Autokinesis and Some Conditions of Fatigue

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Response Measures

Effects of physical, mental, and vigilance fatigue on the autokinetic reports of 48 undergraduate students are described. Eight response measures were taken of the subjects with an apparatus that permitted recording of the apparent motion of the autokinetic stimulus in the same plane as the light source. Presence of the fatigue states was verified by independent measurements. Fatigue conditions facilitated quick and continuous perception of the autokinetic movements. The most perceptual complexity in the patterns of apparent motion was observed under mental fatigue followed by physical and vigilance fatigue, with least in the neutral condition.

Autokinesis and Personality

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-970
Author(s):  
Santosh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Response Measures

The relationships of autokinesis to personality traits for 40 undergraduate students of Delhi University is described. Eight response measures were taken from the subjects on an apparatus that permitted recording of the apparent motion of the autokinetic stimulus in the same plane as the light source. Personality traits of suggestibility, perseveration, oscillation, and personality dimensions were respectively assessed by body-sway test, Necker's Cube, perseveration test, and the MMPI. Analysis indicates no significant relationships between autokinetic phenomena and the various personality traits.

Apparent Motion in Geometric Depth

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wienke ◽  
W. C. Steedman
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Visual Guidance ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
Point Light

The ability to detect small excursions of apparent movement of a point light source was investigated. Apparent movement was achieved by alternately presenting a point source in two different planes. The presentations, each lasting about 500 milliseconds, had an overlap of approximately 8 milliseconds. Using 7 subjects, the limen for apparent motion was a stimulus separation of 43.9 mm, which is a visual angle of 1′ 21″. Possible application of the effect in a highly precise visual guidance system is discussed in light of the results.

A Promising Measure of Sex Bias: The Incidental Memory Task

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Counselor Training ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Male Client ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Study Participants

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether differences in counselors' retention of information about a female and a male client in a previous study would also be obtained with a non-counselor sample. Two hundred eighteen undergraduate students participated in the present study. The findings indicated similarity between the undergraduates and counselors on measures of retention and question generation. In findings similar to those of the previous study, participants in this study retained less information under the female client conditions, p < .01, a result that indicates a possible negative valuation of female client concerns. The implication of the findings for counselor training is discussed; in particular, the findings support the utility of free-response measures for assessing sex role stereotyping.

Effects of “Diagnosis Threat” on Cognitive and Affective Functioning Long After Mild Head Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana J. Ozen ◽  
Myra A. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Diagnosis Threat

AbstractPersistent cognitive complaints are common following a mild head injury (MHI), but deficits are rarely detected on neuropsychological tests. Our objective was to examine the effect of symptom expectation on self-report and cognitive performance measures in MHI individuals. Prior research suggests that when MHI participants are informed they may experience cognitive difficulties, they perform worse on neuropsychological tests compared to MHI participants who are uninformed. In this study, undergraduate students with and without a prior MHI were either informed that the study's purpose was to investigate the effects of MHI on cognitive functioning (“diagnosis threat” condition) or merely informed that their cognitive functioning was being examined, with no mention of status (“neutral” condition). “Diagnosis threat” MHIs self-reported more attention failures compared to “diagnosis threat” controls and “neutral” MHIs, and more memory failures compared to “diagnosis threat” controls. In the “neutral” condition, MHIs reported higher anxiety levels compared to controls and compared to “diagnosis threat” MHIs. Regardless of condition, MHIs performed worse on only one neuropsychological test of attention span. “Diagnosis threat” may contribute to the prevalence and persistence of cognitive complaints made by MHI individuals found in the literature, but may not have as strong of an effect on neuropsychological measures. (JINS, 2011, 17, 219–229)

scholarly journals The trajectory of a photon emitted by an accelerating light source. The apparent motion of a light source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Deligiannis
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Actual Motion

Abstract In this article the concept of ``tachy-photons'' is introduced. The tachy-photons are photons emitted by an accelerating light source. The tachy-photons can travel faster than the speed of light, but their average speed is equal to the speed of light. Using the trajectories of tachy-photons, the apparent motion of an accelerating light source is calculated. This apparent motion of the light source is dramatically different from its actual motion.

