Prevalence, Causes and associated factors for Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) at St. Joseph referral hospital Peramiho-Songea, Tanzania; A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Peter Mvandal ◽  
Kindimba Coletha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Home Deliveries

Abstract Background The prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is increasing globally that is from 6.5% in 2000 to 11% in 2016. But there are regional variations where there is decrease of PPH in some parts of Asia and increase in Africa and developed countries. Objectives The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, causes and associated factors for postpartum haemorrhage at St. Joseph referral hospital in Peramiho- Songea from November 2017 to December 2019. Method The retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study was used and data was obtained from maternity hospital registry book/data base of St. Joseph mission hospital in Peramiho Songea, from November 2017 to November 2019. Descriptive data was analysed by tables and graphs. Results The prevalence of PPH in Peramiho referral hospital was 1.3% in 2017, 1.26% in 2018 and 1.4% in 2019. The overage prevalence for the three years is 1.3%. However, 73.3% of total prevalence is from home deliveries in rural areas. The main cause of PPH in the hospital was uterus atony (42%), retained placenta (15.5%), 3rd and 4th grade tears (11.2%), uterine rupture (8.1%) and coagulopathy (5.6%). The main attributing factors were age > 35years (34%), other antenatal pregnancy complication (27%), previous PPH (18.6%), Antenatal anaemia (16%), placenta previa, Eclampsia, preeclampsia (12%) each. Conclusion The prevalence of PPH from this study is slightly high with the main cause being uterine atony and affected mainly those undergone SVD where about two quarter were home deliveries. However further research studies are needed to investigate the main reason for higher home deliveries in Peramiho residence and nearby area.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Causes and Associated Factors for Postpartum Haemorrhage (Pph) At St. Joseph Referral Hospital Peramiho-Songea, Tanzania; A Hospital-Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Mvandal ◽  
Coletha Kindimba
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Home Deliveries

Background: The prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is increasing globally that is from 6.5% in 2000 to 11% in 2016. But there are regional variations where there is decrease of PPH in some parts of Asia and increase in Africa and developed countries. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, causes and associated factors for postpartum haemorrhage at St. Joseph referral hospital in Peramiho- Songea from November 2017 to December 2019. Method: The retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study was used and data was obtained from maternity hospital registry book/data base of St. Joseph mission hospital in Peramiho Songea, from November 2017 to November 2019. Descriptive data was analysed by tables and graphs. Results: The prevalence of PPH in Peramiho referral hospital was 1.3% in 2017, 1.26% in 2018 and 1.4% in 2019. The overage prevalence for the three years is 1.3%. However, 73.3% of total prevalence is from home deliveries in rural areas. The main cause of PPH in the hospital was uterus atony (42%), retained placenta (15.5%), 3rd and 4th grade tears (11.2%), uterine rupture (8.1%) and coagulopathy (5.6%). The main attributing factors were age >35years (34%), other antenatal pregnancy complication (27%), previous PPH (18.6%), Antenatal anaemia (16%), placenta previa, Eclampsia, preeclampsia (12%) each. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPH from this study is slightly high with the main cause being uterine atony and affected mainly those undergone SVD where about two quarter were home deliveries. However further research studies are needed to investigate the main reason for higher home deliveries in Peramiho residence and nearby area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors for Protein Energy Malnutrition Among Children Below 5 Years Admitted at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiu Adewale SUBERU ◽  
Leila Aweis MAALIM ◽  
Saheed Adekunle AKINOLA ◽  
Yusuf Olusola FASEUN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

