scholarly journals The trajectory of a photon emitted by an accelerating light source. The apparent motion of a light source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Deligiannis
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Actual Motion

Abstract In this article the concept of ``tachy-photons'' is introduced. The tachy-photons are photons emitted by an accelerating light source. The tachy-photons can travel faster than the speed of light, but their average speed is equal to the speed of light. Using the trajectories of tachy-photons, the apparent motion of an accelerating light source is calculated. This apparent motion of the light source is dramatically different from its actual motion.

scholarly journals Quantum speed limit for a relativistic electron in the noncommutative phase space

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 1750143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yu-Fei Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Zheng-Wen Long ◽  
Jian Jing
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Minimum Evolution ◽  
Noncommutative Phase Space ◽  
Average Speed

The influence of the noncommutativity on the average speed of a relativistic electron interacting with a uniform magnetic field within the minimum evolution time is investigated. We find that it is possible for the wave packet of the electron to travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum because of the noncommutativity. It is a clear signature of violating Lorentz invariance in the noncommutative relativistic quantum mechanical region.

Apparent Motion in Geometric Depth

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wienke ◽  
W. C. Steedman
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Visual Guidance ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
Point Light

The ability to detect small excursions of apparent movement of a point light source was investigated. Apparent movement was achieved by alternately presenting a point source in two different planes. The presentations, each lasting about 500 milliseconds, had an overlap of approximately 8 milliseconds. Using 7 subjects, the limen for apparent motion was a stimulus separation of 43.9 mm, which is a visual angle of 1′ 21″. Possible application of the effect in a highly precise visual guidance system is discussed in light of the results.

Autokinesis and Personality

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-970
Author(s):  
Santosh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Response Measures

The relationships of autokinesis to personality traits for 40 undergraduate students of Delhi University is described. Eight response measures were taken from the subjects on an apparatus that permitted recording of the apparent motion of the autokinetic stimulus in the same plane as the light source. Personality traits of suggestibility, perseveration, oscillation, and personality dimensions were respectively assessed by body-sway test, Necker's Cube, perseveration test, and the MMPI. Analysis indicates no significant relationships between autokinetic phenomena and the various personality traits.

scholarly journals Physics Essay: Particle Nature of Light and the Speed of Light

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Zifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Particle Nature

<p class="1Body">What is the nature of light? Particle or wave? How fast is the speed of light? These are all basic questions of physics. From points of philosophy and observation, it is demonstrated that the nature of light is a kind of particle, and many photons’ group behavior is of characteristics similar to the wave. Reflection, diffusion, refraction and transmission of light are all phenomenon of matter’s attraction, absorption and re-emission of photons. Until now, there is no accurate means of measuring the speed of light. For the speed of starlight relative to the earth, the closer to the earth, the closer to the speed of light emitted by a light source on the earth relative to the earth. Physics field is composed of space and tiny particles.</p>

scholarly journals Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zilberman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Cosmological Models ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Relativistic Systems ◽  
The Earth

The hypothetical “Dimming effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a receding light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems,the "Dimming effect" occurs due to the fact that as light sources move away, the distance between the emitter and the receiver constantly increases, and the photons always take longer to reach the receiver. This reduces the number of photons received per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons per time unit. Negligible for speeds incomparable with the speed of light c, the "Dimming effect" can be very significant for speeds above 0.1c. “Dimming effect” can possibly be tested in a physics labor-atory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the travel direction and in opposite direction. It can possibly also be tested utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. If confirmed, “Dimming effect” would allow astronomers to adjust values of the "Standard Candles", which are critical in cosmological models. Absence of “Dimming effect” will mean that the number of photons arriving per time unit does not depend on the relative speed of light source and observer,which is not so apparent

scholarly journals The Origin of Electromagnetic Mass (Electromagnetic Inertia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Mass ◽  
Newton's Second Law ◽  
Definition Of

Newton described in his second law of motion the classical definition of mass (inertia). However, it is impossible to calculate with Newton’s second law of motion the (electromagnetic) mass of a beam of light. Because the speed of light is a universal constant which follows from Albert Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity, it is impossible to accelerate or to slow down a beam of light and for that reason it is impossible to determine the electromagnetic mass of a beam of light (free electromagnetic radiation) by Newton’s second law. To calculate the electromagnetic mass of free or confined electromagnetic radiation, the fundamental concept of the New Theory has been used that the Universe is in a perfect Equilibrium and that any electromagnetic field configuration is in a perfect equilibrium with itself and its surrounding. From this fundamental concept follows a different definition of (confined) electromagnetic mass. Electromagnetic mass (or inertia) has been determined by the relativistic Lorentz transformation of the radiation pressures in all different directions and the disturbance of a uniform motion (or position at rest) of confined electromagnetic radiation results in a relativistic effect which we measure (experience) as electromagnetic mass (inertia). The mass in [kg] of an object will be generally measured by acceleration (or deceleration) of the object according Newton’s second law of motion. In the theory of special relativity, the speed of light is a fundamental constant and the intensity of the light is not a universal constant. The calculate the relativistic mass of Confined Electromagnetic Radiation, we start with a thought experiment in which a beam of light is propagating between two 100 % reflecting mirrors, indicated as Mirror A and Mirror B. Both mirrors are part of a rigid construction and the relative velocity between both mirrors always equals zero. The results of this calculation will be be generalized for any kind of electromagnetic radiation which has been confined by its own electromagnetic and gravitational field. When the speed of the observer has the same speed as the speed of the light source, then the observer and the light source are relative at rest. And the same light intensity will be measured at the location of the emitter and at the location of the observer.