scholarly journals Moving Cast Shadows Induce Apparent Motion in Depth

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kersten ◽  
Pascal Mamassian ◽  
David C Knill
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Image Patch ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Motion In Depth

Phenomenally strong visual illusions are described in which the motion of an object‘s cast shadow determines the perceived 3-D trajectory of the object. Simply adjusting the motion of a shadow is sufficient to induce dramatically different apparent trajectories of the object casting the shadow. Psychophysical results obtained with the use of 3-D graphics are reported which show that: (i) the information provided by the motion of an object's shadow overrides other strong sources of information and perceptual biases, such as the assumption of constant object size and a general viewpoint; (ii) the natural constraint of shadow darkness plays a role in the interpretation of a moving image patch as a shadow, but under some conditions even unnatural light shadows can induce apparent motion in depth of an object; (iii) when shadow motion is caused by a moving light source, the visual system incorrectly interprets the shadow motion as consistent with a moving object, rather than a moving light source. The results support the hypothesis that the human visual system incorporates a stationary light-source constraint in the perceptual processing of spatial layout of scenes.

scholarly journals Extended versus point light source: where does the difference in the illuminance exist?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
V. Ivchenko
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
General Position ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Luminous Intensity ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Point Light

In this paper we derive and analyse the expressions to find the illuminance from luminous ball, disc and line in the case of general position of the light receiver. We show that one can always replace a luminous ball with a point light source located at its center and having the appropriate luminous intensity. Any luminous disc or line can be considered, with reasonable accuracy (the relative error in the determination of the illuminance is less than $5 \%$), as the point light source with anisotropic (cosine) luminous intensity and placed at their center, if the distance to the observation point is approximately four times larger than their characteristic sizes. The issues outlined in this article will be useful for undergraduate students, who study the basics of photometry.

A Method for Setting the Clearance Angle

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bucek ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Clearance Angle ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.

A confocal laser scanning microscope for fluorescence and reflection at video rates

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
P.M. Houpt ◽  
A. Draaijer
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Ion Laser ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Point Detector

In confocal microscopy, the object is scanned by the coinciding focal points (confocal) of a point light source and a point detector both focused on a certain plane in the object. Only light coming from the focal point is detected and, even more important, out-of-focus light is rejected.This makes it possible to slice up optically the ‘volume of interest’ in the object by moving it axially while scanning the focused point light source (X-Y) laterally. The successive confocal sections can be stored in a computer and used to reconstruct the object in a 3D image display.The instrument described is able to scan the object laterally with an Ar ion laser (488 nm) at video rates. The image of one confocal section of an object can be displayed within 40 milliseconds (1000 х 1000 pixels). The time to record the total information within the ‘volume of interest’ normally depends on the number of slices needed to cover it, but rarely exceeds a few seconds.

Read, Understand, Learn, & Excel: Development and Testing of an Automated Reading Strategy Detection Algorithm for Postsecondary Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1257-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Kucheria ◽  
McKay Moore Sohlberg ◽  
Jason Prideaux ◽  
Stephen Fickas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeAn important predictor of postsecondary academic success is an individual's reading comprehension skills. Postsecondary readers apply a wide range of behavioral strategies to process text for learning purposes. Currently, no tools exist to detect a reader's use of strategies. The primary aim of this study was to develop Read, Understand, Learn, & Excel, an automated tool designed to detect reading strategy use and explore its accuracy in detecting strategies when students read digital, expository text.MethodAn iterative design was used to develop the computer algorithm for detecting 9 reading strategies. Twelve undergraduate students read 2 expository texts that were equated for length and complexity. A human observer documented the strategies employed by each reader, whereas the computer used digital sequences to detect the same strategies. Data were then coded and analyzed to determine agreement between the 2 sources of strategy detection (i.e., the computer and the observer).ResultsAgreement between the computer- and human-coded strategies was 75% or higher for 6 out of the 9 strategies. Only 3 out of the 9 strategies–previewing content, evaluating amount of remaining text, and periodic review and/or iterative summarizing–had less than 60% agreement.ConclusionRead, Understand, Learn, & Excel provides proof of concept that a reader's approach to engaging with academic text can be objectively and automatically captured. Clinical implications and suggestions to improve the sensitivity of the code are discussed.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8204786

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