Evaluation of Lamellar Macular Hole With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Comparison Between Degenerative and Tractional Subtypes

Macular Hole ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Lamellar Macular Hole ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Macular Holes ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Aim To evaluate the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in cases with degenerative and tractional-subtype lamellar macular hole (LMH). Methods Two sub-types of LMH cases were included. Thirty-seven patients had degenerative-subtype, whereas 35 patients had tractional-subtype LMH. Thirty healthy cases were enrolled as control group. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal vascular densities in superficial, deep capillary and choriocapillaris plexuses were analyzed and compared with fellow eyes and healthy controls using OCTA. Results Mean FAZ area was wider in the degenerative-subtype (0.33±0.14 mm²) than the tractional-subtype (0.24±0.10 mm²) (p=0.04) and control eyes (0.26±0.10 mm2) (p=0.02). Compared with the tractional group, foveal vessel density in the superficial layer was lower in the degenerative group (29.1±6.9% vs.21.9±9.2%, p=0.01). Choriocapillaris vascular density in the parafoveal area was also lower in the degenerative-subtype lamellar macular holes ( 61.8±4.7% vs. 63.2±4.2 %) (p=0.03). The vascular densities in the DCP did not disclose any significant difference between two sub-types (p>0.05). Compared with control eyes, the vascular densities in the superficial, deep and choriocapillaris layers were significantly lower in the LMH subtypes (p<0.05). Conclusion These OCTA changes may indicate a primary or secondary chronic degenerative process affecting the retinal microvascular plexuses in degenerative and tractional lamellar macular holes. The distinction of the pathogenesis is also demonstrated by OCTA and supports the recent change in classification and terminology of this macular pathology.

Evaluation of retinochoroidal tissues in third trimester pregnants: An optical coherence tomography angiography study

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120966566 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212096656

Author(s):

Abdulmutalip Yildirim ◽

Emin Kurt ◽

Muhammed Altinisik ◽

Yildiz Uyar

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: The structural and vascular changes in the retina and choroid in women in the third trimester of pregnancy were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Forty women in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy and 40 age-matched healthy women were included. Vascular density (VD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP), foveal density (FD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimetry measured with OCTA, as well as OCT measurements of central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness (CT) were compared between the groups. Correlations between structural OCT parameters and vascular OCTA metrics were analyzed. Results: The mean gestational age was 34 (28–41) weeks. Mean age was comparable in the groups ( p = 0.732). The pregnant women had significantly higher parafoveal DCP-VD ( p = 0.015), FAZ area ( p = 0.044), and FD ( p = 0.002). Mean subfoveal CT was 21 µm higher in pregnant women but was not significant ( p = 0.472). There was no difference in CMT ( p = 0.448). FAZ metrics were positively correlated with CT in pregnants and with CMT in the control group ( p < 0.05). Parafoveal VD was negatively correlated with CT in the control group ( p < 0.05). After adjusting for CT and CMT, the significant difference in VD and FD persisted ( p < 0.05), while the difference in FAZ area lost significance ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the effects of the probable covariant factors CMT and CT, systemic changes in pregnant women in their third trimester may cause an increase in VD in the macula and parafoveal DCP.

Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography results of adult patients with Familial Mediterranean fever and healthy individuals

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/2515841419892056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 251584141989205

Author(s):

Emine Esra Karaca ◽

Dilay Ozek ◽

Ahmet Omma ◽

Ozlem Evren Kemer

Keyword(s):

Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Avascular Zone ◽

Mediterranean Fever

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the macular ultrastructure measuring by optical coherence tomography angiography in adult patients with Familial Mediterranean fever. Methods: Participants were 62 Familial Mediterranean fever patients and 54 healthy individuals in control group with similar age and sex. The superficial and deep vascular plexus structures covering the central fovea in an area of 6 mm × 6 mm were measured using AngioVue images taken with optical coherence tomography angiography. Vasculature structure, foveal avascular zone, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone (the ratio of the perimeter of foveal avascular zone and the perimeter of a circle with the equal area), and superficial and deep retinal plexus densities were measured. Results: The inferior deep vascular density was measured: 49.17% ± 8.59% in Familial Mediterranean fever patients, 55.56% ± 5.92% in the control group. The deep inferior-hemi vascular density was measured: 48.59% ± 10.34% in Familial Mediterranean fever patients, 56.54% ± 8.05% in the control group. Deep inferior and deep inferior-hemi vascular density was significantly reduced in Familial Mediterranean fever patients compared with healthy controls ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: The vascular abnormalities in optical coherence tomography angiography show subclinical signs of microangiopathy in Familial Mediterranean fever patients. This observation, which can be obtained only through optical coherence tomography angiography, may be an ocular hallmark for Familial Mediterranean fever disease.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Amblyopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1075501/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhale Rajavi ◽