Abstract Background Undernutrition immensely contribute to the death of almost half of the children under 5 years, translating into the loss of about 3 million young lives a year. In developing countries, penultimate to hunger that constitute to the death of most children, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) amongst other factors account for the death of 49% of children below the age of five. Due to incessant increase in poverty level in Uganda, Jinja District five-year development plan of 2011 was designed to curb menace posed by malnutrition not only on children but also adults in this district. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PEM among under-fives admitted in the paediatric wards of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH). Methods To carry out this study, a descriptive questionnaire-based and facility-based cross-sectional study design was used which will apply both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study involved a sample size of 364 with the study population being under-fives admitted in the paediatric wards of JRRH between March and August 2019.Results Results of this study shows that 52 out of 364 admissions were due to PEM giving a prevalence of 14.29%, males being affected more than females, with suboptimal immunization history. Children aged between 12 – 24 months contributed the highest (34.62%) cases of PEM and most are living in rural areas with low family socio-economic status and poor breastfeeding and feeding practices. The under-five PEM case-fatality rate was 2% (1 out of 52). Conclusion In conclusion, both the prevalence and case fatality rates of under-five PEM were high, calling for appropriate interventions based on the associated factors.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF PREMATURE EJACULATION AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF MALAYSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Mohd Fadhli Samsuri ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Nazarudin Safian ◽  
Zulkifli Md Zainuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with of Premature Ejaculation &Erectile Dysfunctionamong Malaysian men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas using standardized and validated self-administered questionnaires. A total of 319 samples were recruited for PE screening. The overall prevalence of PE was 31.7% with 20.7% and 40.8% for urban and rural area respectively. Depression, anxiety and frequent masturbation were significantly associated with PE. While For ED, infrequent sexual intercourse was the sole factor significantly associated with ED.PE and ED were highly prevalent in both urban and rural areas; with several significant preventable associated factors.

scholarly journals Pterygium and associated factors among adults: a hospital-based prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Chhimi Wangmo ◽  
Nor Tshering Lepcha
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: The aim of this hospital-based study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of pterygium among adult patients visiting the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department (OPD) in the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Thimphu. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the ophthalmology OPD in the national referral hospital, Thimphu from 1st January, 2018 to 31st December, 2018, during which 1599 adult patients were selected through systematic random sampling. Results: The prevalence of pterygium was 12.8% (95% CI: 11.2 -14.5). Among 271 eyes with pterygium, the distribution of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 pterygium was 34.7%, 56.1% and 9.2% respectively. Pterygium wasmost common in the age group of 36-55 years. The significant factors associated with pterygium were age group, occupation and usage of sunglasses. Individuals who were 36-55 years (adjusted OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.82-4.0) and >55 years (adjusted OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.34-3.50) had significantly higher risk than 18-35 years (p< 0.002), and not using sunglasses (adjusted OR 1.97, 95% CI1.17-3.33, p = 0.007) significantly increased the risk of pterygium. Indoor occupation, particularly being a student was protective against pterygium (OR 0.08, 95% CI 10.02-0.33, p< 0.001). Only 14.1% used sunglasses and among them, 27.6% were aware that sunglasses can protect from ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of pterygium among adults aged 18 years and above. Those aged 36-55 years and an occupation involving outdoor activities were affected more. Encouraging usage of sunglasses may reduce pterygium

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CARBONATED SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MALAYSIAN ADOLESCENTS: A NATIONWIDE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
Rashidah Ambak ◽  
S. Maria Awaluddin ◽  
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽  
Noor Safiza Mohamad Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

Carbonated soft drinks (CSD) consumption is one of the contributing factors to weight gain, dental caries and non-communicable diseases among adolescents. This study aims to determine CSD consumption among Malaysian adolescents and their associated factors. The Adolescent Health Survey 2017, was a nationally representative survey sampled school-going adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Findings reported that 36.9% of adolescents reported CSD consumption at least once daily in the past 30 days, and the prevalence was higher than a similar study conducted in 2012. Boys, schools in rural areas, lower secondary schoolers, not physically active, consuming fast food, having food insecurity, and truancy problem reported significantly higher odds of consuming CSD compared to their counterparts. By ethnicity, Bumiputera Sarawak adolescents showed the highest odds of consuming CSD and followed by Bumiputera Sabah. Thus, interventions to limit CSD consumption among Malaysian adolescents should consider the factors highlighted in this study.

scholarly journals The status and associated factors of early childhood caries among 3- to 5-year-old children in Guangdong, Southern China: a provincial cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Weihua Fan ◽  
Yueshan Zhou ◽  
Linmei Wu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2592 participants was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method during December 2015 and April 2016. The participants were divided into three groups according to their ages (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). Half of the participants were derived from urban areas, while the other from rural areas. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants’ parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t-test, Chi2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC. Results The prevalence (% dmft > 0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5–70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17–4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft. Conclusions Preschool children in Guangdong Province, especially children from rural areas, experienced a significant amount of ECC. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors. More attention should be given to prevention of ECC from early life. The construction of social support for oral health should be strengthened. Oral health education and promotion, especially of rural areas, should be intensified to reduce the inequality between urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Perception of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Semi-urban Community in North-east Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
A Abdu ◽  
M S Umar ◽  
K Y Audi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
North East ◽  
End Stage

