scholarly journals Identification and Pyramid of QTLs Based on Rice Short-wide Grain CSSL-Z414, SSSL, DSSL and Candidate Gene Analysis of qGL11 and qGW5

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Hongxia Yang ◽  
Guangyi Xu ◽  
Keli Deng ◽  
Jinjin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Segment Substitution

Abstract BackgroundMost of rice agronomic traits as grain length etc. are complex traits controlled by multiple genes. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for dissecting and studying of these complex traits. ResultsA rice short-wide grain CSSL Z414 was identified among progeny of the recipient parent Xihui 18 (an indica restorer line) and the donor parent Huhan 3 (a japonica cultivar). Z414 carried 4 substitution segments (average length was 3.04 Mb), and displayed shorter panicle length and less number of primary branches, shorter, wider and larger grain, higher brown rice rate and chalkiness degree when compared with Xihui 18. Then, 9 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for associated traits were identified using the secondary F2 population from Xihui 18 / Z414. Among them, 6 QTLs (qPL3, qGW5, qGL11, qRLW5, qRLW11, qGWT5) could be verified by corresponding single segment substitution lines (SSSLs, S1-S6). In addition, 4 QTLs (qGL3, qGL5, qCD3 and qCD5) were detected by S1 and S5, which was not detected by the F2 population. Thus, the grain length of Z414 was controlled by qGL11, qGL3 and qGL5, and the grain width of Z414 was answered by qGW5. Then by substitution mapping, qGL11 and qGW5 were delimited within the estimated substitution length of 1.42 and 1.14 Mb on chromosomes 11 and 5, and 4 and 2 candidate genes were found respectively for qGL11 and qGW5 by sequencing. However, only two had expression differences by qRT-PCR analysis. Finally, Analysis of QTL epistatic effects revealed that pyramid of qGL3 (a= 0.22) and qGL11 (a=-0.19) caused grain length of double segment substitution line (DSSL, D2) shorter than that of S5 (qGL11).ConclusionsWe developed a rice short –wide grain CSSL with 4 substitution segments from Huhan 3 based on the genetic backgrounds of Xihui 18. The grain width of Z414 was controlled by qGW5, and GS5 should be the candidate gene for qGW5 by sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis. The grain length of Z414 was controlled by qGL11, qGL3, and qGL5, and CycT1;3 should be the best candidate gene of qGL11, whose specific function of regulating grain length was still unknown, and qGL11 is epistatic to qGL3.

scholarly journals QTL Analysis Based on A Rice Short-Wide Grain CSSL-Z414 and Substitution Mapping of qGL11 and qGW5

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Hongxia Yang ◽  
Guangyi Xu ◽  
Keli Deng ◽  
Jinjin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Substitution Mapping ◽  
Segment Substitution ◽  
Novel Allele

Abstract Background: Most of rice agronomic traits as grain length etc. are complex traits controlled by multiple genes. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for dissecting and studying of these complex traits. Results: We developed a novel rice short-wide grain CSSL, Z414, deriving from progeny of the recipient parent Xihui 18 (an indica restorer line) and the donor parent Huhan 3 (a japonica cultivar). Z414 contained 4 substitution segments (average length was 3.04 Mb). Compared with Xihui 18, Z414 displayed seven significantly different traits as grain length, width and weight, chalkiness degree, brown rice rate etc. Then, 8 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found responding these difference traits by F2 population from Xihui 18/Z414. Among them, 6 QTLs (qPL3, qGW5, qGL11, qRLW5, qRLW11, qGWT5) could be verified by novel developed single segment substitution lines (SSSLs, S1-S6). In addition, 4 QTLs (qGL3, qGL5, qCD3 and qCD5) were novel detected by S1 and S5. Thus, the short–wide grain of Z414 was responded by qGL11, qGL3, qGL5, and qGW5. Then, qGL11 and qGW5 were delimited within intervals of 0.405 and 1.14 Mb on chromosomes 11 and 5, respectively, by substitution mapping. Again by sequencing, qRT-PCR and cell morphology analysis, qGW5 should be a novel allele of GS5 and qGL11 is novel QTL encoding CycT1;3, whose specific function of regulating grain length was still unknown. Finally, pyramid of qGL3 (a=0.22) and qGL11 (a=-0.19) displayed qGL11 epistatic to qGL3. In addition, novel S1 and D2 exhibited different grain sizes and lower chalkiness degree. They are potential to be directly used in breeding hybrid rice varieties.Conclusions: We constructed a novel rice short–wide grain CSSL-Z414 with 4 substitution segments based on the genetic backgrounds of Xihui 18. The broad grain of Z414 was controlled by qGW5, which should be a novel allele of GS5. The short grain of Z414 was controlled by qGL11, qGL3, and qGL5, and qGL11 is a novel QTL encoding CycT1;3, whose specific function of regulating grain length was still unknown, and qGL11 is epistatic to qGL3. Novel S1 and D2 are potential in hybrid rice varieties.