Hamideh Sabbaghi ◽

Kiana Hassanpour ◽

Hamid Ahmadieh ◽

Bahareh Kheiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vessel Density ◽

External Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose: To determine the OCTA parameters including foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD) in the amblyopic eyes compared with the fellow sound eyes and the eyes of the non- amblyopic subjects. Methods: In this case- control study, a total of 62 eyes from unilateral amblyopic children (n= 23) and the age- and sex- matched healthy children (n= 8) were included. The sound eye of the amblyopic children was considered as the internal control (n= 23) and the both eyes of the non- amblyopic children (n= 16) were considered as the external control. All participants underwent image recording with the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) Results: The average age of 23 cases and 8 controls were 9.86±3.12 and 8.5±2.35 years, respectively. Twelve patients (52.2 %) in the case group and 8 subjects (50%) in the control group were female. Macular VD in different regions of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP) were comparable amongst the case group and both the internal and the external control groups. The average FAZ area was 0.26±0.06 µm2 in amblyopic eyes that was significantly larger than in the fellow eyes (0.21±0.06 µm2; P=0.007) and was comparable to the healthy controls. Conclusion: Lack of significant difference of the macular vessel density between the amblyopic and non- amblyopic eyes of the both internal and external controls may be attributed to this fact that the changes of the retinal vascular density cannot be considered as the pathogenesis of amblyopia.

Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings of Acute Anterior Uveitis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-576509/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gülay Yalçınkaya ◽

Çiğdem Altan ◽

Berna Başarır ◽

İhsan Çakır

Keyword(s):

Anterior Uveitis ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Retinal Microvasculature ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Capillary Plexus

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the changes in retinal microvasculature in eyes with anterior uveitis (AU) using optical coherence tomography angiography.Methods: Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), vessel density (VD) of SCP, DCP, and choriocapillaris, and central macular thickness (CMT) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were calculated from 34 healthy and 41 uveitic eyes. The parameters were compared between the two groups.Results: The deep FAZ was significantly lower in the eyes with AU during the attack than after recovery and the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). The VD in deep capillary plexus (DCP) in eyes with AU during the attack was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.048). The VD in the foveal sector of DCP in eyes with AU during the attack and after recovery was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.031, respectively). There was no significant difference regarding CMT, CFT, VDs of each segment and each sector, and superficial and deep FAZ between eyes with first uveitis attack and those with recurrent uveitis during the attack and after recovery (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a reduction in the FAZ and an increase in the VD of the DCP of the retina during active AU, and these findings are reversible. Acute AU may affect the macular microvasculature, which is usually temporary, especially in the DCP.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema compared to diabetic macular oedema: qualitative and quantitative evaluation of retinal vasculature

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (12) ◽

pp. 1684-1690 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Riccardo Sacconi ◽

Eleonora Corbelli ◽

Adriano Carnevali ◽

Stefano Mercuri ◽

Alessandro Rabiolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Oedema ◽

Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽

Control Group ◽

Retinal Vasculature ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Optical Coherence

