scholarly journals Delineating a Volcanic Aquifer Using Groundwater-induced Gravity Changes in the Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzuyi Lien ◽  
Emmy Tsui-Yu Chang ◽  
cheinway Hwang ◽  
Ching-Chung Cheng ◽  
Kin-Fai Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Volcano ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Phreatic Eruption ◽  
Volcanic Aquifer ◽  
Induced Gravity ◽  
Gravity Station ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Gravity Changes ◽  
Superconducting Gravity ◽  
The Media

Abstract The Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is an active volcano that could cause volcanic hazards in northern Taiwan. The latest phreatic eruption of the TVG occurred some 6000 years ago. Understanding the state of groundwater around the TVG can be a crucial step towards effectively assessing the risk of phreatic explosion by providing information about the sources of groundwater and the media it flows. We measured gravity changes at a superconducting gravity station and several groundwater-sensitive sites to examine the way the groundwater altered the gravity values around the TVG. Groundwater-induced gravity changes are simulated by two hydrological models (A and B). Both models show coherent seasonal variations in groundwater level and gravity value in the center of the TVG (Chintiengang). This coherence indicates inter-connected porous media for free groundwater flows below Chintiengang. However, inconsistencies between the modeled and observed gravity changes occurred in the eastern part of the TVG, suggesting here highly heterogeneous formations with fractures and barriers may exist below Chihsinshan and Dayoukeng. The gravity consistencies and inconsistencies between the observations and the models are used to delineate a volcanic aquifer, which can provide additional information for assessing the probability of a potential phreatic eruption over the TVG.

National Policies, Agendas, and Polarization in American State Legislatures: 2011 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Legislators ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
American State

Why are some states polarized and others not? This article argues that state legislators are provided with more information by lobbyists and the media about national policies, or state-level bills that are prominent in the national political discourse. Compared with state-specific issues, this additional information encourages legislators to vote along party lines to secure reelection or prepare for a run for higher office. It identifies national policies using lobbying registrations in state legislatures and Congress to show there is more party difference on roll-call votes on national policies in 25 states over 2011 to 2014. It also argues that the notoriety of national issues may encourage party leaders to put these bills on the agenda to build their party brand, or for individual legislators to raise their profiles. It finds that states with more national agendas have more polarized sessions.

USGS Near‐Real‐Time Products—and Their Use—for the 2018 Anchorage Earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Thompson ◽  
Sara K. McBride ◽  
Gavin P. Hayes ◽  
Kate E. Allstadt ◽  
Lisa A. Wald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Multiple Products ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
The Media

Abstract In the minutes to hours after a major earthquake, such as the recent 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage event, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces a suite of interconnected earthquake products that provides diverse information ranging from basic earthquake source parameters to loss estimates. The 2018 Anchorage earthquake is the first major domestic earthquake to occur since several new USGS products have been developed, thus providing an opportunity to discuss the newly expanded USGS earthquake product suite, its timeliness, performance, and reception. Overall, the products were relatively timely, accurate, well received, and widely used, including by the media, who used information and visualizations from many products to frame their early reporting. One downside of the codependence of multiple products is that reasonable updates to upstream products (e.g., magnitude and source characterization) can result in significant changes to downstream products; this was the case for the Anchorage earthquake. However, the coverage of strong‐motion stations and felt reports was so dense that the ShakeMap and downstream products were relatively insensitive to changes in magnitude or fault‐plane orientation once the ground‐motion data were available. Shaking and loss indicators initially fluctuated in the first hour or two after the earthquake, but they stabilized quickly. To understand how the products are being used and how effectively they are being communicated, we analyze the media coverage of USGS earthquake products. Most references to USGS products occurred within the first 48 hr after the event. The lack of coverage after 48 hr could indicate that longer‐term products addressing what actions the USGS is taking or what early reconnaissance has revealed might be useful for those people wanting additional information about the earthquake.

