scholarly journals The Correlation between temperature and COVID-19 Incidence: An ecologic study

Mapping Intimacies â—½  
2021 â—½  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mirahmadizadeh â—½  
Alireza Heiran â—½  
Abdolrasool Hemmati â—½  
Mehrzad Lotfi â—½  
Mahsa Akbari â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Disease Transmission â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Cold Climate â—½  
Fars Province â—½  
Warm Climate â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate â—½  
Ecologic Study â—½  
Daily Data â—½  
Rate Method

Abstract Background It has been hypothesized that the COVID-19 is less prevalent in regions with warm climates. Here we investigated the correlation between temperature and the cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate. Method Daily data of the temperature and the cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate were obtained from meteorological stations’ reports and CORONALAB database, respectively, for every 36 counties of Fars province, southern Iran. Results A decreasing pattern in the cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 was occurred at 20-25°C and 25-35°C for counties with the cold climate and counties with the warm climate, respectively; while it was increased at both upper and lower temperatures. Conclusion It appears that higher rates of disease transmission at temperatures below 20°C and above 35°C might be linked to people’s indoor gatherings, coupled with insufficient ventilation.

Incidence of Cancer after a Second Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolic Event

2019 â—½  
Vol 119 (03) â—½  
pp. 490-495 â—½  
Author(s):  
Shéhérazade Rézig â—½  
Raphael Mao â—½  
Francis Couturaud â—½  
Karine Lacut â—½  
Aurélien Delluc
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Cancer Diagnosis â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Venous Thromboembolic Event â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate â—½  
Incidence Of Cancer â—½  
Kaplan Meier â—½  
Screening Strategies â—½  
Venous Thromboembolic â—½  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

AbstractPatients with two unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) events could be at high risk for cancer diagnosis and may therefore benefit from extended cancer screening strategies. However, accurate data on the incidence of cancer in this population is lacking. In a prospective cohort study, we followed-up with all patients who experienced two unprovoked symptomatic VTE events that occurred in less than 2 years apart. We estimated the 1-year incidence rate of cancer following the second unprovoked VTE event using the Kaplan–Meier method. Potential predictors for cancer diagnosis were assessed using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Between May 2000 and December 2013, we included 197 patients with two episodes of symptomatic unprovoked VTE that occurred in less than 2 years apart. Their mean age was 66.2 ± 16.3 years, and 122 (51.8%) were male. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with cancer during the year following the second episode of unprovoked VTE, corresponding to a cumulative incidence rate of 9.19% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.81–14.37). The 1-year cumulative incidence rate of cancer was 35.88% (95% CI: 19.75–59.25) in patients with VTE recurrence on anticoagulation, 5.51% (95% CI: 2.9–10.32) among patients with a second episode of unprovoked VTE occurring after stopping anticoagulation and 1.15% (95% CI: 0.16–7.88) when time elapsed between the first and recurrent VTE was > 1 year. Our study suggests that the incidence of cancer in patients with a second episode of unprovoked VTE that occurs off anticoagulation, or > 1 year after the first event, is similar to that of patients with a first unprovoked VTE event.

scholarly journals Increase in Adiponectin Level Prevents the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men With Low Adiponectin Levels

2018 â—½  
Vol 2 (7) â—½  
pp. 753-764 â—½  
Author(s):  
Risa Kashiwagi â—½  
Yuya Yamada â—½  
Yoshito Ito â—½  
Yuto Mitsui â—½  
Takaaki Sakaue â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes â—½  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Large Scale â—½  
Adiponectin Level â—½  
Incidence Rates â—½  
Japanese Men â—½  
Baseline Serum â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate

Abstract Context Low serum adiponectin (Ad) level is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective To determine whether the changes in Ad in subjects with low baseline serum Ad levels can reduce the rate of development of T2DM. Design/Setting/Participants We performed a large-scale longitudinal study of 7052 healthy Japanese men who underwent general health checkups more than twice between April 2007 and May 2015 at the Physical Check up Center, Sumitomo Hospital. The participants were divided into quartile groups according to baseline Ad level. Subjects of the lowest baseline Ad group (≤5.2 μg/mL) were subdivided into quartile subgroups according to the percent change in Ad (%ΔAd) and into two subgroups according to endpoint Ad (>5.2 and ≤5.2 μg/mL). Main Outcome Measures The cumulative incidence rate of T2DM. Results The cumulative incidence rate of T2DM of the lowest baseline Ad group (≤5.2 μg/mL) was significantly higher than the other quartile groups. The cumulative incidence rates of T2DM were significantly lower in the largest (≥21.5%) and the second largest (9.3% to 21.4%) %ΔAd-increased subgroups compared with the %ΔAd-decreased subgroup (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The cumulative incidence rates of T2DM were significantly lower in the endpoint Ad >5.2 μg/mL subgroup than in the ≤5.2 μg/mL subgroup (P < 0.001). Conclusions Increases in serum Ad levels of at least ~10% or >5.2 μg/mL can potentially reduce the risk of development of T2DM in Japanese men with low baseline Ad levels who are at a high risk of developing T2DM.

