Fungi on leaves, branches and stems of trees and shrubs of Saint Petersburg suburban parks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.В. Сидельникова ◽  
А.В. Тобиас ◽  
Д.Ю. Власов
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Xylotrophic Fungi ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Mycological Examination ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Проведены микологические обследования древесной и кустарниковой растительности на территории парковой зоны Санкт-Петербурга и пригородов. Сбор материала проводился в парках южных пригородов Санкт-Петербурга (Павловский парк, Екатерининский парк, Нижний сад и Верхний парк Ораниенбаума, Верхний сад и Нижний парк ГМЗ «Петергоф»). В сравнительных целях был обследован парк при Обуховской больнице в центре Санкт-Петербурга. На древесно-кустарниковых породах парковой зоны нами выявлено 230 видов грибов (микро- и макромицетов). На листьях выявлено 28 видов микромицетов, в числе которых возбудители мучнистой росы, ржавчины и пятнистостей. На ветвях и стволах древесных пород выявлено 150 видов микромицетов, среди которых есть как часто встречающиеся, так и редкие виды грибов. Большинство из них обнаруживается в анаморфной стадии. Наибольшее разнообразие и развитие микромицетов отмечено на сухих ветвях. Высокой вредоносностью характеризуются тиростромоз липы и голландская болезнь вязов. Выявлены устойчивые патогенные комплексы грибов, развитие которых приводит к заметному ухудшению состояния растений. На стволах живых и усыхающих деревьев, а также растительных остатках отмечено 52 вида макромицетов. Среди них выявлены доминирующие и редкие виды. Среди источников заражения древесных растений ксилотрофными грибами выделяются отмершие вязы, усохшие стволы которых можно наблюдать как в пригородных парках, так и в центральной части Санкт-Петербурга. Полученные данные существенно расширяют имеющиеся сведения по микобиоте парков Санкт-Петербурга. Mycological examination of tree and shrub vegetation on the territory of Saint Petersburg park zone and its suburbs was conducted. Material was collected in the parks of southern suburbs of Saint Petersburg (Pavlovsk Park, Catherine Park, Lower Garden and Upper Park in Oranienbaum, Upper Garden and Lower Park in Peterhof). For comparative purposes Park of Obukhov Hospital in Saint Petersburg city center was also examined. At the moment, 230 fungi species (micro- and macrofungi) were identified on trees and shrubs of the park zone. Among them, 28 species of microfungi, including powdery mildew, rust and blights pathogens were found on leaves. Also, 150 species of microfungi, including both common and rare fungi species, were found on branches and trunks. Most of them were found in the anamorphic stage. The greatest diversity and microfungi development were noted on dry branches. Thyrostromose of linden and Dutch elm disease are the most harmful. Stable complexes of pathogenic fungi, which development leads to clear decline of plants' condition, were identified. In addition, 52 species of macrofungi, including dominant and rare species, were observed on trunks of living and drying trees and vegetation residues. Among the sources of xylotrophic fungi infection of woody plants, dead elms are the most distinguished. Their dead trunks can be found in both suburban parks and the central part of Saint Petersburg. The presented data significantly expand available information on mycobiota Saint Petersburg parks.

scholarly journals AVERAGING OF AN INCREASING NUMBER OF MOMENT CONDITION ESTIMATORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
David T. Jacho-Chávez ◽  
Oliver Linton
Keyword(s):  
Moment Condition ◽  
Moment Conditions ◽  
Parameter Heterogeneity ◽  
Class Of Estimators ◽  
Optimal Weighting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Nonlinear Estimators ◽  
Available Information

We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality for a class of estimators that are linear combinations of a set of$\sqrt n$-consistent nonlinear estimators whose cardinality increases with sample size. The method can be compared with the usual approaches of combining the moment conditions (GMM) and combining the instruments (IV), and achieves similar objectives of aggregating the available information. One advantage of aggregating the estimators rather than the moment conditions is that it yields robustness to certain types of parameter heterogeneity in the sense that it delivers consistent estimates of the mean effect in that case. We discuss the question of optimal weighting of the estimators.