Analysis of exploitation‐induced gravity changes at Wairakei Geothermal Field

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Allis ◽  
Trevor M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Gravity Change ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Induced Gravity ◽  
Gravity Changes ◽  
Flow Equilibrium ◽  
The 1960S

Gravity changes (corrected for subsidence) of up to -1 000 (±300) μGal have occurred in the [Formula: see text] area of the production bore field at Wairakei, and smaller decreases extend over a [Formula: see text] surrounding area. The largest part of these decreases occurred during the 1960s; since then the net gravity change for the whole field has been zero, indicating mass flow equilibrium. The principal causes of gravity change have been deep liquid pressure drawdown which resulted in formation of a steam zone, subsequent saturation changes in the steam zone, liquid temperature decline, and groundwater level changes. Gravity models suggest saturation of the steam zone was 0.7 (±0.1) in 1962 and decreased to 0.6 by 1972. Gravity increases in the northern and eastern bore field since the early 1970s are attributed to cool water invading the steam zone.

scholarly journals Article Comments: Is This Truly Feedback for Editorial Boards? Views and Experiences of Journalists

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Jolanta Mažylė
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Local Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Reader Comments

In the modern society, online comments, especially comments on news websites, create a new problem: in theory, they should guarantee the freedom of speech and improve the work of editorial boards of daily newspapers (news websites). Feedback helps the media to better understand readers and their needs. The essence of feedback for the journalist is to obtain additional information in order to expand the topic of the article, to explore new aspects of the researched subject and to react promptly to relevant information received from the audience. Exploratory research was carried out in May 2021 striving to analyse how much actual feedback works when a media outlet publishes reader comments, as well as to examine how media staff evaluate the necessity of commends under articles and their value for direct work. Fifteen professional journalists – who have more than four years of journalistic experience in national, regional and local media – participated in the research. Research participants were asked 9 questions, of which only several were closed-ended, while the rest were open-ended. The survey was thus carried out in person, seeking to ascertain the questions discussed and clarify situations or circumstances. The duration of each interview was 45-80 minutes. Meetings took place with interviewees or they were contacted via Skype and ZOOM platforms. The article discusses research results, provides examples from editorial experience, as well as reveals views of editorial boards and journalists concerning the phenomenon in question and its problematic aspects.

New Proposals for Data Hiding in Paper Media

2013 ◽  
pp. 258-285
Author(s):  
Kitahiro Kaneda ◽  
Keiichi Iwamura
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Digital Watermarks ◽  
Information Hiding Capacity

Digital watermarks provide the capability to insert additional information onto various media such as still images, movies, and audios, by utilizing features of the media content. Several techniques that use content features such as text or images have already been proposed for printed documents. The authors propose two new techniques using a single dot pattern and an Artificial Fiber (AF) pattern in order to address the disadvantages of conventional information hiding technologies for paper media. In this chapter, the authors describe each scheme’s characteristics, and how to improve its robustness. As a result, they have attained greater than 80% extraction rate with an information hiding capacity of 91 Kbits in the case of the single dot pattern, and a 100% extraction rate with color characters as the foreground in the case of using artificial fiber patterns.

The benefits of performing continuous gravity measurements at active volcanoes using superconducting gravimeters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Greco ◽  
Daniele Carbone ◽  
Flavio Cannavò ◽  
Alfio Messina ◽  
Danilo Contrafatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Gravity Changes ◽  
Superconducting Gravimeters ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Gravity Measurements ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Active Volcanoes

<p>Continuous gravity measurements at active volcanoes are mostly accomplished using spring gravimeters, that can be operated under harsh field conditions. Unfortunately, these instruments do not provide reliable continuous measurements over long time-scales, due to the instrumental drift and artifacts driven by ambient parameters.</p><p>An alternative to spring devices for continuous measurements is given by superconducting gravimeters (SGs), that are free from instrumental effects and thus allow to track even small gravity changes over time-scales from minutes to years. Nevertheless, SGs cannot be deployed in close proximity to the active structures of tall volcanoes, since they need host facilities with main electricity and a large installation surface.</p><p>The mini-array of three SGs that were installed on Etna between 2014 and 2016 makes the first network of SGs ever installed on an active volcano. Here we present results from these instruments and show that, even though they are installed at relatively unfavorable positions (in terms of distances from the summit active craters), SGs can detect volcano-related gravity changes that would otherwise remain hidden, thus providing unique insight into the bulk processes driving volcanic activity.</p>