scholarly journals Identification, pyramid and candidate genes of QTLs for associated traits based on a dense erect panicle rice CSSL-Z749 and five SSSLs, three DSSLs and one TSSL

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachuan Wang ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Siqian Xiang ◽  
Qiuli Zhang ◽  
Ruxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Minor Qtls ◽  
Segment Substitution ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Background Seed-set density is an important agronomic trait in rice. However, its genetic mechanism is complex. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for studying complex traits. Results A rice CSSL, Z749, with a dense and erect panicle phenotype, was identified among progeny of the recipient parent Nipponbare and the donor parent Xihui 18. Z749 carried seven substitution segments (average length 2.12 Mb). Compared with Nipponbare, Z749 showed significant increases in the numbers of primary (NPB) and secondary branches (NSB), number of spikelets (SPP) and grains per panicle (GPP), seed-set density (SSD), and decrease in panicle length (PL). A secondary F2 population derived from a cross between Nipponbare and Z749 was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for associated traits. Fifteen QTLs distributed on chromosomes 5, 7, 8, and 10 were detected. The QTL qPL7 might be an allele of OsFAD8 and the remaining 14 QTLs (e.g., qSSD5 and qSSD10 etc.) might be novel. Fourteen QTLs were verified using five single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs). The seed-set density of Z749 was controlled predominantly by one major QTL (qSSD10) and two minor QTLs (qSSD5 and qSSD8). The QTLs qSSD10, qSSD5, and qSSD8 were fine-mapped to intervals of 1.05, 1.46, and 1.53 Mb on chromosomes 10, 5, and 8, respectively. Analysis of QTL additive effects indicated that qSSD5, qSSD8, and qSSD10 from Xihui18 increased seed-set density of Z749 by 14.10, 11.38, and 5.11 spikelets per 10 cm panicle, respectively. Analysis of QTL epistatic effects revealed that pyramiding of qSSD5 and qSSD8, qSSD5 and qSSD10, qSSD8 and qSSD10, and qSSD5, qSSD8 and qSSD10 produced novel genotypes with increased seed-set density. Conclusions Inheritance of seed-set density in Z749 was controlled predominantly by one major QTL (qSSD10) and two minor QTLs (qSSD5 and qSSD8). Then, they were fine-mapped to intervals of 1.05, 1.46, and 1.53 Mb on chromosomes 10, 5, 8, respectively. Two MAPK genes (OsMPK9 and OsMPK17) and one gene (candidate gene 6) involved in auxin metabolism might be candidate genes for qSSD5, and OsSAUR32 might be the candidate gene for qSSD8. Pyramiding of qSSD5, qSSD8, and qSSD10 enhanced seed-set density.

