scholarly journals Avaliação da procura pelos serviços de saúde e tratamento farmacológico de pacientes com anorexia e bulimia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Yamamoto Chiba ◽  
Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz ◽  
Artênio José Ísper Garbin ◽  
Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Young Women ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Introdução: Os transtornos alimentares são caracterizados como distúrbios do comportamento alimentar, associados ao desequilíbrio nos pensamentos, ações e atitudes dos indivíduos resultando em prejuízos à saúde do indivíduo. Estas condições são cada vez mais comuns na sociedade atual e têm ganhado crescente atenção da comunidade científica. Objetivo: Analisar a procura pelo atendimento e farmacoterapia em mulheres com anorexia e bulimia nervosa atendidas em uma faculdade de medicina em 2018. Material e método: Realizou-se análise documental dos prontuários médicos. A procura pelo atendimento foi considerada não-espontânea quando a paciente foi encaminhada pela unidade de urgência/emergência ou compareceu acompanhada por responsável legal sem admitir necessidade de tratamento. Resultados: Identificou-se 14 pacientes, com idade média de 31,21 anos. 43% apresentaram procura não-espontânea pelo atendimento, sendo 83% destas encaminhadas por unidades de urgência/emergência. Foram prescritos 21 medicamentos diferentes, sendo a maioria antidepressivos. 52% dos fármacos prescritos não são disponibilizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. 29% dos pacientes apresentavam polifarmácia, 43% automedicação e 57% pensamento de morte. Houve associação entre o pensamento de morte e uso de 4 ou mais medicamentos. Conclusão: Uma parcela considerável das pacientes teve procura não-espontânea pelo atendimento. Os fármacos prescritos foram principalmente antidepressivos e a maioria não é disponibilizado no Sistema Único de Saúde, evidenciando a onerosidade econômica e social do tratamento.Descritores: Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos; Anorexia; Bulimia; Tratamento Farmacológico.ReferênciasLe LK, Barendregt JJ, Hay P, Mihalopoulos C. Prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;53:46-58.Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Adolescent eating disorders: definitions, symptomatology, epidemiology and comorbidity. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009;18(1):31-47.Zabala MJ, Macdonald P, Treasure J. Appraisal of caregiving burden, expressed emotion and psychological distress in families of people with eating disorders: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2009;17(5):338-49.Sharan P, Sundar AS. Eating disorders in women. Indian J Psychiatry. 2015; 57(Suppl 2): S286–S295.Brandys MK, de Kovel CG, Kas MJ, van Elburg AA, Adan RA. Overview of genetic research in anorexia nervosa: The past, the present and the future. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(7):814-25.Mitchison D, Hay PJ. The epidemiology of eating disorders: genetic, environmental, and societal factors. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:89-97.American Psychiatric Association; 2013. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington.Smink FR, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):406-14.Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines.Stewart TM, Williamson DA. Multidisciplinary treatment of eating disorders--Part 1: Structure and costs of treatment. Behav Modif. 2004;28(6):812-30.Donaldson AA, Hall A, Neukirch J, Kasper V, Simones S, Gagnon S, et al. Multidisciplinary care considerations for gender nonconforming adolescents with eating disorders: A case series. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(5):475-479.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição/Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2013. 84 p.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos. departamento de assistência farmacêutica e insumos estratégicos. Relação nacional de medicamentos essenciais: RENAME 2017. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2017. 210 p.Stice E, Marti CN, Rohde P. Prevalence, incidence, impairment, and course of the proposed DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses in an 8-year prospective community study of young women. J Abnorm Psychol. 2013;122(2):445-57.Lewinsohn PM, Striegel-Moore RH, Seeley JR. Epidemiology and natural course of eating disorders in young women from adolescence to young adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39(10):1284-92.van Son GE, van Hoeken D, Bartelds AI, van Furth EF, Hoek HW. Time trends in the incidence of eating disorders: a primary care study in the Netherlands. Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39(7):565-9.Hoek HW, van Hoeken D. Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2003;34(4):383–96.Brand-Gothelf A, Leor S, Apter A, Fennig S. The impact of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders on severity of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2014;202(10):759-62.Bühren K, Schwarte R, Fluck F, Timmesfeld N, Krei M, Egberts K, et al. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in female adolescents with first-onset anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2014;22(1):39-44.Mizusaki K, Gih D, LaRosa C, Richmond R, Rienecke RD. Psychotropic usage by patients presenting to an academic eating disorders program. Eat Weight Disord. 2018 Jun 7. doi: 10.1007/s40519-018-0520-3. [Epub ahead of print]Fazeli PK, Calder GL, Miller KK, Misra M, Lawson EA, Meenaghan E, et al. Psychotropic medication use in anorexia nervosa between 1997 and 2009. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45(8):970-6.Nascimento RCRM, Álvares J, Guerra Junior AA, Gomes IC, Costa EA, Leite SN et al. Availability of essential medicines in primary health care of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Rev. Saúde Pública. 2017;51(Suppl 2):10s.Fassino S, Abbate-Daga G. Resistance to treatment in eating disorders: a critical challenge. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:282.Becker AE, Fay KE, Agnew-Blais J, Khan AN, Striegel-Moore RH, Gilman SE. Social network media exposure and adolescent eating pathology in Fiji. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;198(1):43-50.Groesz LM, Levine MP, Murnen SK. The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: a meta-analytic review. Int J Eat Disord. 2002;31(1):1-16.