Autokinesis and Some Conditions of Fatigue

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Response Measures

Effects of physical, mental, and vigilance fatigue on the autokinetic reports of 48 undergraduate students are described. Eight response measures were taken of the subjects with an apparatus that permitted recording of the apparent motion of the autokinetic stimulus in the same plane as the light source. Presence of the fatigue states was verified by independent measurements. Fatigue conditions facilitated quick and continuous perception of the autokinetic movements. The most perceptual complexity in the patterns of apparent motion was observed under mental fatigue followed by physical and vigilance fatigue, with least in the neutral condition.

scholarly journals The doppler effect and the speed of light do not change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
段贤香
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
Real Universe

The assumption that the speed of light does not change contradicts the doppler effect. In the real universe, the speed of light is not a constant speed between the light source and the observer. The speed of light is relative and time is absolute.

scholarly journals Moving Cast Shadows Induce Apparent Motion in Depth

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kersten ◽  
Pascal Mamassian ◽  
David C Knill
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Image Patch ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Motion In Depth

Phenomenally strong visual illusions are described in which the motion of an object‘s cast shadow determines the perceived 3-D trajectory of the object. Simply adjusting the motion of a shadow is sufficient to induce dramatically different apparent trajectories of the object casting the shadow. Psychophysical results obtained with the use of 3-D graphics are reported which show that: (i) the information provided by the motion of an object's shadow overrides other strong sources of information and perceptual biases, such as the assumption of constant object size and a general viewpoint; (ii) the natural constraint of shadow darkness plays a role in the interpretation of a moving image patch as a shadow, but under some conditions even unnatural light shadows can induce apparent motion in depth of an object; (iii) when shadow motion is caused by a moving light source, the visual system incorrectly interprets the shadow motion as consistent with a moving object, rather than a moving light source. The results support the hypothesis that the human visual system incorporates a stationary light-source constraint in the perceptual processing of spatial layout of scenes.

scholarly journals Introduction to The Origin of Electromagnetic Mass (Electromagnetic Inertia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Mass ◽  
Newton's Second Law ◽  
Definition Of

Newton described in his second law of motion the classical definition of mass (inertia). However, it is impossible to calculate with Newton’s second law of motion the (electromagnetic) mass of a beam of light (Ref. [1], [2],[3]). Because the speed of light is a universal constant which follows from Albert Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity, it is impossible to accelerate or to slow down a beam of light and for that reason it is impossible to determine the electromagnetic mass of a beam of light (free electromagnetic radiation) by Newton’s second law. To calculate the electromagnetic mass of free or confined electromagnetic radiation, the fundamental concept of the New Theory has been used that the Universe is in a perfect Equilibrium and that any electromagnetic field configuration is in a perfect equilibrium with itself and its surrounding. From this fundamental concept follows a different definition of (confined) electromagnetic mass. Electromagnetic mass (or inertia) has been determined by the relativistic Lorentz transformation of the radiation pressures in all different directions and the disturbance of a uniform motion (or position at rest) of confined electromagnetic radiation results in a relativistic effect which we measure (experience) as electromagnetic mass (inertia). The mass in [kg] of an object will be generally measured by acceleration (or deceleration) of the object according Newton’s second law of motion. In the theory of special relativity, the speed of light is a fundamental constant and the intensity of the light is not a universal constant. The calculate the relativistic mass of Confined Electromagnetic Radiation, we start with a thought experiment in which a beam of light is propagating between two 100 % reflecting mirrors, indicated as Mirror A and Mirror B. Both mirrors are part of a rigid construction and the relative velocity between both mirrors always equals zero. The results of this calculation will be generalized for any kind of electromagnetic radiation which has been confined by its own electromagnetic and gravitational field. When the speed of the observer has the same speed as the speed of the light source, then the observer and the light source are relative at rest. And the same light intensity will be measured at the location of the emitter and at the location of the observer.

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