Of the nine million individuals on dialysis worldwide, more than 90% are in developed countries with lower figures reported from lower to middle-income countries. This is mainly due to Unaffordability of this therapy by the great majority of people who are poor and living in rural areas. There is, therefore, the need for effective preventive measures to reduce the progression of patients to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). This can only be achieved by properly educating the people. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on World Kidney day 2018 at Bayara a semi-urban community near Bauchi metropolis. Interviewer-assisted questionnaires were administered to all individuals to assess the knowledge and perception of the participants. A total of 132 individuals completed the questionnaire out of which 81.8% were females. The mean age of the participants was 39.98±12.5 years and a range of 15-65 years. About 27.3% of the respondents didn’t know the correct number and position of the kidney. 65% didn’t know any risk factor for kidney disease while 4.5% and 1.5% could mention hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The Status and Associated Factors  of Early Childhood Caries among 3- to 5-year-old Children in Guangdong, Southern  China: A Provincial Cross-sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Weihua Fan ◽  
Yueshan Zhou ◽  
Linmei Wu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2592 participants was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method during December 2015 and April 2016. The participants were divided into three groups according to their ages (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants’ parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t -test, Chi 2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC. Results: The prevalence (% dmft >0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5-70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17-4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft. Conclusions: Preschool children in Guangdong Province, especially children from rural areas, experienced a significant amount of ECC. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors. More attention should be given to prevention of ECC from early life. The construction of social support for oral health should be strengthened. Oral health education and promotion, especially of rural areas, should be intensified to reduce the inequality between urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Home Delivery among Women Living in Remote Areas of Rural Zambia: A Cross-Sectional, Mixed-Methods Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ireen Chola Mwape Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Deliveries ◽  
At Home

Luapula Province has the highest maternal mortality and one of the lowest facility-based births in Zambia. The distance to facilities limits facility-based births for women in rural areas. In 2013, the government incorporated maternity homes into the health system at the community level to increase facility-based births and reduce maternal mortality. Despite the policy to stopping traditional birth attendants from conducting deliveries at home and encouraging all women to give birth at the health facility under skilled care, many women still give birth at home. An exploratory cross section survey was used to gather data by conducting structured interviews with 50 women of childbearing age who had a recent or previous home delivery. The following factors were found to be associated with home deliveries in surrounding villages in kashikishi; abrupt onset/precipitate labor, long distance/transport difficulties to reach the nearest health facility, having had successful HD, poverty/low income and gender though having a small percentage. Parity in which the majority were multiparas’ women, attitude was also associated with home deliveries and other unforeseen circumstances such as a funeral and being alone at home at the onset of labour.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and associated factors among Rwandan youth aged 15-34 years: Findings from a nationwide survey, 2013

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Habiyaremye ◽  
Samuel Rwunganira ◽  
Clarisse Musanabaganwa ◽  
Marie Aimée Muhimpundu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Tobacco

AbstractIntroductionTobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and identify associated factors among Rwandans aged 15-34 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study analysed secondary data collected during the nationally representative Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Surveillance survey conducted in 2013 to explore the prevalence of tobacco use in Rwanda and identify factors associated with tobacco use. This study analysed data collected from 3,900 youth participants (15-34 years old), selected using multistage cluster sampling technique. The overall proportion of current smokers, as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were determined and multivariable logistic regression employed to identify factors independently associated with current tobacco use.ResultsThe prevalence (weighted) of current tobacco use (all forms) was 8% (95%CI: 7.08-9.01). Prevalence statistically significant was found in the following group: higher prevalence was found among males, young adults aged 24-34, youth with primary school education or less, those from Southern province, people with income (work in public, private organizations and self-employed) and young married adults.There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of tobacco use between participants from urban or rural areas (7.8% vs. 8.0%). Factors that were found to be associated with current tobacco use through the multivariate analysis included being a male, aged 25 years and above, having an income, and residing in Eastern, Kigali City and Southern Province compared to Western province.ConclusionThe association between smoking and sociodemographic characteristics among Rwandan youth identified in this study provides an opportunity for policy makers to tailor future policies, and implement coordinated, high-impact interventions to prevent initiation of tobacco use among the youth.

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