scholarly journals Estimation of Non-Genetic Parameters for Reproduction and Production Traits of Holstein Friesian Dairy Herd at Elfora Cheffa Dairy Farm, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubshet Woldegiorgis Kassa ◽  
Yosef Tadesse Mengesha ◽  
Aynalem Haile Gebele
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Dairy Traits ◽  
Rain Season

Abstract Background:- The study was conducted at Cheffa dairy farm with the objective of estimating the effects of none-genetic factors on Age at First Service (AFS), Age at First Calving (AFC), Calving Interval (CI), Days Open (DO), Number of Service per Conception (NSC), Lactation Length (LL) and adjusted 305 days milk yield (305-dMY). A total of 2343 records were collected from 123 cows and 13 sires' progenies having greater than 93.75 % HF blood levels through the period from 1996 to 2014 for evaluation. Independent variables were birth year and season, calving year and season and parity while AFS, AFC, CI, DO, NSC, LL and 305-dMY were dependent variables. SAS Version 9.1 software used for data analysis. Results:- The results indicated that year of birth had highly significant (p<0.01) and significant (p<0.05) effect on AFS and AFC respectively. Year of calving had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on CI and 305-dMY and significant (p<0.05) effect on DO and NSC. Season of calving had significant (p<0.05) effect on CI and 305-dMY. Longest records of CI and highest records of 305-dMY were exhibited in short rain season while, shortest and lowest records of CI and 305-dMY were recorded in dry and long rain seasons respectively. Parity had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on CI, DO, NSC and 305-dMY and significant (p<0.05) effect on LL. Longest value of CI, DO and LL were observed in 1st parity and highest value of NSC and highest value of 305-dMY were recorded in 7th and 5th parity respectively. The shortest value of CI, DO, LL and lowest value of 305-dMY was recorded in 9th parity while shortest value of NSC was recorded in 1st parity. Conclusions:- This study revealed, genetic performance of dairy breed in the study area was influenced by environment but selecting adapted animal from the herd and better management may improve all aspect of productivity. Hence, well record keeping, better management practice, non-genetic performance evaluation of economically important dairy traits and investigation of selection index were a prerequisite to improvement productivity of the herd and to run profitable dairy enterprise.

Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T.O.R. Macdonald ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

The incorporation of fertility indices in genetic improvement programmes

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Pryce ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Days Open

AbstractIn recent years there has been considerable genetic progress in milk production. Yet, increases in yield have been accompanied by an apparent lengthening of calving intervals, days open, days to first heat and a decline in conception rates, which appears to be both at the genetic and phenotypic level. Fertility has a high relative economic value compared to production traits such as protein, making it attractive to include in a breeding programme. To do this there needs to be genetic variance in fertility. Measures of fertility calculated from service dates have a small genetic compared to phenotypic variance, hence heritability estimates are small, typically less than 5%, although coefficients of genetic variance are comparable to those of production traits. Heritabilities of commencement of luteal activity determined using progesterone profiles are generally higher, and have been reported as being from 0.16 to 0.28, which could be because of a more precise quantification of genetic variance, as management influences such as delaying insemination and heat detection rates are excluded. However, it might not be the use of progesterone profiles alone, as days to first heat observed by farm staff has a heritability of 0.15. The most efficient way to breed for improved fertility is to construct a selection index using the genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates of all traits of interest in addition to their respective economic values. Index traits for fertility could include measures such as calving interval, days open, days to first service, or days to first heat but there may also be alternative measures. Examples include traits related to energy balance, such as live weight and condition score (change), both of which have higher heritabilities than fertility measures and have genetic correlations of sufficient magnitude to make genetic progress by using them feasible. To redress the balance between fertility and production, some countries already publish genetic evaluations of fertility including: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.

scholarly journals Protein phenotypes and productive traits in Landrace, Large White and Duroc swine

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Helena Tagliaro ◽  
Maria Helena Lartigau Pereira Franco ◽  
Werner Meincke ◽  
Gilberto Silva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Productive Traits

