scholarly journals The Quantum Mechanism of Earthquakes as Exemplified by a Sudden Ejection of Rocks and Gas from a Rock Mass during the Process of a Coulomb Explosion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serguei Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Coulomb Explosion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Quantum Processes ◽  
Quantum Version ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Moment

Abstract At the moment, there are several hypotheses in geophysics that explain especially dangerous processes of the earth's crust movements - sudden outbursts of rocks and gas from a rock mass from the point of view of classical physics. Despite the fact that various macroscopic systems can be accurately described using classical mechanics and electrodynamics, a real mechanism and a working model of this phenomenon cannot be built. Consequently, to develop a model of sudden outbursts of rocks and gas, it is necessary to apply new approaches and methods, different from the description of macroscopic systems. This article describes a quantum version of the process of the ejection of rocks from a rock mass. In particular, we described the mechanism of the Coulomb explosion that occurs in the rocks of the earth's crust with a sharp change in rock pressure and built a model of the sudden release of rocks and gases. In our opinion, the quantum processes described by us can be sources not only of sudden outbursts and rockslide but also sources of more formidable phenomena - earthquakes and volcanic explosions.

scholarly journals On the agency of water in volcanic eruptions; with some observations on the thickness of the Earth's crust from a geological point of view; and on the primary cause of volcanic action

1887 ◽  
Vol 41 (246-250) ◽  
pp. 117-173 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Earth's Crust

The important part played by water in volcanic eruptions is a well recognised and established fact, but there is great difference of opinion among geologists as to whether water should be considered the primary or secondary agent, and as to the mode, time, and place of its intervention. The prevailing opinion in this country is that water is the primary cause of volcanic activity. Whichever view may be adopted, the subject is one which is so largely concerned with the laws regulating the underground circulation of water, that the consideration of the two questions must proceed pari passu .

scholarly journals THE CAUSE OF HIGH INTENSITY OF SEISMICITY IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
O. Chalyi ◽  
M. Diaconescu ◽  
I. Gurova ◽  
Y. Lisovyi ◽  
P. Pigylevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Suture Zone ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Earthquake Focus ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Structural Plan ◽  
Earth's Crust

In the article, the earthquake near Sumy is considered in detail. According to the authors, this earthquake occurred under the influence of several stress regimes. At the regional level: it is related to the transfer of stresses from the Vrancea zone along the mantle lineament of Sollogub; a change in the local stress field, which is created by blocks with different thicknesses of the earth's crust, with the presence of subcrustal thermal anomalies. The area of the location of the earthquake focus near the town of Sumy in tectonic terms is on the southwestern slope of the Voronezh crystalline massif near the northeastern side of the Dnieper-Donets Basin (DDB). The epicenter is confined to the northern extension of the Krivyy-Rig-Kremenchug suture zone. The earthquake focus is confined to the tectonic node formed by the eastern edge fault of the Krivyy-Rig-Kremenchug suture zone and the northern side fracture of the DDB. The main deep faults near the source of the earthquake are the northern side fault of the DDB rift and the northern extension of the Krivyy Rig-Kremenchug fault. The hypocenter of the event is in the area with sharp change in the structural plan of the Moho surface accompanied by a negative mantle gravitational anomaly. In the relief of the Moho surface, a superimposition of the structural plan of the northwestern direction, connected with the Devonian rift of the DDV, on the ancient structural plan of the Ukrainian shield and Voronezh crystalline massive is clearly visible. Within the DDV, the isohypses of the Moho surface clearly delineate the ascent to ~ 35 km in the central part of the rift. The Krivyy-Rig-Kremenchug suture zone is expressed in the Moho surface by a narrow elongated depression with depths of more than 50 km in the central part. Here, in the lower part of the cortex, the development of the crust-mantle mixture is observed. The Krivyy-Rig-Kremenchug suture zone is also distinguished by the development of high-intensity deep magnetic inhomogeneities along it. In addition, here in the lower part of the crust and in the upper mantle a linear object of high electrical conductivity is isolated. Thus, the earth's crust of the region has a pronounced physic-geological heterogeneity, which creates instability of lithostatic stress, and this, in turn, is a prerequisite for the appearance of additional stresses.

scholarly journals Geoacoustic emission during the passage through the Earth's crust of high-energy cosmic ray muons

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
B. А. Iskakov ◽  
◽  
D. Besnosko ◽  
V. V. Zhukov ◽  
T. Kh. Sadykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Physics Institute ◽  
Acoustic Frequency ◽  
Geoacoustic Emission ◽  
Seismic Sensors ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Moment

The unresolved problem of traditional seismology to date is the separation from the stream of information recorded by numerous seismic sensors of a strictly defined signal about the approach of a catastrophic earthquake specific in time and space. Such a signal is usually lost against a constant background from a large number of another events. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, scientists from the Physics Institute and the Institute of Physics of the Earth developed a preliminary concept for a new promising direction in seismology. Using the signal from elastic vibrations in the acoustic frequency range for earthquake prediction. These signals can be generated by ionization. Ionization is formed at the moment of the passage of high-energy muons through a seismically stressed medium in the deep layers of the earth's crust. It is hoped that this method may be one way to predict earthquakes in the future.

