Detection and Measurement of Explosives in Groundwater Using In Situ Electrochemical Sensors

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khris B. Olsen ◽  
Joseph Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors

Development of Au-Pd@UiO-66-on-ZIF-L/CC as a self-supported electrochemical sensor for in situ monitoring of cellular hydrogen peroxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilin Zheng ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Shiying Zhou ◽  
Sha Chen ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Metal Organic

Integrating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of different components or structures together and exploiting them as electrochemical sensors for electrochemical sensing have aroused great interest. And the incorporation of noble metals with...

Nanotechnology Enabled In Situ Orthopaedic Sensors for Personalized Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Sirinrath Sirivisoot ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Bone Deposition ◽  
Made In

Although improvements have been made in implant design to increase bone formation and promote successful osseointegration using nanotechnology, the clinical diagnosis of early bone growth surrounding implants remains problematic. The development of a device allowing doctors to monitor the healing cascade and to diagnose potential infection or inflammation is necessary. Biological detection can be examined by the electrochemical analysis of electron transfer (or redox) reactions of extracellular matrix proteins involved in bone deposition and resorption. The use of nanomaterials as signal amplifiers in electrochemical sensors has greatly improved the sensitivity of detection. Nanotechnology-enabled electrochemical sensors that can be placed on the implant surface itself show promise as self-diagnosing devices in situ, possibly to detect new bone growth surrounding the implant and other cellular events to ensure implant success.

In situ detection of TNT contamination using electrochemical sensors in cone penetrometer system

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto R. Cespedes ◽  
Stafford S. Cooper ◽  
William M. Davis ◽  
William J. Buttner ◽  
William C. Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
In Situ Detection

Three-dimensional hydrogel-modified indium tin oxide electrode with enhanced performance for in situ electrochemical detection of extracellular H2O2

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Zhou ◽  
Xianfeng Wang ◽  
Liuyi Jiang ◽  
Human Sun ◽  
Danqun Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide Electrode ◽  
H2o2 Reduction

Two different electrochemical sensors (Hemin-G4/Au/GCE and Hemin-G4/Au/ITO) were developed and applied to explore the electrocatalytic capacity of H2O2 reduction. Due to the excellent catalytic activity of Hemin-G4 and the high...

Electrochemical microelectrode degradation monitoring: in situ investigation of platinum corrosion at neutral pH

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Doering ◽  
Jochen Kieninger ◽  
Gerald Urban ◽  
Andreas Weltin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Neural Implants ◽  
Electrode Degradation ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
In Situ Investigation

Abstract Objective. The stability of platinum and other noble metal electrodes is critical for neural implants, electrochemical sensors, and energy sources. Beyond the acidic or alkaline environment found in most electrochemical studies, the investigation of electrode corrosion in neutral pH and chloride containing electrolytes is essential, particularly regarding the long-term stability of neural interfaces, such as brain stimulation electrodes or cochlear implants. In addition, the increased use of microfabricated devices demands the investigation of thin-film electrode stability. Approach. We developed a procedure of electrochemical methods for continuous tracking of electrode degradation in situ over the complete life cycle of platinum thin-film microelectrodes in a unique combination with simultaneous chemical sensing. We used chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry to measure electrode surface and analyte redox processes, together with accelerated electrochemical degradation. Main results. We compared degradation between thin-film microelectrodes and bulk electrodes, neutral to acidic pH, different pulsing schemes, and the presence of the redox active species oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Results were confirmed by mechanical profilometry and microscopy to determine material changes on a nanometer scale. We found that electrode degradation is mainly driven by repeated formation and removal of the platinum surface oxide, also within the electrochemical stability window of water. There was no considerable difference between thin-film micro- and macroscopic bulk electrodes or in the presence of reactive species, whereas acidic pH or extending the potential window led to increased degradation. Significance. Our results provide valuable fundamental information on platinum microelectrode degradation under conditions found in biomedical applications. For the first time, we deployed a unified method to report quantitative data on electrode degradation up to a defined endpoint. Our method is a widely applicable framework for comparative long-term studies of sensor and neural interface stability.

The Preparation Approaches of Polymer/graphene Nanocomposites and their Appilcation Research Progress as Electrochemical Sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Shaona Chen ◽  
Weimin Hu ◽  
Dejiang Li ◽  
Zhongxu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Blending

Graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice, can be combined with various polymers through different methods and techniques. Polymer/graphene nanocomposites are expected to not only preserve the fa-vorable properties of graphene and polymers, but also greatly enhance the intrinsic properties due to the synergetic effect between them. In this review, the preparation approaches of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including melt blending, solution blending, in-situ polymeri-zation and in-situ synthesis, were presented comprehensively in order to study the relationship between these approaches and the final characteristics and performances. Each approach had different influences on the final properties of the nanocomposites. The advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods were discussed respectively. Additionally, the application researches of the polymer/graphene nanocomposites as electrochemical sensors, were introduced in detail. With regard to some important or novel sensors, the mechanisms were proposed for reference. Finally, conclusions were given and the issues waiting to be settled for further development were pointed out. The current review demonstrates that polymer/graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior electrochemical performances and will be applied practically in the field of sensor devices.

Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites as Precursors of Nanostructured Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Devices: Templating Effect of Clays

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1741-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Saavedra ◽  
Margarita Darder ◽  
Almudena Gómez-Avilés ◽  
Pilar Aranda ◽  
Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Analytical Tools

The present work introduces a comparative study on the use of polymer nanocomposites containing clay minerals of different structure, such as montmorillonite and sepiolite as host solids for the templating synthesis of carbon-like materials from different organic precursors. Carbon-clay nanocomposites were obtained by polymerization of either acrylonitrile or sucrose previously inserted in the pores of the clay minerals, followed by their further thermal transformation in carbon-like compounds. Acid treatment of the resulting carbon-clay nanocomposites removes the inorganic templates giving carbon-like materials with different textural features. Polymer-clay, carbon-clay and carbon-like materials have been characterized by applying spectroscopic techniques as FTIR and in situ EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and other structural, textural and analytical tools (chemical analysis, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM-EDX, N2 adsorption isotherms,...). Electrochemical properties of these carbon-clay nanocomposites, as well as their templated carbonaceous materials and their use as electrode materials of different electrochemical devices such as rechargeable Li-batteries, supercapacitors and electrochemical sensors, are also discussed.

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