scholarly journals Social Cohesion Strengthens Compliance With COVID-19 Restrictions: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Borinca ◽  
siobhan Griffin ◽  
Cillian McHugh ◽  
Daragh Bradshaw ◽  
Sarah Jay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Longitudinal Mediation ◽  
Mediation Models

Abstract Background: Although citizens in countries worldwide took coordinated steps to support collective public health during the COVID-19 pandemic, the processes that encourage citizens to adhere with COVID-19 restrictions are not fully understood. Method: A three-wave study with a sample of Irish citizens (N Wave 1 = 1,800) was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to examine the effect of national trust on individual and normative compliance with COVID-19 restrictions directly or indirectly through social cohesion. Two longitudinal mediation models were tested. Results: In the first model, national trust significantly and positively predicted social cohesion, which in turn significantly and positively predicted personal compliance with COVID-19 restrictions. The second model showed a similar pattern, whereby national trust significantly predicted social cohesion, which in turn predicted normative compliance with the restrictions. Conclusions: National trust and social cohesion both work to promote adherence to COVID19 guidelines.

scholarly journals Treating Public Health Dilemma of Gingival Recession by the Dehydrated Amnion Allograft: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Tanvi Hirani ◽  
Sujay Shah ◽  
Rupal Mehta ◽  
Susmita R. Bhakkand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gingival Recession

Family History of Chronic Disease and Meeting Public Health Guidelines for Physical Activity: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Shuval ◽  
Chung-Yi Chiu ◽  
Carolyn E. Barlow ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Darla E. Kendzor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Effect of Additional Private Health Insurance on Mortality in the Context of Universal Public Health Insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8363
Author(s):  
Eun-Mi Baek ◽  
Jae-Il Oh ◽  
Eun-Jung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Public Health Insurance ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

(1) Background: Korea operates its national health insurance (NHI) system as a form of public health insurance, and is commonly regarded as having achieved universal health coverage (UHC). However, many Korean households register for additional private health insurance (PHI) programs. Typically, registration rates for PHI are higher for individuals with a higher socioeconomic status (SES). A difference in mortality between those with and without additional PHI would indicate that there are health inequalities within the Korean NHI system under UHC. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm whether additional PHI affects mortality under the Korean NHI system. (2) Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data from the first to the sixth wave. The analysis included 8743 participants, who were divided into two groups: those who only had NHI and those who had both NHI and PHI. Differences in mortality between the two groups were compared using the Cox proportional hazard regression. (3) Results: The group with both NHI and PHI had lower mortality than the group with only NHI (hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.41, 0.9). (4) Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that there are health disparities according to SES and PHI within the Korean NHI system under UHC. Therefore, relevant government institutions and experts should further improve the NHI system to reduce health disparities.

scholarly journals Pathways from assaultive violence to post-traumatic stress, depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms through stressful life events: longitudinal mediation models

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 2556-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Lowe ◽  
S. Joshi ◽  
S. Galea ◽  
A. E. Aiello ◽  
M. Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Longitudinal Mediation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychiatric Outcomes ◽  
Mediation Models

BackgroundAssaultive violence events are associated with increased risk for adverse psychiatric outcomes, including post-traumatic stress (PTS), depression, and generalized anxiety. Prior research has indicated that economic, legal, and social stressors that could follow assaultive events may explain the increased risk for adverse psychiatric outcomes, yet longitudinal studies have not adequately examined this pathway. In the current study, we aimed to address this limitation.MethodsParticipants (N = 1360) were part of a longitudinal population-based study of adults living in Detroit. At three waves, participants indicated their exposure to assaultive violence and economic, legal, and social stressors, and completed inventories of PTS, depression, and generalized anxiety. Longitudinal mediation models were used to test the hypothesized pathway from assaultive violence to each psychiatric outcome.ResultsThe hypothesized models evidenced good fit with the data and, in each, the paths from Wave 1 (W1) assaultive violence to W2 stressors, and from W2 stressors to W3 symptoms were significant (range of Standardized Estimates: 0.09–0.15, all p < 0.01). Additionally, the indirect paths from W1 assaultive violence to W3 symptoms were significant (range of Standardized Estimates: 0.01–0.02, all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings illustrate that the economic, legal, and social stressors that could follow assaultive violence increase risk for a range of psychiatric symptoms. Although future research is needed, the results suggest that investment in interventions that prevent and mitigate assaultive violence survivors’ exposure to such stressors may be an effective way to prevent mental illness in the aftermath of violent assaults.

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