  
Feiyun Qin ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Dayong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sequential Precipitation ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe type of stroke characterized by high rates of mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve prognosis. In this study, for the first time, we identify circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in neuron-derived small extracellular vesicles (NDSEVs) as potential biomarkers in prognosis of aSAH.Methods We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the plasma of aSAH patients and healthy controls and enriched them using sequential precipitation and anti-L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption. Subsequently, we determined IL-6 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Plasma IL-6 NDSEVs showed distinct pattern differences between aSAH patients and healthy controls. There were significant correlations of IL-6concentrations in plasma with severity in aSAH. The AUCs of IL-6 for distinguishing the severe aSAH patients from mild aSAH patients were 0.961. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, only age, acute hydrocephalus,and the levels of IL-6 NDSEVs enabled prediction of neurological outcome at 1 year. The IL-6 NDSEVs levels were greater and positively associated with disease and prognosis of aSAH patients.Conclusions These data suggest a neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients. IL-6 NDSEVs may be a biomarkers to monitor the progression of aSAH.

scholarly journals Serum levels of interleukin-6 type cytokines and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Robak ◽  
A. Gladalska ◽  
H. Stepień ◽  
E. Robak
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Interleukin 6 Receptor

We investigated the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two IL-6 family of cytokines (leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as well as IL-6 soluble receptor (sIL-6R) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 66 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 24 healthy controls. We examined a possible association between the serum levels of these peptides and RA activity according to the Mallya and Mace scoring system and Ritchie's index. We also evaluated the correlation between the serum levels of IL-6, LIF, CNTF and sIL-6R and duration of the disease and calculated sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio in RA patients and in the control group. IL-6 and sIL-6R were detectable in all 66 patients with RA and 24 normal individuals. LIF was also found in the serum of all patients with RA and in 16 (66.7%) normal individuals. In contrast CNTF was measurable only in 15 (22.7%) patients with RA and 24 (33.3%) normal individuals. The highest IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were found in the patients with Stages 3 and 4 of RA activity and the lowest in the control group. In contrast there were no statistically significant diferences between the LIF and CNTF levels in RA patients and normal individuals. We found positive correlation between IL-6 and sIL-6R concentrations and Ritchie's index and a lack of such correlation with LIF and CNTF. IL-6 serum level correlated positively with the disease duration, but sIL-6R, LIF and CNTF did not. Serum sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio was significantly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls. In conclusion, an increase in the serum levels of IL-6 and sIL-6R, but not LIF and CNTF concentrations, may be useful markers for RA activity.

scholarly journals Gonadotropins in Keratoconus: The Unexpected Suspects

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Karamichos ◽  
Brayden Barrientez ◽  
Sarah Nicholas ◽  
Symon Ma ◽  
Lyly Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Corneal Disease ◽  
First Time

Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease with a significant visual acuity burden. The actual burden is intangible given that KC can disrupt daily activities (reading, driving, and various career paths). Despite decades of research and clinical studies, the etiology, onset, and pathobiology of KC remain a mystery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gonadotropins in KC. We recruited 86 KC patients (63 males, 23 female), and 45 healthy controls (22 male, 23 female). Plasma samples were collected and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Corneal stromal cells from KC and healthy controls, and human epithelial corneal cells, were also investigated for gonadotropin-related markers. Our results show significant alterations of LH/FSH in KCs, compared to healthy controls. Our data also reveals, for the first time, the existence of gonadotropins and their receptors in KC. Our study is the first to demonstrate the role of LH/FSH in KCs, and expand the list of organs known to express gonadotropins, or their receptors, to include the human cornea. Our findings suggest that the human cornea is capable of responding to gonadotropins, and propose an intriguing mechanism for the onset and/or progression of KC.

scholarly journals The association of the serum levels of myostatin, follistatin, and interleukin-6 with sarcopenia, and their impacts on survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanghyug Choi ◽  
Hee Yoon Jang ◽  
Joong Mo Ahn ◽  
Sung Ho Hwang ◽  
Jung Wha Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Lumbar Level ◽  
First Time

