scholarly journals The history of scientific ideas through the prism of the history of philosophical ideas

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Н.Н. Губанов ◽  
Н.И. Губанов
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parallel Reconstruction ◽  
Scientific Ideas

В статье предлагается метод, который наводит мост между историей науки и историей философии – метод параллельной реконструкции истории становления научной теории и её философского прообраза, под которым понимается совокупность философских предпосылок и оснований этой теории. Метод основан на концепции, согласно которой актуальное бытие философских идей представляет собой, помимо возможностей собственного развития, потенциальное бытие научных идей. Из обширного и многомерного резервуара философских идей развитие науки актуализирует лишь некоторые смыслы и только в исторически специфической конкретно-научной интерпре-тации. Мы не знаем заведомо, какие новые преломления в научном сознании может получить та или иная старая философская идея: теоретически количество таких интерпретаций бесконечно. Но в имеющейся научной теории мы в состоянии проследить её философскую подоплёку до самых базовых её предпосылок. По мнению авторов, рассмотрение истории науки в таком ключе способствует видению интеллектуальной истории как единого процесса, в котором постоянно перекликаются история философских идей и история научных идей, взаимно стимулируя друг друга и сливаясь в процессе интеллектуального прогресса. Нахождение философских оснований какой-либо современной научной теории позволяет провести её определённое философское обоснование, что в ситуации конкуренции с другой научной теорией, при прочих равных условиях, может служить дополнительным аргументом в пользу данной теории. The article proposes a method that builds a bridge between the history of science and the history of philosophy - a method of parallel reconstruction of the history of the formation of a scientific theory and its philosophical prototype, which is understood as a combination of philosophical premises and foundations of this theory. The method is based on a concept, according to which the actual being of philosophical ideas is, besides the possibilities of their own development, the potential being of scientific ideas. From the vast and multidimensional reservoir of philosophical ideas, the subsequent development of science actualizes and develops only some meanings and only in a historically specific concrete scientific interpretation. We certainly do not know what new reflections in the scientific consciousness one or another old philosophical idea can receive: theoretically, the number of such interpretations is infinite. But in the existing scientific theory, we are able to trace its philosophical background to its most basic premises. According to the authors, the consideration of the history of science in this vein contributes to the vision of intellectual history as a single process in which the history of philosophical ideas and the history of scientific ideas constantly resonate, mutually stimulating each other and merging in the process of intellectual progress. Finding the philosophical foundations of any modern scientific theory allows us to carry out its certain philosophical justification, which in a situation of competition with another scientific theory, ceteris paribus, can serve as an additional argument in favor of this theory.

Local Ideas and Global Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-84
Author(s):  
James Livesey
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Science ◽  
Scientific Ideas

This chapter talks about the aftermath of the collapse in authority of positivist models where scholars became highly sensitized to the implication of strategies of inquiry and interpretation with strategies of control. Even in areas of the social sciences that did not commit to discourse as a master category, the suspicion that the claim to a form of truth, or knowledge, entirely distinct from power, was in fact nothing more than a mystification that had explosive consequences. The history of science in its many forms has been transformed. In turn, the challenge to an easy universalism in the sciences has been foundational to the emergence of global intellectual history. The philosophical and methodological challenges of even the most mediated and subtle kinds of constructivism create dual fundamentalist temptations, toward a self-refuting reductivism or an overstated idealism. The “strong program,” associated with the Edinburgh University Science Studies Unit, pursued a wholehearted sociology of science and argued that the truth-value of particular scientific ideas was itself social in origin, thus collapsing the discovery/validation dichotomy.

scholarly journals Pierre Monbeig and the Formation of Geography in Brazil (1925-1957): Geohistory of Knowledge, Intellectual History and the Insertion of Brazilian Geography into the World-Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Alves de Lira
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
World Science ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The World ◽  
University Professor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Context

This paper aims to present the exemplarity of an intellectual meeting between a French intellectual, trained in history and geography at the Sorbonne, France (before spending time in Spain during the beginning of his doctorate), and the “Brazilian terrain”. From his training to his work as a university professor in Brazil, what I want to characterize is a transnational intellectual context in the domain of the history of science, using geographical reasoning as a reference. However, before becoming aware of these intellectual processes, it should be said that at the base of this context lies the Brazilian space. This kind of reasoning as a proposed methodology is named here the geohistory of knowledge. In this paper, I seek to present this methodology and its theoretical and empirical results, focusing on how the construction of contextualization can be related to space.