Cumulative Incidence Rate

2016 â—½  
Author(s):  
John H. Duffus â—½  
Monica Nordberg â—½  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate

scholarly journals Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Blood â—½  
2021 â—½  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) â—½  
pp. 3223-3223
Author(s):  
Doaa Attia â—½  
Wei Wei â—½  
Nathan A Pennell â—½  
Keith R. McCrae â—½  
Alok A Khorana â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer â—½  
Venous Thromboembolism â—½  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Immune Checkpoint â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors â—½  
Checkpoint Inhibitors â—½  
Rank Test â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate â—½  
Vein Thrombosis

Abstract Background: Thromboembolism (TE) in cancer significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Cancer immunotherapy is linked to several inflammatory immune mediated adverse events. Inflammation plays a key role in thrombosis but the association between immunotherapy and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we report the incidence of thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: A single institution retrospective cohort of 514 adult patients with lung cancer who received ICIs (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, ipilumab, avelumab) between 2013 and 2017 was included. Diagnosis of VTE (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism, and visceral vein thrombosis "VVT") was confirmed by imaging. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and compared using log rank test. Cumulative incidence rate of VTE was estimated and compared using Gray's method. Results: Of 514 patients (pts), 58.75% were males, 83.27% were white with a median age of 67 (range 22-91). Nivolumab was most commonly used (52.14%), followed by Pembrolizumab (30.16%), Atezolizumab (10.89%), combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab (6.61), ipilimumab (2.33%), Avelumab (1.17%). 88.52% had stage 4 disease at treatment initiation. VTE events occurred in 62 pts (12%) (3.5% DVT, 4.47% PE, 2.72% both, 0.97 VVT, 0.19 VVT + PE, 0.19% VVT+DVT+PE). The cumulative incidence rate of VTE of all pts at 6-month and 1-year post IO was 7.6% (95% CI:5.3-9.9%) and 11.6% (95% CI:8.7-14.6%) respectively. The rate of survival without VTE at 6 months after IO treatment was 91% (95% CI: 89-94%). None of the following factors (age, gender, race, cancer staging, IO type or line) were significantly associated with time-to-VTE (TTVTE) survival post treatment (P >0.05). Median OS of all pts was 12.6 months (95% CI: 11.0-16.7 months), with 2-year OS rate of 35% (95% CI: 31-41%). Conclusion: ICIs in lung cancer are associated with higher VTE risk within six months and a year of initiation of treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate the risk factors for ICIs-associated VTE. Disclosures Pennell: Astrazeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; G1 therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Mirati Therapeutics, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria; Viosera Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Eli Lilly: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria. McCrae: Sanofi, Novartis, Alexion, and Johnson & Johnson: Consultancy, Honoraria; Dova, Novartis, Rigel, and Sanofi Genzyme: Consultancy. Khorana: Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Anthos: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Halozyme: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria.

Cumulative Incidence Rate

2016 â—½  
Author(s):  
Monica Nordberg â—½  
John H. Duffus â—½  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate

scholarly journals Cumulative incidence rate of divorces for birth cohort estimated by the life-table method.

10.1265/jjh.44.1112 â—½  
1990 â—½  
Vol 44 (6) â—½  
pp. 1112-1119
Author(s):  
Masayuki Iki â—½  
Akira Ogata â—½  
Etsuko Kajita â—½  
Shigeko Takayama â—½  
Kimi Yamasaki â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Life Table â—½  
Birth Cohort â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate â—½  
Life Table Method â—½  
Table Method

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in operable stage I NSCLC patients: Long-term results of the expanded STARS clinical trial.