Background/Aims: The role of serum myokine levels in sarcopenia and the outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are not clear. This study investigated the serum levels of myostatin, follistatin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HCC patients and their association with sarcopenia and survival.Methods: Using prospectively collected pretreatment samples from 238 HCC patients in a hospital from 2012 to 2015, the serum levels of 3 myokines were determined and compared to 50 samples from age and sex-matched healthy controls. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the psoas muscle index (PMI) measured at the third lumbar level in the computed tomography, and clinical data were collected until 2017.Results: The median levels of the 3 myokines for the male and female HCC patients were as follow: myostatin (3,979.3 and 2,976.3 pg/mL), follistatin (2,118.5 and 2,174.6 pg/mL), and IL-6 (2.5 and 2.7 pg/mL), respectively. Those in the HCC patients were all significantly higher than in the healthy controls. In the HCC patient, the median PMI was 4.43 (males) and 2.17 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> (females) with a sarcopenic prevalence of 56.4%. The serum levels of myostatin, IL-6 and follistatin in the HCC patients showed a positive, negative, and no correlation with PMI, respectively. The serum follistatin level was an independent factor for poor survival in HCC patients.Conclusions: The serum levels of myostatin, follistatin, and IL-6 and their correlation with sarcopenia and survival were presented in HCC patients for the first time. The role of the serum follistatin level as a poor prognostic biomarker warrants further study.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

Organic Reactivity Control by Means of Neighboring Groups and Organometallics. A Personal Account

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kočovský
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Cyclopropane Ring ◽  
Allylic Substitutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cardioactive Drug ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Electrophilic Additions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

This review summarizes the main topics of our research and covers the period of the last 15 years. The prime interest is focused on various ways of controlling the regio- and stereoselectivity of selected organic reactions, in particular electrophilic additions, cleavage of cyclopropane rings, and allylic substitutions by means of neighboring groups and/or transition and non-transition metals. In the first part, the factors governing the course of electrophilic additions are assessed, culminating in the formulation of selection rules for the reactivity of cyclohexene systems, and in a concise synthesis of the natural cardioactive drug, strophanthidin. These studies also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of electrophilic additions. The second part describes recent developments in the stereo- and regiocontrolled cleavage of cyclopropane rings by non-transition metals (Tl and Hg), and the reactivity and transmetalation (with Pd) of the primary products. This methodology has resulted in novel routes to unique polycyclic structures, and will have synthetic applications in the near future. Evidence for the stereospecific "corner" cleavage of the cyclopropane ring has been provided for the first time for Tl and later for Hg. The third part deals with transition metal-catalyzed allylic substitution. Evidence for a new "syn" mechanism for the formation of the intermediate (π-allyl)palladium complex has been provided, which runs counter to the generally accepted "anti" mechanism. A novel method for a Pd-catalyzed allylic oxidation has been developed and employed in the synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes. The increasing importance of transition and non-transition metals for synthetic organic chemistry is demonstrated by their unique reactivity in a number of the papers included in this review.

scholarly journals The acute phase response protein SERPINA3 is increased in tear fluid from the unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral acute anterior uveitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Roger Eidet ◽  
Maja Akopian ◽  
Ole K. Olstad ◽  
Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad ◽  
Morten C. Moe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Acute Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Abstract Background To identify candidate tear fluid biomarkers in patients with unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) that can aid in the differentiation between these patients and patients with bacterial keratitis or healthy controls. Methods Thirteen patients (40.1 ± 16.2 years of age) with unilateral AAU, seven patients with unilateral bacterial keratitis (40.2 ± 15.3 years of age), and 14 healthy subjects (41.1 ± 11.6 years of age) were included. The tear proteome of affected eyes was compared with that of the unaffected eye or healthy controls. Proteins were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Relative protein ratios were detected and calculated for 272 unique proteins. Compared with healthy controls and the unaffected eye, the top upregulated proteins in AAU eyes were submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B (SMR3B) and SMR3A. Similarly, the top upregulated proteins in bacterial keratitis were S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and orosomucoid 2. The acute phase response protein Serpin Family A Member 3 (SERPINA3) was increased in the healthy eye of AAU patients (P = 0.019) compared with healthy controls. Laser flare measurements in affected eyes of AAU patients showed positive logarithmic correlation with SERPINA3 in tear samples of the unaffected eye (P = 0.022). The use of SERPINA3 as a tear biomarker yielded a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71% in detecting patients with AAU in the study population. Conclusions The acute phase response protein SERPINA3 was increased in tear samples of unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral AAU compared with healthy controls. This study highlights SERPINA3 as a potential biomarker for AAU. Future research should explore the dynamic properties of SERPINA3 in the tear fluid of active and quiescent uveitis eyes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document