scholarly journals E-HEALTH NURSING VIRTUAL REALITY TREND PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA GUNA MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN MENTAL: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Fitrio Deviantony ◽  
Grysha Viofananda ◽  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Nadhifa Eriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reality Therapy ◽  
Virtual Reality Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Health Organization

permasalahan serius di dunia dan Indonesia. Data dari World Health Organization sekitar 21 juta orang mengalami skizofrenia. Prevalensi skizofrenia di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan proporsi per 1000 penduduk (1,7%) pada tahun 2013 menjadi (7%) pada tahun 2018. Faktanya terapi keperawatan untuk halusinasi belum optimal sedangkan teknologi terus berkembang seperti Virtual Reality (VR). VR mampu menurunkan gejala pada skizofrenia dengan kemampuan membuat perilaku interaktif dan tersimpan dalam otak agar tidak menimbulkan halusinasi. Teknologi ini digunakan untuk mengetahui manfaat E-Health Nursing VR sebagai terapi halusinasi pada pasien skizofrenia. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic review dari 5 database yaitu Nature, Frontiers, BMC, Science Direct, NEJM sehingga didapat total 55 literatur. Mayoritas 63% mengulas terapi VR untuk mengurangi halusinasi pada skizofrenia. Perkembangan manfaat VR diverifikasi dalam beberapa pengobatan: skizofrenia, PTSD, kecemasan, akrofobia, ganguan citra tubuh, claustrophobia, dan lain-lain. Beberapa studi skizofrenia menyatakan terapi VR sangat efektif menangani delusi, halusinasi, gejala kepribadian skizoid. VR juga berguna dalam rehabilitas kognitif pada orang dewasa atau anak-anak autis dalam keterampilan dan kemandirian. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah VR terbukti efektif sebagai terapi kesehatan jiwa di masa mendatang. Disisi lain terdapat terapi psikologis pilihan seperti terapi perilaku kognitif, dan psikoterapi interpersonal. Oleh karenanya diperlukan kombinasi terapi VR dengan terapi komplementer tersebut dalam mengurangi halusinasi pada skizofrenia.   Mental health become a severe problem in the world and Indonesia. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) estimated that 21 million people have schizophrenia. The prevalence of schizophrenia in Indonesia has increased proportion per 1000 population (1,7%) in 2013 to (7%) in 2018. In fact of nursing, therapy for hallucination is not optimal while constantly evolving technology such as Virtual Reality (VR). VR can reduce symptoms in schizophrenia with the ability to create interactive behavior and stored in the brain in order to cause hallucinations. The objective of this study was to review the benefit of VR as a hallucination therapy in schizophrenia patients. This research used a systematic literature review from five databases Nature, Frontiers, BMC, Science Direct, NEJM, and resulted in the retrieval of 55 papers. The majority of a result found a 63% review in Virtual Reality therapy can reduce hallucination in schizophrenia. VR is a technology browser and manipulator sensory environment in real-time 3D. The progressing benefit of VR verified in the treatment of schizophrenia, PSTD, anxiety, acrophobia, body image disorder, claustrophobia, and others. Some studies of schizophrenia declare that virtual reality therapy is effective in treating delusions, hallucinations, and a symptom of schizoid behavior. VR also has benefits in cognitive rehabilitation in adults or children with autism's inability and self-reliance. VR has a bright future as the treatment of mental health. The progressing of technology and research has an excellent opportunity for VR to reduce schizophrenia. Moreover, there is psychological therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy. Therefore a combination needed of virtual therapy with the complementary therapy for reducing hallucination in schizophrenia.