AimsTo describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) abnormalities of patients with pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (PCMO) before and after pharmacological resolution, compared with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and normal eyes.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational study, 44 eyes (30 patients) were included: 15 eyes (15 patients) affected by PCMO; 14 healthy fellow eyes used as negative control group; 15 eyes (15 age-matched and sex-matched patients) with DMO used as positive control group. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination at baseline, including OCT-A scans of the macula through AngioPlex CIRRUS-5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, USA). Patients with PCMO and DMO were re-evaluated after the pharmacological resolution of cystoid macular oedema (CMO).ResultsDisruption of parafoveal capillary arcade and cystoid spaces in deep capillary plexus (DCP) were frequent in patients with PCMO and DMO (73% and 100%, 87% and 100%). Capillary abnormalities and non-perfusion greyish areas in DCP were more frequent in DMO (P<0.001 and P=0.014). Patients with PCMO showed a larger foveal avascular zone area in DCP at baseline (P<0.001), which significantly reduced after treatment (P=0.001). Vessel density of full-thickness retina and DCP was reduced in patients with PCMO (P=0.022 and P=0.001), and no changes were observed after treatment. Interestingly, DCP appeared less represented in patients with DMO than PCMO subjects (P=0.001).ConclusionsPatients with PCMO have an impairment of mainly DCP, partially reversible after treatment. Furthermore, we disclosed that different alterations of the retinal vasculature characterise CMO derived from two different diseases, namely PCMO and DMO, and this could be due to their distinct pathophysiology.

Macular capillary plexuses after macular hole surgery: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 966-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yoon Jeon Kim ◽

Jaehyuck Jo ◽

Joo Yong Lee ◽

Young Hee Yoon ◽

June-Gone Kim

Keyword(s):

Macular Hole ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

En Face

AimsTo investigate the structural changes of the superficial capillary plexuses (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in patients with idiopathic macular hole (MH) after surgery, determine the factors related to changes of macular capillary plexuses and evaluate its association with postoperative visual outcomes.MethodsThirty-three patients with unilateral MH who were followed for ≥6 months after surgery were included. Ophthalmologic evaluations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain OCT before surgery and 6 months postsurgery. En face OCTA images were obtained for both eyes at 6 months postsurgery, and the postoperative foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and parafoveal vascular density were identified.ResultsCompared with fellow eyes, eyes after MH surgery had a smaller FAZ area in both SCP and DCP (p<0.05 for all). The FAZ area was positively correlated with postoperative foveal thickness of the whole, inner and outer layers (p<0.05 for all). In the parafoveal region, eyes after MH surgery had a tendency to have lower parafoveal vascular density, particularly in DCP (p=0.019). The parafoveal vascular density in DCP was positively correlated with retinal thickness of the whole, inner and outer layers (p<0.05 for all). Correlations between BCVA and FAZ area in both SCP and DCP were significant 6 months after MH surgery (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionAssessment of macular capillary plexuses using OCTA may be useful for monitoring retinal structural and functional changes in MH.

Microvascular changes on optical coherence tomography angiography after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment vitrectomy with silicone tamponade

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248433

Author(s):

Ji Hye Lee ◽

Young Gun Park

Keyword(s):

Retinal Detachment ◽

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Capillary Plexus

Purpose We aimed to evaluate microvascular changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who underwent silicone oil (SO) tamponade and compare changes according to macular involvement. Methods This retrospective study included 48 patients with unilateral RRD who underwent vitrectomy and SO tamponade and were stable after SO removal. Control data were obtained from the fellow healthy eye. Ophthalmic examinations, including best corrective visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA, were conducted. Differences in vascular density (VD) in different sections of the macula and differences in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analyzed between the affected eyes and control eyes. Subgroup analyses according to macular involvement were performed. Results Baseline BCVA and duration of SO tamponade were associated with postoperative BCVA (p<0.001, p = 0.03, respectively). The average VD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the VD of the nasal parafoveal area in both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the DCP decreased relative to those in the control eyes (p = 0.026, p = 0.028, and p = 0.031, respectively). The FAZ area in the DCP and in the SCP also increased when compared with that in the controls (p = 0.043, p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the macular-off RRD group had lower VD in the nasal parafoveal area of the DCP than the macular-on RRD group. Conclusion SO tamponade could cause microvascular changes, especially in the nasal parafoveal area. The macular-off RRD group were affected more than the macular-on RRD group.

