scholarly journals An Enhanced Key Management Scheme for LoRaWAN

Cryptography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialuo Han ◽  
Jidong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Session Key ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Key Update ◽  
High Degree

The LoRaWAN is one of the new low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards applied to Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The key features of LPWAN are its low power consumption and long-range coverage. The LoRaWAN 1.1 specification includes a basic security scheme. However, this scheme could be further improved in the aspect of key management. In this paper, LoRaWAN 1.1 security is reviewed, and enhanced LoRaWAN security with a root key update scheme is proposed. The root key update will make cryptoanalysis of security keys in LoRaWAN more difficult. The analysis and simulation show that the proposed root key update scheme requires fewer computing resources compared with other key derivation schemes, including the scheme used in the LoRaWAN session key update. The results also show the key generated in the proposed scheme has a high degree of randomness, which is a basic requirement for a security key.

scholarly journals Cloud Integrated with LoRa Watermeter Network: A Water Expense Repository

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Bhola ◽  
Raghvendra Kumar ◽  
Hoang Viet Long ◽  
Ishaani Priyadarshini ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Son
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Meter

Abstract Water management system towards the country is the biggest challenge to distribute the water to each corner of the country and keeps track of all the information to store it centrally which helps the government in analyzing and predicting the water situation of the country. For implementing the above things the crucial barriers are electrification and network spread all over the country which is a difficult task. The main purpose of this suggested work is to design a wide area network using low power consumption called the LoRa network. Using this network the resultant value of the water meter can transmit to the cloud to make a secure centralized repository system which helps the government as well as different business organizations a lot. The proposed work explains the whole architecture of the end-to-end communication system from water meter to cloud as well as defines all the components for managing end-user and applications. Due to low power consumption the whole communication system, and water meter, can be powered through solar energy through which electrification supply is not required. Hence using the explained technique we can efficiently monitor and collect information from every corner of a country efficiently to manage the consumption of drinking water which helps society a lot.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN Network Performance Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-280
Author(s):  
Istvan Drotar ◽  
Balazs Lukacs ◽  
Miklós Kuczmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

There are several types of wireless IoT (Internet of Things) networks based on the connection distance between two communicating devices. For covering wide areas, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area) networks can provide a good solution. These networks provide big coverage and low power consumption. One of the most popular LPWAN network is LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). LoRaWAN networks are ideal for sending infrequent, small messages through long distances. In this article the network’s capacity, coverage and energy consumption have been tested. These are the most important attributes when designing a LoRaWAN network, so it can satisfy the requirements of LPWAN networks.

scholarly journals A Key Management Protocol Based on the Hash Chain Key Generation for Securing LoRaWAN Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5838
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Abdel Hakeem ◽  
Sherine M. Abd El-Kader ◽  
HyungWon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Hash Chain ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Key Management Protocol

Recently, many Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocols have been proposed for securing resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices with negligible power consumption. The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a low power communication protocol that supports message authentication, integrity, and encryption using two-session preshared secret keys. However, although the LoRaWAN supports some security functions, it suffers from session key generation and key update problems. This motivates us to introduce a new key management protocol that resolves the LoRaWAN problems and supports key updates. The proposed protocol is based on hash chain generation using a one-way hash function. Network entities share a common hash chain of n key elements to allow using a unique signing key per message. We also propose a salt hashing algorithm that encrypts the original keys into a different form to avoid the physical attacks at the end device side. We analyzed the proposed key generation performance in terms of the computation time, the required storage, and the communication overhead. We implemented and tested the proposed key generation protocol using the NS-3 network simulator. The proposed lightweight key generation protocol significantly enhances the security of the original LoRaWAN at a negligible overhead. The proposed protocol reduces the power consumption and transmission time by two times compared with some previous protocols. In addition, the proposed key generation protocol can resist attacks, such as key compromising attacks and replay attacks, and it supports the Perfect Forward Secrecy, which was not supported by LoRaWAN.