scholarly journals Identification, Pyramid and Candidate Genes of QTLs for Associated Traits Based on a Dense Erect Panicle Rice CSSL-Z749 and Five SSSLs, Three DSSLs and One TSSL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachuan Wang ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Siqian Xiang ◽  
Qiuli Zhang ◽  
Ruxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Minor Qtls ◽  
Segment Substitution ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Background Seed-set density is an important agronomic trait in rice. However, its genetic mechanism is complex. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for studying complex traits. Results A rice CSSL, Z749, with a dense and erect panicle phenotype, was identified among progeny of the recipient parent Nipponbare and the donor parent Xihui 18. Z749 carried seven substitution segments (average length 2.16 Mb). Compared with Nipponbare, Z749 showed significant increases in the numbers of primary (NPB) and secondary branches (NSB), number of spikelets (SPP) and grains per panicle (GPP), seed-set density (SSD), and decrease in panicle length (PL). A secondary F2 population derived from a cross between Nipponbare and Z749 was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for associated traits. Fifteen QTLs distributed on chromosomes 5, 7, 8, and 10 were detected. The QTL qPL7 might be an allele of OsFAD8 and the remaining 14 QTLs (e.g., qSSD5 and qSSD10 etc.) might be novel. Fourteen QTLs were verified using five single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs). The seed-set density of Z749 was controlled predominantly by one major QTL (qSSD10) and two minor QTLs (qSSD5 and qSSD8). The QTLs qSSD10, qSSD5, and qSSD8 were fine-mapped to intervals of 1.05, 1.46, and 1.53 Mb on chromosomes 10, 5, and 8, respectively. Analysis of QTL additive effects indicated that qSSD5, qSSD8, and qSSD10 from Xihui18 increased seed-set density of Z749 by 14.1, 11.38, and 5.11 spikelets per 10 cm panicle, respectively. Analysis of QTL epistatic effects revealed that pyramiding of qSSD5 and qSSD8, qSSD5 and qSSD10, qSSD8 and qSSD10, and qSSD5, qSSD8 and qSSD10 produced novel genotypes with increased seed-set density. Conclusions Inheritance of seed-set density in Z749 was controlled predominantly by one major QTL (qSSD10) and two minor QTLs (qSSD5 and qSSD8). Then, they were fine-mapped to intervals of 1.05, 1.46, and 1.53 Mb on chromosomes 10, 5, 8, respectively. Two MAPK genes (OsMPK9 and OsMPK17) and one gene (candidate gene 6) involved in auxin metabolism might be candidate genes for qSSD5, and OsSAUR32 might be the candidate gene for qSSD8. Pyramiding of qSSD5, qSSD8, and qSSD10 enhanced seed-set density.

scholarly journals QTL analysis based on a long-grain CSSL-Z1392 and SSSLs and fine mapping of qGL6

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangming Zhao ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Shiming Wang ◽  
Shuangfei Sun ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Major Qtls ◽  
Single Segment ◽  
Single Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Segment Substitution

Abstract Background: Grain shape affects not only rice yield but is also an important element in quality of appearance. However, the mechanism for inheritance of grain shape is unclear. Results: A rice chromosome segment substitution line Z1392, which harbors three substitution segments and produces grains of increased length, was identified. The three chromosome segments were located on chromosomes 1, 5, and 6, and the average length of the substitution segment was 4.29 Mb. Cytological analysis indicates that the predominant cause of increased grain length in Z1392 could be cell expansion in the glumes. 18 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for important agronomic traits were identified. The inheritance of grain length in Z1392 was controlled by two major QTLs, qGL-5 and qGL-6 . Finally, the qGL-6 was narrowed to a 1.26 Mb region on chromosome 6, and OsARF19 may be the candidate gene of qGL-6 . Based on QTL mapping, three single-segment substitution lines (S1, S2, and S3) and two double-segment substitution lines (D1 and D2) were selected, and the mapping accuracy for qGL-5 and qGL-6 was further verified using the three single-segment substitution lines. Analysis of QTL additive and epistatic effects revealed that the additive effect of alleles qGL5 and qGL6 from ‘Xihui 18’ was estimated to increase grain length of Z1392 by 0.22 and 0.15 mm, respectively. In addition, a positive epistatic interaction between qGL-5 and qGL-6 was detected, which indicates that the pyramiding of qGL-5 and qGL-6 for grain length produces a novel genotype with longer grains. Conclusions: Inheritance of grain length in the triple-segment substitution line Z1392 is controlled by two major QTLs, qGL-5 and qGL-6 , qGL-6 was narrowed to a 1.26 Mb region on chromosome 6, OsARF19 may be the candidate gene of qGL-6 . And a positive epistatic interaction between qGL-5 and qGL-6 results in longer grains. The present results could be used to facilitate cloning of the qGL-5 and qGL-6 genes and contribute to improvement in grain yield in rice.