The quantitative measurements of choroidal thickness and volume in diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography; correlation with vision and foveal avascular zone

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02178-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fariba Ghassemi ◽

Sahar Berijani ◽

Ameneh Babeli ◽

Houshang Faghihi ◽

Alireza Gholizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Normal Control ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Avascular Zone

Abstract Background To represent choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal volume (CV) databases in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and healthy control participants using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). No study had evaluated CT at all main stages of diabetic retinopathy in a single study. Methods The study included 176 eyes from 93 patients (39–80 years old; 42% females) who were divided into three groups based on DR severity and normal control group: 39 eyes no DR, 64 eyes NPDR, 33 eyes PDR, and 40 eyes normal control. The CT and CV were measured and statistically analyzed. Intra-observer and inter-observer coefficients of repeatability were calculated. Results Subfoveal CT showed persistent thinning from normal group (322.50 ± 69.24) to no-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, 308.33 ± 74.45) to nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 283.45 ± 56.50) group and then thickening as the patient progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 295.17 ± 95.69) (P = 0.087). A significant difference was found between the control group and the NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups in nearly all CT and CV of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study macular subfields. Fasting blood sugar (FBS = 189.08 ± 51.3 mg/dl) and diabetes mellitus (DM) duration (13.6 ± 6.5 years) had no noticeable effect on CT. In patients with diabetes, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetic macular edema (DME), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were not affected by CT and CV. Conclusions The choroidal thickness decreases from the early stages of diabetic retinopathy up to the NPDR stage, with a subsequent modest rise in CT during the PDR stage. There was no correlation between FBS, diabetes duration, BCVA, DME, and FAZ, and CT.

Assessment of Macular Capillary Perfusion by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography on Quiescent Unilateral Anterior Pediatric Uveitis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-967105/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junyan Xiao ◽

Yi Qu ◽

Chan Zhao ◽

Hang Song ◽

Anyi Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Flow Density ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Pediatric Uveitis ◽

Retinal Microvasculature ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Fellow Eyes

Abstract Purpose: Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA) to evaluate tomographic and microvascular parameters in the macula in quiescent unilateral anterior pediatric uveitis (APU) patients.Methods: Forty-two eyes of 21 patients diagnosed with unilateral APU and 21 eyes of 21 normal controls (NC) were included in this study. 6*6 mm macular scanning mode of SD-OCTA was used for all subjects. The central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), vascular density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and choriocapillary flow density (CFD) were analyzed and compared among affected, fellow, and NC eyes. Correlation analysis were used to evaluate the potential correlating factors with CFD.Results: DCP VD and CFD were significantly lower in quiescent affected eyes as compared to fellow and NCs eyes (DCP VD both p<0.001; CDF1.0: p=0.012 and p=0.003; CDF1.5: p=0.015 and p=0.006; CDF3.0: p=0.036 and p=0.010, respectively). SCP VD, DCP VD and CMT were significantly lower in the fellow eyes as compared to NC eyes (p=0.021; p<0.001; p=0.037, respectively); CFD was negatively correlated with FAZ and CMT in affected eyes and fellow eyes. No significant differences were detected in FAZ among the 3 groups (p > .05).Conclusions: As compared to NC eyes, both retinal and choroidal microvasculature were impaired in eyes with quiescent APU; retinal microvasculature in unaffected fellow eyes of unilateral APU was also impaired. OCTA is a useful technology for detection of subclinical microvascular changes in APU and may be useful as an additional prognostic tool.

Evaluation of flow of chorioretinal capillaries in healthy black and white subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01380-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Massamba ◽

Anna G. Mackin ◽

Lindsay Y. Chun ◽

Sarah Rodriguez ◽

Rose C. Dimitroyannis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Capillary Density ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Flow Area ◽

Black And White ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Retinal Capillary

AbstractThis study compared macular capillary parameters between healthy black and white subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We measured vessel density (VD) of superficial (SCP), intermediate (ICP), and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses and choriocapillaris blood flow area (BFA) of the fovea, parafovea and total 3 mm-diameter circular area centered on the fovea, as well as the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, controlling for axial length. Black subjects had lower foveal and parafoveal VD in the SCP (p = 0.043 and p = 0.014) and the ICP (p = 0.014 and p = 0.002). In the DCP, black subjects had a trend toward lower foveal and parafoveal VD. Black subjects had decreased choriocapillaris BFA in the total 3 mm area (p = 0.011) and the parafovea (p = 0.033), larger FAZ area (p = 0.006) and perimeter (p = 0.014), and a higher capillary density in a 300 μm wide region around the FAZ (FD-300) (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in FAZ acircularity index. To our knowledge, this is the first report analyzing the three distinct retinal capillary plexuses and identifying differing baseline VD, choriocapillaris and FAZ parameters in healthy young black compared to white subjects. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and better understand racial differences in vulnerability to ocular diseases.