Delirium

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research World

The etymology of delirium is highly expressive: it comes from the Latin de, meaning down or away from, and lira, a furrow or track in the fields; that is, to be off the track. The precise features of the syndrome have been specified in DSM-111-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and in the Draft ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (World Health Organization, 1990).

Developing Medicines in Line with Global Public Health Needs: The Role of the World Health Organization

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIKKI PANG
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

“I want my leadership to be judged by the impact of our work on the health of two populations: women and the people of Africa.” This is how Dr. Margaret Chan, the current Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), described her leadership mission. The reason behind this mission is evident. Women and girls constitute 70% of the world’s poor and 80% of the world’s refugees. Gender violence against women aged 15–44 is responsible for more deaths and disability than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents, and war. An estimated 350,000 to 500,000 women still die in childbirth every year. The negative health implications of absolute poverty are worst in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Hence, Chan aims to have the biggest impact on the world’s poorest people.

scholarly journals Estimated Impact of World Health Organization Latent Tuberculosis Screening Guidelines in a Region With a Low Tuberculosis Incidence: Retrospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2101-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A Ronald ◽  
Jonathon R Campbell ◽  
Caren Rose ◽  
Robert Balshaw ◽  
Kamila Romanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Ltbi Screening ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment is a key component of the World Health Organization (WHO) EndTB Strategy, but the impact of LTBI screening and treatment at a population level is unclear. We aimed to estimate the impact of LTBI screening and treatment in a population of migrants to British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods This retrospective cohort included all individuals (N = 1 080 908) who immigrated to Canada as permanent residents between 1985 and 2012 and were residents in BC at any time up to 2013. Multiple administrative databases were linked to identify people with risk factors who met the WHO strong recommendations for screening: people with tuberculosis (TB) contact, with human immunodeficiency virus, on dialysis, with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, who had an organ/haematological transplant, or with silicosis. Additional TB risk factors included immunosuppressive medications, cancer, diabetes, and migration from a country with a high TB burden. We defined active TB as preventable if diagnosed ≥6 months after a risk factor diagnosis. We estimated the number of preventable TB cases, given optimal LTBI screening and treatment, based on these risk factors. Results There were 16 085 people (1.5%) identified with WHO strong risk factors. Of the 2814 people with active TB, 118 (4.2%) were considered preventable through screening with WHO risk factors. Less than half (49.4%) were considered preventable with expanded screening to include people migrating from countries with high TB burdens, people who had been prescribed immunosuppressive medications, or people with diabetes or cancer. Conclusions The application of WHO LTBI strong recommendations for screening would have minimally impacted the TB incidence in this population. Further high-risk groups must be identified to develop an effective LTBI screening and treatment strategy for low-incidence regions.

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