The Big Five Model in Bipolar Disorder: A Latent Profile Analysis and its Impact on Longterm Illness Severity

Abstract Background Using a personality typing approach, we investigated the relationship between personality profiles and the prediction of longterm illness severity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). While previous research suggests associations between BD and traits from the NEO-FFI profiles, the current study firstly aimed to identify latent classes of NEO-FFI profiles, and, secondly, to examine their impact on the longterm prognosis of BD. Methods Based on the NEO-FFI profiles of 134 euthymic patients diagnosed with BD (64.2% female, mean age = 44.3 years), successive latent profile analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a subsample (n = 80) was examined prospectively by performing multiple regression analysis to evaluate the longitudinal course of the disease (mean: 54.7 weeks) measured using a modified Morbidity Index. Results The latent profile analyses suggested a 3-class model typifying in a resilient (n = 68, 51%), vulnerable (n = 55, 41%) and highly vulnerable (n = 11, 8%) class. In the regression analysis, higher vulnerability predicted a higher longterm Morbidity Index ( R 2 = .28). Conclusions Subgroups of patients with BD share a number of discrete personality features and their illness is characterized by a similar clinical course. This knowledge is valuable in a variety of clinical contexts including early detection, intervention planning and treatment process.

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PERSONALITY TYPES ON NEW GROUND: LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS BASED ON THREE PSYCHOLEXICAL MODELS OF PERSONALITY

Primenjena psihologija ◽

10.19090/pp.2016.1.41-61 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Selka Sadiković ◽

Dina Fesl ◽

Petar Čolović

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Personality Types ◽

Short Version ◽

Big Five Model ◽

The Stability ◽

Latent Profile

The aim of the research was to determine the number, characteristics, and the level of convergence of personality types extracted in the space of the three psycho-lexical conceptualizations of personality – The Big Five, HEXACO, and The Big Seven. The study was conducted on a sample consisting of 343 participants (55.7% female), aged 18–60 (M = 33.99). The participants completed the IPIP-50 (Big Five model operationalization), IPIP-HEXACO (HEXACO model operationalization) and the BF+2-70 (short version of the questionnaire for assessing seven lexical dimensions in Serbian language) questionnaires. Latent profile analysis was conducted in the space of dimension scores of the three questionnaires. The Bayesian information criterion suggested three-class solution to be optimal in the space of all three questionnaires. Analyzing the structure of latent profiles, the classes within the three models were interpreted as “resilient”, “reserved”, and “maladjusted”. The congruency of classes was analyzed by multiple correspondence analyses, which indicated a high convergence of types in the two-dimensional space. Results indicate a distinct similarity between the extracted profiles with the profiles from previous studies, generally pointing towards the stability of the three big personality prototypes.

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Latent Profile Analysis of Personality Dimensions Among Juvenile Offenders: Relevance for Predicting Offending Seriousness

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128720928920 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 001112872092892

Author(s):

Thomas Wojciechowski

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

Binomial Regression ◽

Pathways To Desistance ◽

Latent Profile

There is a burgeoning base of research identifying personality as a predictor of offending. However, research has focused on personality dimensions, rather than full personality profiles as predictors. The present study utilized the Pathways to Desistance data to examine the relationship between personality profiles and offending. This sample comprised 1,354 juvenile offenders followed during the study period of 2000 to 2010. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns across dimensions to elucidate personality profiles. Negative binomial regression was used to examine profiles as predictors of offending. Results indicated that a two-profile model fit the data. Participants assigned to the Undercontrolled profile (high in neuroticism and low in all other dimensions) engaged in more serious offending than the Resilient profile.

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Variants of Psychopathy in Chinese Juvenile Offenders: A Latent Profile Analysis

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/00938548211043149 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009385482110431

Author(s):

Meng-Cheng Wang ◽

Xintong Zhang ◽

Jie Gong ◽

Jiaxin Deng ◽

Jie Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Cognitive Empathy ◽

Affective Empathy ◽

Latent Profile Analyses ◽

Key Variables ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Latent Profile

Despite considerable understanding on the psychopathy subtypes in detained populations, the variants of psychopathy in non-Western populations are less well understood. To address this gap, the present study conducted a series of latent profile analyses with the factors of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, childhood trauma, and trait anxiety in 560 Chinese incarcerated boys ( Mage = 16.92, SD = 0.81). Four subgroups emerged: relatively normal (67.3%); callous, psychopathy-like (2.8%); moderate psychopathy-like (24.8%); and high traumatic, moderate psychopathy-like (5.1%). Moreover, the modified Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars method was used to examine the significant mean differences on covariates across profiles, including proactive aggression, reactive aggression, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy. Results showed that the psychopathic profiles displayed differences on key variables. The callous, psychopathy-like group endorsed higher aggression and lower empathy. This study provides initial empirical support for the existence of psychopathy variants and enhances the understanding of the psychopathic construct in non-Western cultures.