scholarly journals LPWAN-based hybrid backhaul communication for intelligent transportation systems: architecture and performance evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Shahgholi ◽  
Amir Sheikhahmadi ◽  
Keyhan Khamforoosh ◽  
Sadoon Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Wide Area Network

AbstractIncreased number of the vehicles on the streets around the world has led to several problems including traffic congestion, emissions, and huge fuel consumption in many regions. With advances in wireless and traffic technologies, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been introduced as a viable solution for solving these problems by implementing more efficient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide long range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture to employ the LPWAN as a backhaul infrastructure for ITS and to understand the feasibility of the proposed model, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traffic monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end-to-end latency per user. Simulation of Urban MObility has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed for evaluation of the communication system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.

scholarly journals A Complete Key Management Scheme for LoRaWAN v1.1

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2962
Author(s):  
Xingda Chen ◽  
Margaret Lech ◽  
Liuping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Backward Compatibility ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Key Management Scheme

Security is one of the major concerns of the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless technologies. LoRaWAN is one of the emerging Low Power Wide Area Networks being developed for IoT applications. The latest LoRaWAN release v.1.1 has provided a security framework that includes data confidentiality protection, data integrity check, device authentication and key management. However, its key management part is only ambiguously defined. In this paper, a complete key management scheme is proposed for LoRaWAN. The scheme addresses key updating, key generation, key backup, and key backward compatibility. The proposed scheme was shown not only to enhance the current LoRaWAN standard, but also to meet the primary design consideration of LoRaWAN, i.e., low power consumption.

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nur-A-Alam ◽  
Mominul Ahsan ◽  
Md. Abdul Based ◽  
Julfikar Haider ◽  
Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
At Home

In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.

scholarly journals An Autonomous Low-Power LoRa-Based Flood-Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Ragnoli ◽  
Gianluca Barile ◽  
Alfiero Leoni ◽  
Giuseppe Ferri ◽  
Vincenzo Stornelli
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Node Architecture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wireless Module

The development of Internet of Things (IoT) systems is a rapidly evolving scenario, thanks also to newly available low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that are utilized for environmental monitoring purposes and to prevent potentially dangerous situations with smaller and less expensive physical structures. This paper presents the design, implementation and test results of a flood-monitoring system based on LoRa technology, tested in a real-world scenario. The entire system is designed in a modular perspective, in order to have the capability to interface different types of sensors without the need for making significant hardware changes to the proposed node architecture. The information is stored through a device equipped with sensors and a microcontroller, connected to a LoRa wireless module for sending data, which are then processed and stored through a web structure where the alarm function is implemented in case of flooding.

scholarly journals Worldwide Connectivity for the Internet of Things Through LoRaWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vangelista ◽  
Marco Centenaro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) paradigm is gradually gaining market acceptance. In particular, three prominent LPWAN technologies are emerging at the moment: LoRaWAN™ and SigFox™, which operate on unlicensed frequency bands, and NB-IoT, operating on licensed frequency bands. This paper deals with LoRaWAN™, and has the aim of describing a particularly interesting feature provided by the latest LoRaWAN™ specification—often neglected in the literature—i.e., the roaming capability between different operators of LoRaWAN™ networks, across the same country or even different countries. Recalling that LoRaWAN™ devices do not have a subscriber identification module (SIM) like cellular network terminals, at a first glance the implementation of roaming in LoRaWAN™ networks could seem intricate. The contribution of this paper consists in explaining the principles behind the implementation of a global LoRaWAN network, with particular focus on how to cope with the lack of the SIM in the architecture and how to realize roaming.

scholarly journals TECNOLOGIA DE LOW POWER WIDE AREA NETWORK (LPWAN) PARA MONITORAMENTO DE FROTAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Paulo Renato Câmera da Silva ◽  
Herman Augusto Lepikson ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Ivo da Silva ◽  
Rafael Barbosa Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network
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