A review of present-day deformation of active volcanoes in China during 1970–2013

2020 ◽  
pp. SP510-2019-228
Author(s):  
Lingyun Ji ◽  
Jiandong Xu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Wenting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Active Volcano ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Changbaishan Volcano ◽  
Deformation State ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Magma Sources ◽  
Deformation Patterns ◽  
Active Volcanoes

AbstractChina has numerous active volcanoes, and more than 10 erupted in the Quaternary. Although a modern eruption event has not occurred in China, the potential risk from volcanic hazards should be noted. With the development of geodetic technologies including Global Positioning System (GPS), levelling, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), volcanologists can now detect the present-day deformation state of China's active volcanoes. In this paper, we summarised the present-day deformation patterns, magma sources, and magma plumbing systems of China's active volcanoes during 1970-2013. The results showed that the most active volcano in China is the Changbaishan volcano, it showed significant inflation during 2002-2003, with the deformation becoming gradually weaker after 2003, indicating it had been experiencing a magma process during 2000-2010. A point source at a depth of approximately 10 km was responsible for the observed deformation. The Leiqiong volcanic field showed a trough pattern deformation during 2007-2010, which was interpreted as a dyke intrusion model. Fluctuant deformation patterns were shown in the Tengchong volcanic field. The Longgang volcanic field had experienced a volcano-wide uplift during the 1970s and 1990s. Deformation was observed in the Tatun volcanic field during 2006-2013, and two shallow sources account for the observed deformation. These volcanoes merit further monitoring given possible evidence of deformation. No obvious deformation related to volcanic activity was observed at the Ashikule volcanic field during 2003-2011. The results provide a basic introduction of the deformation state of China's active volcanoes, and may be helpful for evaluating the activity levels of China's volcanoes and mitigating the risks of future volcanic hazards.

scholarly journals Lingvovisual Pragmatics of Pulled-Out Elements in English-Language Internet Media Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
E. N. Ermolaeva ◽  
N. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Colored Background ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Nowadays the study of media text pragmatics is one of the research priorities in media linguistics. The pragmatic potential of a media text is actualized through the symbiosis of its verbal, nonverbal, and multimedia components, which are equally capable of having a powerful impact on mass consciousness. The article focuses on the linguovisual pragmatics of the so-called “pulled-out” elements in English-language Internet media texts, which have not been studied so far. A pulled-out element is a graphically emphasized construction within a media text, containing a very short summary of the topic covered in the article, or quotations with different references describing the position of the journalist, participants of the event or experts towards the topic, or containing additional information. Following their functional orientation and type of graphical display, the pulled-out elements are divided into three main types: callouts, pull quotes, block quotes. At the graphic level, all three types are represented by a font and font size different from the article itself; they are often located to the left or in the center of the article and can be highlighted with a colored background. The linguistic representation of the pulled-out elements is determined by their functional nature: a simple but pragmatically effective syntactic and semantic structure of the included sentences is used, in most cases implementing the “clickbait” principle. The type, content, and quantity of the pulled-out elements used depend on the genre specifics and linguistic properties of the media text. The pulled-out elements of the media text perform a number of functions, the main of which are informative, attractive, affective, integrative, and ideological. It is stated that the pulled-out elements, being an integral attribute of the modern media text and one of the ways of its creolization, effectively incorporate verbal and nonverbal (graphic) components to have a multi-layered pragmatic impact on the recipient. A comprehensive study of the nature of this phenomenon, regarding its actualization at the structural and semantic levels, is necessary and relevant for media linguistics at the present stage of its development. 

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