Fourteen protein systems coded by 15 structural loci were typed by horizontal electrophoresis to determine possible associations betweem the protein phenotypes and productive traits in Landrace (N=109), Largo White (N= 116) and Duroe (N=57) pigs, reared in Southern Brazil. Signiticant associations between protein phenotypes and production traits were detected. The most consistent interaction were observed between two protein systems (phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - Pgd and Hemopexin -Hpx) and at least one of the four performance variables considered. In Duroc breed, the Pgd phenotypes were associated with daily weight gain (P < 0.01), feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and selection index (P < 0.001), while in Landrace significant associations were observed only with feed convertion ratio (P < 0.05). The Hpx phenotypes were associated with daily weight gain (P < 0.05) and backfat thickness (P < 0.05) in Large White and with this last variable (P < 0.01) and selection index (P < 0.05) in Duroc pigs. Since these results had not been reported previously, turther studies are need to confirm these associations.

Genetic and phenotypic trends in production traits in the United Kingdom (UK) dairy herd

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
C. M. Lindberg ◽  
G. J. T. Swanson ◽  
R. A. Mrode
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Know How ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Breeding Schemes

It is important for the dairy industry to be aware of the consequences of past selection policies. This can provide guidance on how to improve or change current breeding schemes. In addition it is important to know how much of current progress is due to breeding and how much to management. The objective of the study was to analyse genetic and phenotypic trends for the production traits (milk, fat and protein) using the results from the latest UK Individual Animal Model evaluations.

Key issues in dairy herd health management

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
John Remnant ◽  
◽  
James Breen ◽  
Peter Down ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Health Target ◽  
Cow Health

Dairy herd health management benefits dairy farmers, the environment, dairy cows and citizens. It is an important part of modern dairy farm veterinary care. Dairy herd health management is assessing, monitoring and improving the health of dairy cows at a population level. Good herd health management takes a holistic approach and is ongoing and cyclical. All members of the dairy farm team and their advisors are involved, decisions are informed by data generated by the herd. These data may come from numerous sources. The data are processed and analysed to monitor cow health, target investigations and evaluate progress. To make lasting change on farms, advisors must communicate appropriately with farm managers to understand behaviour and motivate change. This chapter reviews these aspects of dairy herd health management, giving practical suggestions on how to get started, how to incorporate herd health management into business models and how to maintain momentum.

The effect of linkage disequilibrium on the estimates of Single Nucleotide Polymorphic effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 44-44
Author(s):  
K Moore ◽  
J Gibson ◽  
D Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Causative Mutation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphic ◽  
Single Nucleotide

The identification and exploitation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with production traits present new opportunities for livestock genetic improvement. Often the identified SNP is not the causative mutation but rather is in some degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD). LD markers within 5cM can be considered as direct markers for the causative mutation because they are located close to the causative mutation (Dekkers, 2004). In a dairy herd, Farnir et al., (2000) estimated that the average LD, measured as D′ was 0.5 for loci pairs positioned within 5cM. Goddard et al., (2006) estimated that LD measured as r2 decreased rapidly as the physical distance between loci increased; at a separating distance of 0.5Mb the LD (r2) was only approximately 0.2. The aim of this work was to use stochastic simulation to investigate the effect that the distance between the SNP and causative mutation had on the accuracy of estimating additive and dominance effects of the causative mutation.

scholarly journals  Descriptive study of botulism in an Austrian dairy herd: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kummel ◽  
R. Krametter-Froetscher ◽  
G. Six ◽  
R. Brunthaler ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
The University ◽  
Healthy Calf

An outbreak of botulism was suspected at an Austrian dairy farm in June 2010. Six Simmental cows, out of a herd of 29, were affected and showed the typical signs. The affected cows included either animals suffering from sudden recumbency and reduced tongue tone or others which developed paresis, which gradually led to recumbency. Most of the affected animals died. Two cases were submitted to the Clinic for Ruminants at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in order to clarify the cause of illness. The animals had reportedly been fed recently with silage possibly polluted by discarded cat carcasses spread onto the pasture used for the silage in question. The two referred cases both showed recumbency and swallowing difficulties. Both cows had to be euthanized. One of the two cows was in the late stage of pregnancy and a healthy calf could be delivered by Caesarean section. The outbreak of botulism was diagnosed clinically as well as by confirmation of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins C and D by mouse bioassay. To the authors&rsquo; knowledge, this is the first report in which a live calf has been delivered out of a cow suffering from acute botulism. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Lifetime productivity and repeatability estimation of selected traits of crossbred cows in Savar Dairy Farm

