scholarly journals Immunohistochemistry and Expression Profile of Estrogen Receptor 2 Gene in Different Grade Size Ovarian Follicles of Leizhou Black Ducks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins Amponsah Asiamah ◽  
Yuanbo Liu ◽  
Rungen Ye ◽  
Yiting Pan ◽  
Li-li Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Specific Localization

Abstract BackgroundEstrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays significant biological roles in the reproductive system and ovarian follicle development. This study, therefore, aimed to reveal the expression pattern and cell-specific localization of ESR2 in the ovarian follicles of Leizhou black ducks. MethodFour laying Leizhou black ducks at 43 weeks old were annihilated and different grade-sized follicles were collected for immunohistochemistry and expression profile study. The follicles were grouped into seven (7) as small white follicles (SWF), large white follicles (LWF), small yellow follicles (SYF), large yellow follicles (LYF), follicle 5 (F5), follicle 2 (F2), and follicle 1 (F1). ResultsThe qRT/PCR results displayed that ESR2 mRNA was expressed in all follicles with the highest (P < 0.05) level of expression found in F1 compared to other follicles. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the cell-specific localization of ESR2 protein revealed that ESR2 was distributed in both granulosa and theca cells region in all the follicles examined. There was a significantly higher localization of ESR2 protein in the granulosa cells than the theca cells of SWF, SYF, LYF, F2, and F1. Comparatively, ESR2 was highly expressed in the granulosa cells of LYF than in all the other follicles. ConclusionThese results provide theoretical knowledge for the in-depth study of the related biological functions of the ESR2 gene and its application at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Yes-associated protein (YAP) is required in maintaining normal ovarian follicle development and function

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Plewes ◽  
Xiaoying Hou ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Jennifer Wood ◽  
Andrea Cupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

ABSTRACTYes-associated protein (YAP) is one of the major components of the Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) pathway. Although the exact extracellular signal that controls the Hippo pathway is currently unknown, increasing evidence supports a critical role of the Hippo pathway in embryonic development, regulation of organ size, and carcinogenesis. The ovary is one of few adult tissues that exhibit cyclical changes. Ovarian follicles, the basic units of ovary, are composed of a single oocyte surrounded by expanding layers of granulosa and theca cells. Granulosa cells (GCs) produce sex steroids and growth factors, which facilitate the development of the follicle and maturation of the oocyte. It has been reported that YAP is highly expressed in human GC tumors, but the role of YAP in normal ovarian follicle development is largely unknown. In current study, we examined YAP expression in bovine ovaries. We demonstrate that downstream hippo signaling effector protein, YAP and transcription co-activator, TAZ, are present and localization of both YAP and TAZ are density-dependent. Likewise, YAP and TAZ are critically involved in granulosa cell proliferation. Furthermore, reducing YAP in granulosa cells inhibits FSH-induced aromatase expression and estradiol biosynthesis. The data suggest that YAP plays an important role in the development of ovarian follicles and estradiol synthesis, which are necessary for maintaining normal ovarian function.

scholarly journals Serum deprivation affects secretory activity of cultured porcine ovarian follicles and granulosa cells and their response to hormones

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
A.V. Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Serum Deprivation ◽  
Ovarian Cells ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Granulose Cells ◽  
Vitro Model