Identification and pyramiding of QTLs for rice grain size based on short-wide grain CSSL-Z563 and fine-mapping of qGL3-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixuan Liang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qiuli Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Miaomiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Segment Substitution

Abstract Background: Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) can be used to dissect complex traits, from which single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) containing a target quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be developed, and they are thus important for functional analysis and molecular breeding. Results: A rice line with short wide grains, CSSL-Z563, was isolated from advanced-generation backcross population (BC3F6) derived from ‘Xihui 18’ (the recipient parent) and ‘Huhan 3’ (the donor parent). Z563 carried seven segments from ‘Huhan 3’, distributed on chromosomes 3, 7, and 8, with average substitution length of 5.52 Mb. Eleven QTLs for grain size were identified using secondary F2 population of ‘Xihui 18’/Z563. The QTLs qGL3-1, qGL3-2, and qGL7 control grain length in Z563 and have additive effects to reduce grain length; qGW3-1 and qGW3-2 control grain width in Z563 and have additive effects to increase grain width. Four SSSLs, three double-segment substitution lines (D1–D3), and two triple-segment substitution lines (T1 and T2) were developed containing the target QTLs. The genetic stability of nine QTLs, including qGL3-2, qGL3-1, and qGL7, was verified by the SSSLs. D1 (containing qGL3-2 and qGL3-1), D2 (qGL3-1 and qGL7), and T1 (qGL3-2, qGL3-1, and qGL7) had positive epistatic effects on grain length, and their grain length was shorter than that of the corresponding SSSLs. The QTL qGL3-2 was fine-mapped to a 696 Kb region of chromosome 3 containing five candidate genes that differed between ‘Xihui 18’ and Z563. These results are important for functional research on qGL3-2 and molecular breeding of hybrid rice cultivars.Conclusions: The short and wide grain of Z563 was mainly controlled by qGL3-1, qGL3-2, qGL7, qGW3-1 and qGW3-2. The major QTL qGL3-2 was fine-mapped to a 696 Kb region of chromosome 3 containing five candidate genes. Different QTLs pyramiding displayed various phenotypes. In essence, the performance after pyramiding of genes depended on the comparison between the algebraic sum of the additive and epistatic effects of QTLs in the pyramidal line and the additive effect value of the single QTL. The results lay good foundation in the functional analysis of qGL3-2 and molecular design breeding of novel hybrid rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Identification and Pyramiding of QTLs for Rice Grain Size Based on Short-Wide Grain CSSL-Z563 and Fine-Mapping of qGL3–2

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixuan Liang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qiuli Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Miaomiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Segment Substitution

Abstract Background Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) can be used to dissect complex traits, from which single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) containing a target quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be developed, and they are thus important for functional analysis and molecular breeding. Results A rice line with short wide grains, CSSL-Z563, was isolated from advanced-generation backcross population (BC3F6) derived from ‘Xihui 18’ (the recipient parent) and ‘Huhan 3’ (the donor parent). Z563 carried seven segments from ‘Huhan 3’, distributed on chromosomes 3, 7, and 8, with average substitution length of 5.52 Mb. Eleven QTLs for grain size were identified using secondary F2 population of ‘Xihui 18’/Z563. The QTLs qGL3–1, qGL3–2, and qGL7 control grain length in Z563 and have additive effects to reduce grain length; qGW3–1 and qGW3–2 control grain width in Z563 and have additive effects to increase grain width. Four SSSLs, three double-segment substitution lines (D1–D3), and two triple-segment substitution lines (T1 and T2) were developed containing the target QTLs. The genetic stability of eight QTLs, including qGL3–2, qGL3–1, and qGL7, was verified by the SSSLs. D1 (containing qGL3–2 and qGL3–1), D2 (qGL3–1 and qGL7), and T1 (qGL3–2, qGL3–1, and qGL7) had positive epistatic effects on grain length, and their grain length was shorter than that of the corresponding SSSLs. The QTL qGL3–2 was fine-mapped to a 696 Kb region of chromosome 3 containing five candidate genes that differed between ‘Xihui 18’ and Z563. These results are important for functional research on qGL3–2 and molecular breeding of hybrid rice cultivars. Conclusions The short and wide grain of Z563 was mainly controlled by qGL3–1, qGL3–2, qGL7, qGW3–1 and qGW3–2. The major QTL qGL3–2 was fine-mapped to a 696 Kb region of chromosome 3 containing five candidate genes. Different QTLs pyramiding displayed various phenotypes. In essence, the performance after pyramiding of genes depended on the comparison between the algebraic sum of the additive and epistatic effects of QTLs in the pyramidal line and the additive effect value of the single QTL. The results lay good foundation in the functional analysis of qGL3–2 and molecular design breeding of novel hybrid rice cultivars.