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Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714002918 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 1751-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

K. A. Kaplan ◽

E. L. McGlinchey ◽

A. Soehner ◽

A. Gershon ◽

L. S. Talbot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Excessive Sleepiness ◽

Time In Bed ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Latent Profile

Background.Though poorly defined, hypersomnia is associated with negative health outcomes and new-onset and recurrence of psychiatric illness. Lack of definition impedes generalizability across studies. The present research clarifies hypersomnia diagnoses in bipolar disorder by exploring possible subgroups and their relationship to prospective sleep data and relapse into mood episodes.Method.A community sample of 159 adults (aged 18–70 years) with bipolar spectrum diagnoses, euthymic at study entry, was included. Self-report inventories and clinician-administered interviews determined features of hypersomnia. Participants completed sleep diaries and wore wrist actigraphs at home to obtain prospective sleep data. Approximately 7 months later, psychiatric status was reassessed. Factor analysis and latent profile analysis explored empirical groupings within hypersomnia diagnoses.Results.Factor analyses confirmed two separate subtypes of hypersomnia (‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’) that were uncorrelated. Latent profile analyses suggested a four-class solution, with ‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’ again representing two separate classes. Prospective sleep data suggested that the sleep of ‘long sleepers’ is characterized by a long time in bed, not long sleep duration. Longitudinal assessment suggested that ‘excessive sleepiness’ at baseline predicted mania/hypomania relapse.Conclusions.This study is the largest of hypersomnia to include objective sleep measurement, and refines our understanding of classification, characterization and associated morbidity. Hypersomnia appears to be comprised of two separate subgroups: long sleep and excessive sleepiness. Long sleep is characterized primarily by long bedrest duration. Excessive sleepiness is not associated with longer sleep or bedrest, but predicts relapse to mania/hypomania. Understanding these entities has important research and treatment implications.

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Quality of life, functioning and cognition in bipolar disorder and major depression: A latent profile analysis

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 241 ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Charles Cotrena ◽

Laura Damiani Branco ◽

Renata Kochhann ◽

Flávio Milman Shansis ◽

Rochele Paz Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Life Functioning ◽

Latent Profile

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Defining Subtypes in Children with Nail Biting: A Latent Profile Analysis of Personality

Psychiatry Investigation ◽

10.30773/pi.2019.0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 517-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yunhye Oh ◽

Jungwon Choi ◽

Yul-Mai Song ◽

Kyungun Jhung ◽

Young-Ryeol Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Developmental Trajectory ◽

Personality Profile ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Problematic Behavior ◽

Significant Group ◽

Nail Biting ◽

Latent Profile

Objective This study aimed to examine personality profiles and behavioral problems of children with nail biting (NB) to gain insight into the developmental trajectory of pathological NB.Methods 681 elementary school students were divided into non NB (n=436), occasional NB (n=173) and frequent NB group (n=72) depending on the frequency of NB reported in Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). Children’s personality was assessed using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and behavioral problems were assessed using the CBCL. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was performed using JTCI profiles to classify personalities of the children with NB (belonging to frequent and occasional NB group, n=245).Results For subscale scores of CBCL, the total, internalizing, externalizing, anxious/depressed withdrawn/depressed, depression, thought, rule-breaking, and aggressive behavior problems, were most severe in the frequent NB group followed by occasional NB and non NB group. LPA of personality profile in children with NB revealed four classes (‘adaptiveness,’ ‘high reward dependence,’ ‘low self-directedness,’ and ‘maldaptiveness’). The four personality classes demonstrated significant group differences in all of the CBCL subscales. Children who showed low self-directedness and cooperativeness and high novelty seeking and harm avoidance personality profiles demonstrated highest tendency for problematic behavior irrespective of the frequency of NB.Conclusion Children with NB reported significantly more problematic behaviors compared to children without NB. Children with specific personality profile demonstrated higher tendency for problematic behavior irrespective of the frequency of NB. Therefore, accompanying personality profiles should be considered when assessing behavioral problems in children with NB.

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Beyond the Liberal–Conservative Binary: Generosity, Religion, and a Latent Profile Analysis of Moral Foundations in a Christian Sample

American Behavioral Scientist ◽

10.1177/0002764219850867 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (14) ◽

pp. 1938-1964 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tyler S. Greenway ◽

Joel Jin ◽

Abigail M. Shepherd ◽

Sarah A. Schnitker

Keyword(s):

Political Ideology ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Religious Fundamentalism ◽

Moral Foundations ◽

Christian Church ◽

Charitable Organization ◽

Latent Profile Analyses ◽

Latent Profile

This study conducted an experiment to examine the associations between moral foundations profiles, religion, and generosity ( N = 313). Previously identified profiles were replicated with latent profile analyses based on the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). Four MFQ profiles (Neutral, High Moralist, Moderate, and Individuator) were identified in this study of Christian church attenders. Significant differences across these four profiles are associated with distinctions in generosity, some components of empathy, religiousness, and political ideology. Compared with the other three profiles, individuals with the Individuator profile donated more of their participant payment to a charitable organization run by a religious out-group (Muslims). In contrast, there were no differences between profiles on donations to the in-group, secular groups, or total donations. Religious fundamentalism was lowest among Individuators and highest among High Moralists, the latter of whom also reported higher interpersonal generosity than Moderates.

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Mental Health and Personality Traits during COVID-19 in China: A Latent Profile Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168693 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8693

Author(s):

Mei Li ◽

Md Zahir Ahmed ◽

Fatema Akhter Hiramoni ◽

Aibao Zhou ◽

Oli Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Health Problems ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

Latent Profile

During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems have increased and are likely to be influenced by personality traits. The present study investigated the association between personality traits and mental health problems (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) symptoms, and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms) through the person-centered approach because this has some advantages over the variable-centered approach. The data were collected from a sample of 765 Chinese citizens who participated in an online survey in October 2020. Latent profile analysis identified three latent personality profiles—highly adaptive, adaptive, and maladaptive. Highly adaptive individuals had higher extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and lower neuroticism, while maladaptive individuals had lower extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and higher neuroticism. Multivariate analysis of variance results showed that individuals with highly adaptive profiles had lower anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms compared to individuals with adaptive and maladaptive profiles. The findings of the present study indicate mental health professionals would benefit from formulated intervention plans given the association between latent personality profiles and mental health problems.

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