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
A Akhtar ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MF Rahman ◽  
SS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Productive Traits

The study was conducted on 244 crossbred cows of (Central Cattle Breeding and Diry Farm), Savar, Dhaka to evaluate the effect of different productive groups on their lifetime performance of various productive traits using twenty years data.  Data were accumulated from a prescribed data sheet maintained by Central Cattle Breeding Station, Savar, Dhaka. Genetic groups for this experiment were Local Friesian (LF), Local Jersey (LJ), Local Hariana X Friesian (LH x F), Local Friesian X Local Friesian (LF x LF) and Local Jersey X Local Jersey (LJ x LJ). The studied parameters were age at puberty, lactation length, lactation yield, total milking days, and total milk yield in lifetime. The data were analyzed using Least-Squares Mixed Model and Maximum Likelihood Computer Program (Harvey, 1990). Analysis showed that genetic groups had a significant effect on age at puberty, lactation length and lactation yield (P<0.01), total milking days and milk yield in lifetime (P<0.001). From the result it was found that earliest age at puberty were in L x F (749.27±99.01). Lactation length and standardized lactation yield were also higher in L x F (258.69±20.04 days and 1408.80±83.60 kg respectively). Total milking days and milk yield were observed higher in (LH x F) with mean of 1468.30±198.58 days and 7340.32±1813.28 kg, respectively. The repeatability estimates of lactation length for genetic groups LF, LJ, LH x F, LF x LF and LJ x LJ were 0.24±0.09, 0.04(-ve), 0.10±0.05, 0.07±0.05 and 0.49±0.22, respectively. The same for lactation yield was 0.17±0.08, 0.27± 0.02, 0.07±0.04, 0.17±0.08 and 0.03±0.05 respectively. From analysis it was revealed that in respect of productive performances the L x F genetic group was found superior compared to other groups but interns of total lifetime productivity, LH x F ranked the highest in the given environment. It is concluded that lifetime productivity needs to be considered as an appropriate guideline for selecting genetic groups for future productivity.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 168-177, 2018

Genetic trends in linear type traits in the United Kingdom (UK) dairy herd

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 118-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Lindberg ◽  
G. J. T. Swanson ◽  
R. A. Mrode
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic Trends

The Animal Data Centre (ADC) is responsible for producing linear type evaluations for the Ayrshire, Shorthorn, Jersey, Guernsey, Jersey Island and Guernsey Island breeds. Along with publication of breeding values (BV's), it is important to provide farmers and organisations in the industry with information on genetic trends in conformation to establish the effect of selection and determine future selection strategies. As selection goals in conformation are not as clear as in production traits, it is important to analyse each trait to find out how breeds are developing. The objective of the study was therefore to analyse linear type evaluations in order to determine the trends in the traits classified.

Study of genetic and environment trends for milk fat yield trait in an Iranian dairy herd

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Jahandar ◽  
Mohhamad Moradi Shahre Babak ◽  
Mahdi Elahi Torshizi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Genetic Trends

In order to evaluate genetic improvement in a selected population, variation resulted from environment and genetics should be dissociated. Because of the positive genetic correlation between milk fat yield and milk and protein yield, selection for milk production has often resulted in an increase in fat and protein yields however response for fat percentage is negative. However positive genetic trends between 0.73 to 0.95 kg per annum for milk fat yield in Holstein cattle have been reported in some studies that milk fat yield had less importance in selection index, also negative values are reported. Based on previous research, genetic improvement of milk fat yield up to 1 percent due to selection is possible and from a theoretical view, an improvement of about 2 percent is reported. With attention to selection in the herd and using progeny tested semen from foreign countries that have suitable genetic potential, this study was accomplished in order to estimate genetic parameters for milk fat and investigate genetic and environmental trends during 1990 to 2001.

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