Aspects of knowledge

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literature History

This edited collection explores how knowledge was preserved and reinvented in the Middle Ages. Unlike previous publications, which are predominantly focused either on a specific historical period or on precise cultural and historical events, this volume, which includes essays spanning from the eighth to the fifteenth centuries, is intended to eschew traditional categorisations of periodisation and disciplines and to enable the establishment of connections and cross-sections between different departments of knowledge, including the history of science (computus, prognostication), the history of art, literature, theology (homilies, prayers, hagiography, contemplative texts), music, historiography and geography. As suggested by its title, the collection does not pretend to aim at inclusiveness or comprehensiveness but is intended to highlight suggestive strands of what is a very wide topic. The chapters in this volume are grouped into four sections: I, Anthologies of Knowledge; II Transmission of Christian Traditions; III, Past and Present; and IV, Knowledge and Materiality, which are intended to provide the reader with a further thematic framework for approaching aspects of knowledge. Aspects of knowledge is mainly aimed to an academic readership, including advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and specialists of medieval literature, history of science, history of knowledge, history, geography, theology, music, philosophy, intellectual history, history of the language and material culture.

Thickening Transregionalism: Historical Formations of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Thought Style ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article offers an overview of science and technology studies (STS) in Southeast Asia, focusing particularly on historical formations of science, technology, and medicine in the region, loosely defined, though research using social science approaches comes within its scope. I ask whether we are fashioning an “autonomous” history of science in Southeast Asia—and whether this would be enough. Perhaps we need to explore further “Southeast Asia as method,” a thought style heralded here though remaining, I hope, productively ambiguous. This review contributes primarily to the development of postcolonial intellectual history in Southeast Asia and secondarily to our understanding of the globalization and embedding of science, technology, and medicine.

scholarly journals Alchemy and Creation in the Work of Albertus Magnus

Conatus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Athanasios Rinotas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Albertus Magnus’ alchemy is a subject that has attracted the attention of the scholars since the early decades of the 20th century. Yet, the research that has been conducted this far is characterised by its non philosophical character. As a matter of fact, the previous studies approached Albertus’ alchemy either in terms of history of science or of intellectual history. In this paper, I focus on Albertus’ definition of alchemical transmutation that is found in his De mineralibus and I analyze it in terms of his theory of creation and of his theory of matter. Therefore, I show whether a re-creation of a metal is in accordance with Albertus’ philosophy and congruently I bring forth the Aristotle Graecus and the Aristotle Latinus that are found as background in his alchemical theory of transmutation. Ultimately this paper aims to show that the aforementioned theory is not an arbitrary statement from Albertus’ part, but the result of a serious philosophical endeavour

scholarly journals Jenseits von Kiel: Zu einer Wissenschaftsgeschichte der quantitativ-theoretischen Wende in der deutschsprachigen Geographie

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
Boris Michel ◽  
Katharina Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

Abstract. This editorial provides a theoretical and contextual framework for the themed issue “Raum. Gesetze. Daten.”. The article calls for a broader historiographic analysis of the quantitative-theoretical turn in German-speaking geography. We propose a research agenda that aims at writing a history of science beyond monumental history and classical intellectual history, that focuses on the messiness of history and takes the historicity of systems of thought into account. The endeavour is part of a growing interest in the history of science in the context of the cold war, cybernetic thinking and post-Fordist capitalism.

Some Current Trends in the Study of Renaissance Medicine

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Siraisi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Present State ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
History Of ◽  
Renaissance Medicine

The following brief reflections on the present state of scholarship in Renaissance medicine make no claim to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. Medicine is of broad historical interest because a web of connections link it to the culture as a whole. Variously considered, medicine has a place in the history of science and technology, in social history, and in a wide sweep of cultural and intellectual history ranging from the history of philosophy to the study of popular mentalités. Moreover, although the field of the history of Renaissance medicine is one in which much, including fundamental work, remains to be done, it is also one that is now being vigorously developed in some widely diverse ways. Confronted with this breadth of topics and materials, I am seeking only to isolate a few major directions in current work

scholarly journals RUNNING DETAILS ON THE TWO MOVEMENTS IN THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND IDEAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jean Buridan

A long tradition concerning the causes of the planetary movements existed as to the movements on the earth: the so called problem de motu locali. Starting from late middle Ages many criticisms were carried out against the Aristotelian doctrine of natural and violent motions. A well accredited and historically coherent theory to explain the movement and the change of movement was the medieval theory of impetus substantially developed by Jean Buridan (ca. 1300–ca. 1360) and by Nicolas d’Oresme (1320? 1325?–1382) on the basis of ideas that came back to John Philoponus (490–570).

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