The aim of the present study is to understand the hormonal mechanisms of the effect of malnutrition on ovarian follicle functions. For this purpose, we examined the effect of malnutrition/serum deprivation, addition of metabolic hormones and gonadotropin (IGF-I, leptin and FSH) and their combination on the release of progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>), testosterone (T), estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) by cultured whole ovarian follicles and on P<sub>4</sub> and IGF-I output by cultured granulosa cells isolated from porcine ovaries. It was observed that in ovarian follicles cultured with nutrients/serum addition of IGF-I reduced release of P<sub>4</sub>, but not of T or E<sub>2</sub>. Exogenous leptin reduced output of E<sub>2</sub>, but not of P<sub>4</sub> or T, and increased IGF-I output. No significant effect of FSH on release of steroid hormones by isolated follicles was found. Serum deprivation did not affect release of P<sub>4</sub>, but reduced output of T and E<sub>2</sub>, and promoted IGF-I release by cultured ovarian follicles. Addition of hormones failed to prevent the effect of malnutrition on the secretory activity of cultured ovarian follicles. In cultured granulose cells, all the tested hormones promoted release of both P<sub>4</sub> and IGF-I. Food restriction/serum deprivation reduced both P<sub>4</sub> and IGF-I output. Additions of either IGF-I, leptin and FSH prevented the inhibitory action of malnutrition on both P<sub>4</sub> and IGF-I release. The present observations (1) confirm the involvement of the hormones IGF-I, leptin and FSH in the control of secretory activity of ovarian cells, (2) demonstrate, that both isolated ovarian granulosa cells and whole follicles cultured in the absence of serum nutrients could be an adequate in-vitro model for studying the effect of malnutrition on ovarian secretory functions, and (3) suggest, that malnutrition could affect ovarian functions through changes in the release of ovarian hormones.

scholarly journals Timely expression and activation of YAP1 in granulosa cells is essential for ovarian follicle development

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 10049-10064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Lv ◽  
Chunbo He ◽  
Cong Huang ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development

scholarly journals Theca: the forgotten cell of the ovarian follicle

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Young ◽  
A S McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Thecal Cells

Theca cells function in a diverse range of necessary roles during folliculogenesis; to synthesize androgens, provide crosstalk with granulosa cells and oocytes during development, and provide structural support of the growing follicle as it progresses through the developmental stages to produce a mature and fertilizable oocyte. Thecal cells are thought to be recruited from surrounding stromal tissue by factors secreted from an activated primary follicle. The precise origin and identity of these recruiting factors are currently not clear, but it appears that thecal recruitment and/or differentiation involves not just one signal, but a complex and tightly controlled combination of multiple factors. It is clear that thecal cells are fundamental for follicular growth, providing all the androgens required by the developing follicle(s) for conversion into estrogens by the granulosa cells. Their function is enabled through the establishment of a vascular system providing communication with the pituitary axis throughout the reproductive cycle, and delivering essential nutrients to these highly active cells. During development, the majority of follicles undergo atresia, and the theca cells are often the final follicular cell type to die. For those follicles that do ovulate, the theca cells then undergo hormone-dependent differentiation into luteinized thecal cells of the corpus luteum. While the theca is an essential component of follicle development and ovulation, we do not yet fully understand the control of recruitment and function of theca cells, an important consideration since their function appears to be altered in certain causes of infertility.

scholarly journals Involvement of miRNAs in equine follicle development

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Schauer ◽  
S D Sontakke ◽  
E D Watson ◽  
C L Esteves ◽  
F X Donadeu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Follicle Selection

Previous evidence fromin vitrostudies suggests specific roles for a subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-145, miR-503, miR-224, miR-383, miR-378, miR-132, and miR-212, in regulating ovarian follicle development. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the levels of these miRNAs in relation to follicle selection, maturation, and ovulation in the monovular equine ovary. In Experiment 1, follicular fluid was aspirated during ovulatory cycles from the dominant (DO) and largest subordinate (S) follicles of an ovulatory wave and the dominant (DA) follicle of a mid-cycle anovulatory wave (n=6 mares). Follicular fluid levels of progesterone and estradiol were lower (P<0.01) in S follicles than in DO follicles, whereas mean levels of IGF1 were lower (P<0.01) in S and DA follicles than in DO follicles. Relative to DO and DA follicles, S follicles had higher (P≤0.01) follicular fluid levels of miR-145 and miR-378. In Experiment 2, follicular fluid and granulosa cells were aspirated from dominant follicles before (DO) and 24 h after (L) administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG (n=5 mares/group). Relative to DO follicles, L follicles had higher follicular fluid levels of progesterone (P=0.05) and lower granulosa cell levels ofCYP19A1andLHCGR(P<0.005). Levels of miR-21, miR-132, miR-212, and miR-224 were increased (P<0.05) in L follicles; this was associated with reduced expression of the putative miRNA targets,PTEN,RASA1, andSMAD4. These novel results may indicate a physiological involvement of miR-21, miR-145, miR-224, miR-378, miR-132, and miR-212 in the regulation of cell survival, steroidogenesis, and differentiation during follicle selection and ovulation in the monovular ovary.