scholarly journals XI. An experimental investigation into the flow of Marble

1901 ◽  
Vol 195 (262-273) ◽  
pp. 363-401 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Great Weight ◽  
Complicated Manner ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Earth's Crust

That rocks under the conditions to which they are subjected in many parts of the earth’s crust become bent and twisted in the most complicated manner is a fact which was recognised by the earliest geologists, and it needs but a glance at any of the accurate sections of contorted regions of the earth’s crust which have been prepared in more recent years to show not only that in many cases even the hardest rocks have been folded, but that there has often been a marked transfer or “flow” of material from one place to another in the folds. While, however, these facts are undisputed, the manner in which this contortion, with its concomitant flowing, has taken place is matter concerning which there lias been much discussion and a wide divergence ot opinion. Some authorities—among whom Heim* whose work, in Alpine geology must command the admiration of all, may be mentioned—have held that while, in the upper portions of the earth’s crust, rocks, when submitted to pressure, will break, giving rise to faults and overthrusts, the same rocks in the deeper portions of the earth’s crust are unable to break up in this way, owing to the great weight of the superincumbent strata. The lines of fracture become smaller and greatly increase in number, the various minerals constituting the rock thus breaking down into grains, which, however, move around and past one another, the adjacent grains always remaining within the sphere of cohesion. The structure becomes cataclastic ; the rock mass, acting as plastic bodies do, and flowing in the direction of least resistance, maintains its coherence while altering its shape. Heim believes that there is a further stage in the process which he thus describes :— “ Wird die umformende Kraft endlich so gross dass sie anstatt an ein, paar tausend Stellen die Festigkeit durch Bruch aufheben zu können, dieselbe in jedem einzelnen Punkte iiberwindet, so wird das Spaltennetz unendlich fein und das Gesteinskorn zur Kleinheit eines Molekules reducirt, d. h. die mechanische Bewegungseinheit ist nicht mehr ein Gesteinsbrocken sondern unendlich klein so dass die Bewegung einecontinuirliche Umformung ohne Bruch wird.’’

scholarly journals The principles of complexed multi-scale geodynamic monitoring of natural and technogenic processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Anikin ◽  
Iuliia Fedotova ◽  
Gennady Kursakin ◽  
Mikhail Lomov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Geodynamic Monitoring ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Underground Mine Workings ◽  
Earth's Crust

The principles of complexed geodynamic monitoring on the basis of long-term experience and research results of natural and man-made processes in the uranium deposits of the Streltsovsky ore province are proposed. The principles are to use simultaneously regular satellite, geodetical, seismical, geophysical, geological, and a number of other observations aimed at studying the upper part of the earth's crust. In the world’s mining practice, such large-scale integrated studies, where within the boundaries of one territory (a group of deposits or ore provinces) a similar set of observations aimed at monitoring geodynamic processes in the upper part of the earth's crust has not been found. The development of monitoring methods at the “Geodynamic polygon of the Streltsovsky ore field” and the additional placement of new multi-level monitoring systems will provide more information about the state of the rock mass in the upper part of the earth's crust, increase the reliability in prediction of dangerous geodynamic manifestations, identify their precursors and reduce the risk of man-made disasters. It is planned to create a common centre for processing and analysis of multiparameter data on geodynamic processes in the depth of the rock mass and local geomechanical processes near underground mine workings.

scholarly journals On the distribution of radium in the Earth's crust and on the Earth’s internal heat

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (519) ◽  
pp. 472-485 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust

Professor Rutherford has given a calculation which suggests that there may be enough radium in the earth to account for the temperature gradient observed near the surface. The question is of great interest from a cosmical point of view. For if we find that the earth’s internal heat is due to radio-activity, and if we assume, as has been usual, that this heat is due to some vestiges of the cause operative in the sun and stars, it would follow that these latter are heated by radio-active changes also.

scholarly journals CREATION OF SORPTION FILTER BARRIERS IN RELATION TO STRONTIUM AND ANTIMONY ON THE BASIS OF BRUCITE-CONTAINING ROCKS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Rodkina ◽  
◽  
E.N. Samarin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Geochemical Barriers ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Moment

In recent years, due to the growth of industry and the urbanization of territories, substances that are relatively rare in the earth's crust are actively included in the cycle of substances, and as a result, they accumulate in significant quantities in the hypergenesis zone. Accordingly, at the moment, the issue of developing recipes and methods for creating geochemical barriers to such substances is very acute.It is known that brucite-containing soils have an increased absorption capacity for heavy metals. Based on this, the authors conducted a number of experiments on the dynamic and static sorption of brucite-containing soils in relation to strontium and antimony. Experiments have shown that such soils can be recommended as sorption filter barriers in relation to the studied metals.

scholarly journals Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall building

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kollar ◽  
M. Mojzeš ◽  
M. Vaľko
Keyword(s):  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Model Computation ◽  
Loading Effect ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust

Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall buildingTall buildings can cause deformations of the earth's crust for long distances from the area of their realization. Monitoring the deformation of tall big buildings from geodetic networks realised near the building can also have deformations from this point of view, and analysis of the measurements can result in false conclusions. The loading effect of the earth crust must be excluded from the measurement parameters. The paper presents a model computation of the loading effect produced by tall buildings constructed of simple geometric forms on the earth's crust.

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