scholarly journals Cloud Integrated with LoRa Watermeter Network: A Water Expense Repository

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Bhola ◽  
Raghvendra Kumar ◽  
Hoang Viet Long ◽  
Ishaani Priyadarshini ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Son
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Meter

Abstract Water management system towards the country is the biggest challenge to distribute the water to each corner of the country and keeps track of all the information to store it centrally which helps the government in analyzing and predicting the water situation of the country. For implementing the above things the crucial barriers are electrification and network spread all over the country which is a difficult task. The main purpose of this suggested work is to design a wide area network using low power consumption called the LoRa network. Using this network the resultant value of the water meter can transmit to the cloud to make a secure centralized repository system which helps the government as well as different business organizations a lot. The proposed work explains the whole architecture of the end-to-end communication system from water meter to cloud as well as defines all the components for managing end-user and applications. Due to low power consumption the whole communication system, and water meter, can be powered through solar energy through which electrification supply is not required. Hence using the explained technique we can efficiently monitor and collect information from every corner of a country efficiently to manage the consumption of drinking water which helps society a lot.

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nur-A-Alam ◽  
Mominul Ahsan ◽  
Md. Abdul Based ◽  
Julfikar Haider ◽  
Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
At Home

In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.

scholarly journals Design of Completion Detectors in Asynchronous Communication System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3329-3334
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Asynchronous Communication ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Asynchronous Design ◽  
Global Clock ◽  
On Chip

In digital design, there are two types of design, synchronous design and asynchronous design. In synchronous design, global clock is one of the main system that consume a lot of power. The power in synchronous design is consumed by clock even if there is no data processing take place. The asynchronous design that depends on data is clockless and as far as the power is concerned, asynchronous design does not consume much power compared with synchronous design and this really make asynchronus design the preffered choice for low power consumption. Besides having low power consumption, there are many advantages of aynchronous design compared with synchronous design. This paper proposed new dual rail completion detector (CD), 3-6 CD, 2-7 CD and 1-4 CD for on-chip communication that are used widely in an asynchronous communication system. The design of CD is based on the principle of sum adder. The circuit is designed by using Altera Quartus II CAD tools, synthesis and implementation process is executed to check the syntax error of the design. The design proved to be successful by using asynchronous on-chip communication in the simulation.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Key Management Scheme for LoRaWAN

Cryptography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialuo Han ◽  
Jidong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Session Key ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Key Update ◽  
High Degree

The LoRaWAN is one of the new low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards applied to Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The key features of LPWAN are its low power consumption and long-range coverage. The LoRaWAN 1.1 specification includes a basic security scheme. However, this scheme could be further improved in the aspect of key management. In this paper, LoRaWAN 1.1 security is reviewed, and enhanced LoRaWAN security with a root key update scheme is proposed. The root key update will make cryptoanalysis of security keys in LoRaWAN more difficult. The analysis and simulation show that the proposed root key update scheme requires fewer computing resources compared with other key derivation schemes, including the scheme used in the LoRaWAN session key update. The results also show the key generated in the proposed scheme has a high degree of randomness, which is a basic requirement for a security key.

scholarly journals A Low Cost and Low Power Consumption Automatic Water Meter Reading System: Hardware Investigation and Network Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lap-Luat Nguyen ◽  
Huu-Tue Huynh ◽  
Tuan-Duc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Technique ◽  
Reading System ◽  
Water Meter

This paper presents a low power consumption and low cost automatic data collection network for water meter application. Based on transmission performance and power consumption, several low cost sub-GHz wireless transceivers are analyzed and compared, and consequently a suitable hardware is chosen. The associated network protocol stack is also examined. To construct the automatic collecting data mechanism, we consider a cluster based wireless sensor network (WSN) where routers and a GPRS gateway are used to link each cluster to a data collection center. Advantages of this proposed configuration are the simple implementation, low cost and low power consumption. By using the Monte Carlo simulation technique, packet delivery ratio and power consumption for different topologies are investigated. Based on obtained results, the optimum network topology for automatic water meter reading in a typical urban environment is finally proposed.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN Network Performance Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-280
Author(s):  
Istvan Drotar ◽  
Balazs Lukacs ◽  
Miklós Kuczmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

There are several types of wireless IoT (Internet of Things) networks based on the connection distance between two communicating devices. For covering wide areas, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area) networks can provide a good solution. These networks provide big coverage and low power consumption. One of the most popular LPWAN network is LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). LoRaWAN networks are ideal for sending infrequent, small messages through long distances. In this article the network’s capacity, coverage and energy consumption have been tested. These are the most important attributes when designing a LoRaWAN network, so it can satisfy the requirements of LPWAN networks.

scholarly journals A Key Management Protocol Based on the Hash Chain Key Generation for Securing LoRaWAN Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5838
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Abdel Hakeem ◽  
Sherine M. Abd El-Kader ◽  
HyungWon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Hash Chain ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Key Management Protocol

Recently, many Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocols have been proposed for securing resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices with negligible power consumption. The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a low power communication protocol that supports message authentication, integrity, and encryption using two-session preshared secret keys. However, although the LoRaWAN supports some security functions, it suffers from session key generation and key update problems. This motivates us to introduce a new key management protocol that resolves the LoRaWAN problems and supports key updates. The proposed protocol is based on hash chain generation using a one-way hash function. Network entities share a common hash chain of n key elements to allow using a unique signing key per message. We also propose a salt hashing algorithm that encrypts the original keys into a different form to avoid the physical attacks at the end device side. We analyzed the proposed key generation performance in terms of the computation time, the required storage, and the communication overhead. We implemented and tested the proposed key generation protocol using the NS-3 network simulator. The proposed lightweight key generation protocol significantly enhances the security of the original LoRaWAN at a negligible overhead. The proposed protocol reduces the power consumption and transmission time by two times compared with some previous protocols. In addition, the proposed key generation protocol can resist attacks, such as key compromising attacks and replay attacks, and it supports the Perfect Forward Secrecy, which was not supported by LoRaWAN.

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