scholarly journals Architecture of modern coastal development. Saint Petersburg realias and experience of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05022
Author(s):  
Fedor Perov ◽  
Leonid Lavrov ◽  
Aleksandra Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The City ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Results of the first stage of territory development in the Gulf of Finland near the western coast of Vasilyevsky Island in Saint Petersburg are rated unsatisfactory. Results in the field of aesthetics, ecology, social stability and functional arrangement of the urban environment on new lands are negative. According to the analysis of experience in coastal areas' reconstruction in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg, ambitious goals that were set for the project in Saint Petersburg were not achieved due to defects of the urban planning system — there was no centralized project management, activities of contractors, who neglected exclusive potential of the coastal area and its proximity to the historical core of the city, were insufficiently coordinated and controlled. It is argued that this is due to inertia of the Saint Petersburg design and construction system. During many years, it was focused on large-scale residential development of vast peripheral territories and, therefore, it was not capable to resolve issues related to development of highly urbanized environment in the city center. Omissions made during construction of a highway through the residential area are identified. The highway design does not provide reliable protection against negative impact on residential quarters. The route of the highway was designed as a bypass of the city center, but it became the shortest route to the center. It is noted that further development will offer opportunities for partial correction of the errors made. The new management team of the city architectural services considers the territory perspective for expansion of the Saint Petersburg center towards the water area of the Gulf of Finland.

scholarly journals Meanings and scripts in the linguistic landscape of Saint Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 802-815
Author(s):  
Daria Bylieva ◽  
Victoria Lobatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Hide Meaning ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
The City ◽  
The Russian Language

Abstract This article examines the linguistic component of building signs in the city center of St. Petersburg, Russia. The research is based on the analysis of an extensive database that covers 849 examples. It concludes that the Cyrillic script can be found in 84% of cases, Latin script – in 48%, and other scripts – in 4%. English is used to attract international visitors, demonstrate the authenticity of the brand, create a national flavor, hide meaning from the general public or as a part of linguistic creativity. Sometimes such language experiments break the phonetic–graphemic definitiveness of language, mixing form, and meaning. The use of the Latin script can either be targeted at those who do not know the Russian language or form a part of the language game for the Russian-speaking public.

scholarly journals Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of Process Equipments

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Manthan Deshmukh ◽  
Rohan Dumbre ◽  
Shubham Anekar ◽  
Heramb Kulkarni ◽  
Sushant Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Heat Exchanger Plate ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Available Information

Industry 4.0 the proclaimed fourth industrial revolution is unfolding at the moment. It is characterized by interconnectedness and vast amounts of available information. Industrial production has evolved enormously over the last centuries due to modern instruments. Hence issue of the instrument failure is very paramount in any industry. Even if one machine fails it halts the whole production. Overall, it may cost us with more man-hours, project delay, process latency and all this sums up as a huge loss. The life of the instruments should be taken care by continuously monitoring its health. Any faulty or unnatural disturbance in usage of the instrument may lead to its failure. Every instrument needs proper maintenance, even with the slight negligence towards the anomaly it may lead to instrument failure. In, predictive maintenance historic data is utilized and analyzed with the help of advance analytics and modelling techniques using Machine learning, moreover we can predict failures and can schedule the maintenance beforehand and predict failure in advance. With the help of relevant sensor dataset, we can estimate the remaining runtime of the instruments. This maintenance approach helps to lower the costs which are incurred due to system shut downs. It also ease the scheduling and maintenance activities.In this work, three different industrial case studies are considered like shell and tube type heat exchanger, plate type heat exchanger, and semiconductor manufacturing process.Here the predictive maintenance is carried out for heat exchanger by utilizing the concept of multi linear regression and time series analysis. For the semiconductor manufacturing dataset, support vector machine algorithm is implemented to find out the good and bad quality of semiconductor production slots.

scholarly journals Keragaman Cendawan Pascapanen pada Umbi Bawang Merah Varietas Bima Brebes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra ◽  
Sri Listiyowati ◽  
Ira Zahara Nurwulansari
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Diversity of Postharvest Fungi on Shallot Bulbs Variety Bima BrebesIn Indonesia, shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is horticultural main commodity after hot pepper. Significant yield losses can be caused by postharvest fungi infection. Research on the diversity of postharvest fungi on shallot bulbs has been conducted in some countries, unfortunately little is done in Indonesia. The study was aimed to obtain information on the diversity of postharvest fungi infecting shallot bulbs variety Bima Brebes from several traditional markets in Bogor City. Shallot bulbs were collected in January and February 2016. The study consisted of fungal isolation from shallot bulbs, fungal pathogenicity test, and identification of pathogenic fungi based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphology identification was based on the color of fungal colony, growth pattern, as well as somatic and reproduction structures. Several species of pathogenic fungi were successfully identified from shallot bulbs i.e. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum and P. pinophilum.  Among these fungi, the highest pathogenicity was shown by C.  gloeosporioides species complex.