Identification, Pyramid and Candidate gene of QTL for Yield-related Traits Based on Rice CSSLs in Indica Xihui18 Background

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangfei Sun ◽  
Siqian Xiang ◽  
Meng Lv ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Single Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Segment Substitution

Abstract Chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) in rice is important for functional analysis and design breeding of target genes. Here, a novel rice CSSL-Z431 was identified from indica restorer line Xihui18 as recipient and Huhan3 as donor. Z431 contained six segments from Huhan3, with an average substitution length of 2.12 Mb. Compared with Xihui18, Z431 increased panicles per plant (PN) and displayed short-wide grains. The short-wide grain of Z431 were caused by reducing of cell length and increasing of cell width in the glume. Then, thirteen QTLs were identified in a secondary F2 population derived from Xihui18/Z431. Among them, six QTLs (qPN3, qGL3, qGW5, qRLW2, qRLW3, qGWT-5-2) were validated by four single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs, S1-S4) developed in F3. In addition, thirteen QTLs (qPN1, qPN2, qPL1, qPL2, qGPP1, qGPP2, qGL2, qGW1, qGW2, qGW3, qRLW5-2, qRLW1, qGWT2) were detected by these SSSLs, while not be identified in the F2 population from Xihui18/Z431. Increase of panicles per plant in Z431 was controlled by qPN3, qPN1 and qPN2. OsIAGLU should be the candidate gene for qPN3 by DNA sequencing. The short-wide grain of Z431 was controlled by qGL3, qGL2, qGW5, qGW2 and qGW3. By sequencing between Xihui18 and according SSSL, three candidate genes for qGL3 and two candidate genes for qGW5 were identified, respectively. In addition, pyramid of different QTLs (qPN1and qPN3; qPN2 and qPN3 etc.) yielded different epistatic effects. These results lay good foundation in molecular mechanism analysis of unreported genes and rice molecular design breeding.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of 117 Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines for Genetic Analyses of Complex Traits in Rice

Rice ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiongjiong Fan ◽  
Hua Hua ◽  
Zhaowei Luo ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Mengjiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chromosome Segment ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Segment Substitution

AbstractRice is one of the most important food crops in Asia. Genetic analyses of complex traits and molecular breeding studies in rice greatly rely on the construction of various genetic populations. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) serve as a powerful genetic population for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in rice. Moreover, CSSLs containing target genomic regions can be used as improved varieties in rice breeding. In this study, we developed a set of CSSLs consisting of 117 lines derived from the recipient ‘Huanghuazhan’ (HHZ) and the donor ‘Basmati Surkb 89–15’ (BAS). The 117 lines were extensively genotyped by whole-genome resequencing, and a high-density genotype map was constructed for the CSSL population. The 117 CSSLs covered 99.78% of the BAS genome. Each line contained a single segment, and the average segment length was 6.02 Mb. Using the CSSL population, we investigated three agronomic traits in Shanghai and Hangzhou, China, and a total of 25 QTLs were detected in both environments. Among those QTLs, we found that RFT1 was the causal gene for heading date variance between HHZ and BAS. RFT1 from BAS was found to contain a loss-of-function allele based on yeast two-hybrid assay, and its causal variation was a P to S change in the 94th amino acid of the RFT1 protein. The combination of high-throughput genotyping and marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a highly efficient way to construct CSSLs in rice, and extensively genotyped CSSLs will be a powerful tool for the genetic mapping of agronomic traits and molecular breeding for target QTLs/genes.

Dynamic Analysis of QTLs on Plant Height with Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fu ◽  
Hongyuan Zhao ◽  
Jiongkai Huang ◽  
Haitao Zhu ◽  
Xin Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Single Segment ◽  
Single Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Segment Substitution

Abstract Dynamic regulation of QTLs remains mysterious. Single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) and conditional QTL mapping and functional QTL mappings are ideal materials and methods to explore dynamics of QTLs for complex traits. This paper analyzed the dynamics of QTLs on plant height with SSSLs in rice. Five SSSLs were verified with plant height QTLs first. All five QTLs had significant positive effects at one or more developmental stages except QTL1. They interacted each other, with negative effects before 72 d after transplanting and positive effects since then. The five QTLs selectively expressed in specific periods, mainly in the periods from 35 to 42 d and from 49 to 56 d after transplanting. Expressions of epistasis were dispersedly in various periods, negative effects appearing mainly before 35 d. The five QTLs brought the inflexion point ahead of schedule, accelerated growth and degradation, and changed the peak plant height, while their interactions had the opposite effects. The information will be helpful to understand the genetic mechanism for developmental traits.

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