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH IN TISSUE CULTURE OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM AND OF THE ISOLATED OVARIAN FOLLICLE OF THE RAT

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Hormonal Influence ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Ovarian Cells

ABSTRACT The growth of corpus luteum tissue fragments and single ovarian follicles from rat and the hormonal influence on such growth was studied in tissue culture. Both types of tissue gave good growth. Oestrone inhibited the growth of the theca cells around the follicles during dioestrus, but stimulated the growth of the corpus luteum fragments, provided, however, that they had been dissected from rats in dioestrus. Progesterone appeared to inhibit the growth of theca cells from follicles removed from animals in oestrus. F. S. H. inhibited the growth of theca cells from follicles excised from animals in dioestrus, but stimulated the growth of these cells from animals in oestrus. L. T. H. stimulated growth of corpus luteum fragments that had been isolated from animals in oestrus, but had no effect when the specimens had been removed from animals in dioestrus. The findings suggest that steroid hormones and gonadotrophins may directly inhibit or stimulate the growth of certain ovarian cells and that oestrogens are necessary for the gonadotrophic hormones to exert a stimulating effect locally on the ovary.

Localization of ovine follistatin and α and βA inhibin mRNA in the sheep ovary during the oestrous cycle

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Tisdall ◽  
N Hudson ◽  
P Smith ◽  
K P McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Antral Follicles

ABSTRACT The sites of follistatin and α and βA inhibin gene expression were examined by in situ hybridization in sheep ovaries during the early and mid-luteal phases (days 3 and 10) of the oestrous cycle and a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-induced follicular phase. Follistatin mRNA was detected in the granulosa cells of preantral, antral and early atretic follicles at all stages of the oestrous cycle, and in the corpora lutea at the early and mid-luteal stages of the cycle. However, only low levels of expression of follistatin were observed in the presumptive preovulatory follicle at 56 h after treatment with PGF2α. Both α and βA inhibin were shown to be expressed in ovaries at all stages of the oestrous cycle. In situ hybridization localized α subunit mRNA to the granulosa cells of most, but not all, healthy antral follicles, and to no other ovarian cell type. In contrast, expression of the βA subunit was confined to a few medium-to-large healthy antral follicles. In antral follicles expressing βA inhibin, mRNAs for α inhibin and follistatin were always detected, but the converse was not true. Unlike follistatin, no α and βA inhibin expression was seen in preantral follicles, developing corpora lutea, or follicles undergoing atresia. These results show that, in the adult sheep ovary, follistatin gene expression is a constitutive event in all growing follicles from the early preantral stage, and also provide indirect evidence of the involvement of follistatin, but not inhibin or activin, in the early stages of ovarian follicle development in sheep.

scholarly journals SMAD3 regulates the diverse functions of rat granulosa cells relating to the FSHR/PKA signaling pathway

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yexia Li ◽  
Yujie Jin ◽  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Chunyan Shen ◽  
Jingxia Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Estrogen Production

The function of Smad3, a downstream signaling protein of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, in ovarian follicle development remains to be elucidated. The effects of Smad3 on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in rat were studied. Female rats (21 days of age Sprague–Dawley) received i.p. injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, and GCs were harvested for primary culture 48 h later. These cells were engineered to overexpress or knockdown Smad3, which were validated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D2, TGFβ receptor II (TGFβRII), protein kinase A (PKA), and FSH receptor (FSHR) was also detected by western blotting. Cell cycle and apoptosis of GCs were assayed by flow cytometry. The level of estrogen secreted by GCs was detected by ELISA. Smad3 overexpression promoted estrogen production and proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis of GCs. Reduction in Smad3 by RNAi resulted in reduced estrogen production and proliferation and increased apoptosis of GCs. Manipulation of Smad3 expression also resulted in changes in FSHR and PKA expression, suggesting that the effects of Smad3 on follicle development are related to FSHR-mediated cAMP signaling.

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