2021 â—½  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) â—½  
pp. 8506-8506
Author(s):  
Joe Y. Chang â—½  
Reza J. Mehran â—½  
Lei Feng â—½  
Peter Balter â—½  
Stephen McRae â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial â—½  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Stage I â—½  
Long Term Results â—½  
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate â—½  
Stage Ia

8506 Background: We published a pooled analysis of 2 randomized trials (STARS/ROSEL) that compared lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (L-MLND) vs stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in operable stage I NSCLC. There were no significant differences in disease progression but significantly higher 3-year overall survival (OS) in the SABR arm (95% vs 79%). Owing to concerns regarding the small sample size (n = 58), short follow-up (3 years), and non-uniform use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), we expanded the STARS protocol to a single-arm SABR trial with a protocol-specified comparison to a published, longitudinally-followed institutional cohort of stage IA NSCLC status post VATS L-MLND (n = 229). Methods: Inclusion criteria were stage IA NSCLC (≤3 cm, N0M0 and staged by PET/CT with EBUS) with Zubrod performance status (PS) 0-2, baseline FEV1 > 40% and DLCO > 40% and deemed operable by a multidisciplinary team. SABR utilized 4-dimensional CT simulation and volumetric image guidance; 54 Gy in 3 fractions were delivered to planning target volumes (PTVs) located peripherally, or 50 Gy in 4 fractions to more central PTVs. All patients were followed by chest CT every three months for the first two years, every 6 months for another three years, and then annually. Non-inferiority of SABR could be claimed if the 3-year OS was not lower than the historical VATS L-MLND cohort by more than 12%. We conducted a risk-factor matched comparison study of the primary outcome between the SABR and the historical VATS L-MLND. Results: The median follow-up among the 80 SABR patients was 61 months (range, 34-79 months). The OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were 91% (95% CI: 85̃98%) and 80% (95% CI: 72̃89%) at 3 years, and 87% (95% CI: 79̃95%) and 77% (95% CI: 68̃87%) at 5 years, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence rate counting death as competing risk was 6.3% (95% CI: 2.3̃13.2%) local, 12.5% (95% CI: 6.4̃20.8%) regional, and 8.8% (95% CI: 3.8̃16.2%) distant (any recurrence 17.6% (95% CI: 10.1̃26.7%)). The 5 year cumulative incidence rate of second lung primary was 6.9% (95% CI: 2.5̃14.6%). There were 1.3% grade 3 and no grade 4-5 toxicities. The propensity score matched (age, gender, tumor size, histology, PS) comparison of SABR vs VATS L-MLND revealed no significant differences in PFS (p = 0.063), lung cancer-specific survival (p = 0.075), or cumulative incidence rates of local (p = 0.54), regional (p = 0.97), or distant failures (p = 0.33). The SABR arm was associated with significantly higher OS (91% vs 82% at 3 years and 87% vs 72% at 5 years; p = 0.012 from log-rank test). The hazard ratio was 0.411 (95% CI: 0.193̃0.875; p = 0.021). Conclusions: The long-term OS and PFS of SABR is not inferior to VATS L-MLND for operable stage IA NSCLC. SABR remains a promising approach for this population, but multidisciplinary management is strongly recommended. Clinical trial information: NCT02357992.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Epiretinal Membrane after Cataract Surgery

2021 â—½  
Vol 62 (8) â—½  
pp. 1061-1068
Author(s):  
Jae-Ik Kim â—½  
Jong-Hyun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors â—½  
Logistic Regression â—½  
Cataract Surgery â—½  
Incidence Rate â—½  
Cumulative Incidence â—½  
Epiretinal Membrane â—½  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment â—½  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis â—½  
Fundus Photography â—½  
Cumulative Incidence Rate

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane (ERM) after cataract surgery.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery between January 2016 and December 2018. Eyes with ERM, as observed by optical coherence tomography performed 1-2 months after surgery, were excluded from the study. ERM was diagnosed by fundus photography. The incidence rate was determined 2-6, 6-12, and 12-24 months after surgery. The cumulative incidence rate of ERM was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the associations between ERM development and various factors.Results: The study included 218 eyes of 161 patients with a mean age of 66.6 ± 9.7 years at the time of surgery. ERM was observed in 3 of 218 eyes (1.4%) between 2 and 6 months, 15 of 176 eyes (8.3%) between 6 and 12 months, and 14 of 150 eyes (10.3%) between 12 and 24 months after surgery. The cumulative incidence rate of ERM was 11.7% over the 24-month period after surgery. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age (≥65 years; odds ratio [OR], 8.59, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-51.49), fellow eye with ERM (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.04-12.73), longer axial length (≥26 mm; OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 1.08-59.66), and complete posterior vitreous detachment development (OR, 7.48; 95% CI, 1.64-34.14) were significantly associated with ERM development.Conclusions: ERM is not rare after cataract surgery. Long-term retinal examination should be required after cataract surgery.

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