scholarly journals Fishery and academic science —a new stage of collaboration

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
K.V. Kolonchin ◽  
◽  
M.K. Glubokovsky ◽  
A.I. Glubokov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Deputy Minister ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The history of the Russian fisheries research is briefly reviewed, starting from the moment when the Academy of Sciences was founded by Peter I in Saint Petersburg on January 28, 1724, to the present day. The year of founding of applied fisheries science was named 1881, when the Solovetsky biological station was created. The leading research institute of the industry —VNIRO —was established in 1933 in Moscow. VNIRO join the efforts of all applied institutes of the USSR, which have been created by that time in the main fishery basins. The interaction of fisheries and academic science is traced. The greatest flourishing of cooperation during the Soviet period was in the 1950s —1960s. A new stage of cooperation between scientists began from the moment of signing on September 6, 2018 by the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation —Head of the Federal Agency for fisheries —I.V. Shestakov and the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.M. Sergeev the Agreement on cooperation, allowing to achieve a significant synergistic effect through coordinated annual research program of scientists from fishery research and academic science.

scholarly journals Root Infection of Woody Hosts with Verticillium albo-atrum

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 209-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Born
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
The University ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Partial Fulfillment

Verticilium wilt is a plant disease caused by the fungus Verticil- Hum albo-atrum Reinke and Berthold. This pathogen is peculiar in tliat it does not confine its attacks to one host, or a few closely related hosts, as is so frequently the case with most other pathogenic fungi; it attacks a large number of widely unrelated plants, many of which are of economic importance. The disease does not often occur in forest stands, but it is becoming increasingly prevalent in plantings of ornamental trees and shrubs, particularly in temperate regions of the world. The present study initiated in 1970 and completed in 1972 deals with ( 1 the influence of root wounds and age of wounds on infection, (2) penetration and development of the fungus in susceptible and resistant woody hosts, (3) analysis of the growth response of young tree seedlings after root infection, (4) the influence of temperature and heat treating of soil on development of V. albo-atrum in excised roots, and (5) laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of fungicides against V. albo-atrum. This report is adapted from a thesis submitted to the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Pliilosophy in Plant Pathology.

scholarly journals Investigation of the properties of brick as partof the outer walls of historical buildings in Saint Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Sokol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City

The brick industry began to develop rapidly in the middle of the XIX century, which coincided with the construction of most of the buildings in the city center. Therefore, brick is a popular building material that has found wide application in the development of the historical center of Saint Petersburg. The results of full-scale tests of bricks taken from the outer wall of a historic building show that the bricks have retained their building properties. But single-layer brick walls do not meet the new requirements for energy saving, and, in this regard, options for using an insulant material in the structure of outer walls are offered, and ways of increasing the energy efficiency of historical development buildings are considered.

scholarly journals The problem of the Dutch elm disease in Saint Petersburg

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Щербакова ◽  
С.В. Шевченко ◽  
Н.Б. Мощеникова
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Improve Efficiency

В последние десятилетия в насаждениях СанктПетербурга наблюдается катастрофическое усыхание вязов в связи с развитием голландской болезни. Генетические исследования показали, что в СанктПетербурге обнаружены два вида возбудителя голландской болезни вязов Оphiostoma ulmi и О. novoulmi. Приводится динамика количества очагов голландской болезни на территории СанктПетербурга с 2009 по 2017 г. с разбивкой на возникающие, действующие и затухающие очаги. В настоящее время вырубка пораженных вязов не соответствует рекомендациям специалистов и не приводит к ограничению распространения графиоза. В работе уточнены рекомендации по повышению эффективности метода санитарных рубок в борьбе с эпифитотией голландской болезни вязов. In the recent decade, Dutch elm disease epiphytotic has been inducing catastrophic elms dieback in Saint Petersburg. Genetic studies showed that there are two fungi species causing the Dutch elm disease in Saint Petersburg, namely Оphiostoma ulmi and О. novoulmi. Anthropogenic factor affects tree defense and favors the spread of the disease. The dynamics of the disease centers in SaintPetersburg during 2009 2017 is presented. The disease centers are categorized as commencing, in effect, and ceasing. Currently, random cutting of the diseased or dead elms without recommendations of phytopathologists does not prevent the spread of the Dutch elm disease in Saint Petersburg. We provide revised recommendations how to improve efficiency of sanitation cuttings.

scholarly journals Patterns of origin, formation and spatial movement of the center of Saint-Petersburg in the 1703-1730s

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 04028
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Yuri Pukharenko
Keyword(s):  
City Center ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
The Real ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

On the basis of numerous archival and published materials and data, project ideas and the real history of the formation and development of the historical center of Saint-Petersburg on the Gorodskoy Island (in 1703-1720), Vasilyevsky Island (in 1721-1730) and on the Admiralteyskaya side (since the 1730s) are considered as stages of gradual crystallization of various spatial concepts of the capital’s development. The structure of the city center that changed over time is revealed. The results of the study: a fairly clear correspondence is shown between the stages of development of spatial and structural ideas and the transfer of the capital’s center to new territories, depending on changes in the state’s prestigious landmarks.

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