scholarly journals Functioning of the pension system of Ukraine, United Kingdom and the USA: comparative and legal characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
V.V. Mirgorod-Karpova ◽  
K.R. Koroshchenko
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Government

The article deals with the problem of the pension system of Ukraine. And also a complete analysis of the pension system that exists in Ukraine, the US and the UK. The possibility of a pension for any country in the world is an opportunity for the full exercise of power by their authorities, as well as the achievement of the goal of the state - full social security for its citizens. In Ukraine, the existence of a solidarity system alone raises a number of problems. One of them is a working population less than people in need of a pension. That is, citizens have earned, but do not receive it in full, because there is a principle of a solidarity system of “heredity of generations”. World experience has shown that the most reliable retirement benefit is the one I have taken care of. Citizens in countries where there are fewer economic problems than in Ukraine have the opportunity to accumulate their retirement pension separately and use it when they reach retirement age. There are various private insurance companies where a person can deduct a portion from their salary. It is up to the individual to decide what part of the pension to accumulate in retirement. Such prudent citizens most often have two state pensions and from such private funds, the quality of life is certainly rising. The purpose of the Ukrainian pension system is to provide Ukrainians with pensions in full, and also to solve economic problems that will allow them to accumulate their old age in addition. The government is trying to make changes to change the existing solidarity system, and is looking for ways to address the situation in which pensioners do not receive the amount of money they donated to the state. The purpose of the article is to investigate the pension system of the countries where the highest pensions are, namely: the United States and the United Kingdom. Using the experience of foreign countries to build a reliable pension in Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Terrorist Risk Insurance Act of 2002: The Federal Government's Role in Addressing Losses Caused by Terrorism

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michael P.G. Stinziano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terrorism Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
Risk Insurance

In response to problems associated with insuring against the risk of foreign terrorist attacks in the United States, Congress passed The Terrorist Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (TRIA) to help solve an availability and affordability crisis in the private marketplace for terrorism risk insurance. TRIA established a temporary three-year federal program that created a risk-sharing mechanism to provide private insurance companies with a tool to manage the allocation of their risk resulting from foreign terrorist attacks. The role of government in helping to provide financial protection from losses not served by private markets is not new, but protecting against terrorism risk is. TRIA and its possible alternatives remain a topic of considerable discussion and debate as our country continues to address the threat of terrorism in the United States. One important element of this analysis is to determine what permanent role, if any, the government should play in providing terrorism risk insurance to address the market failure that occurred after September 11. Another is to explore possible alternatives to the current temporary program.

Healthcare of the Netherlands

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
Cause Of Deaths

The Netherlands is a state located in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium. The population of the country is just over 17million people. In terms of GDP, theNetherlands is among the twenty richest countries in the world, and in terms of exports, it is in the top ten. The average life expectancy in theNetherlands is 81.4 years; in the structure ofmortality, malignant neoplasms come out on top, which distinguishes the state from other European countries, where the main cause of deaths is cardiovascular diseases. The compulsory health insurance system was introduced in the country in 2006 after the medical reform. A distinctive feature of the Dutch healthcare system is its relative autonomy from the state, which performs only the function of an external controller, and all other powers belong to the municipal authorities. As a result, several private insurance companies have been admitted to health insurance in the Netherlands, which create healthy competition among themselves, thereby contributing to better quality and more affordable healthcare.

scholarly journals ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN INSURANCE PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
І. В. Ліченко
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
External Threats ◽  
National Institutions

In the current conditions of instability of the national economy and tense geopolitical situation, one of the key factors contributing to the realization of national interests and priorities of Ukraine is economic security. Which characterizes a state of the economy in which the economic interests of the enterprise, region, state and society are reliably protected from internal and external threats. The development of integration processes in the world community contributes to the economic growth of the state, however, like any development process, it faces a number of negative factors and risks that pose a threat to economic security. Given the complexity of the processes in domestic and foreign policy, the majority of the population is unsure of their future. The global crisis has revealed serious shortcomings in the mechanism for managing the economic security of the state and domestic economic entities, which has been reflected in declining economic growth, gross domestic product, rising unemployment and other indicators. As a result, there is a growing focus on security and risk management tools at the macroeconomic level, as well as their effectiveness in the national context. The article examines the mechanisms of ensuring the economic security of the state in the insurance process, which are crucial factors for sustainable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of policyholders, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The article examines the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the state in the insurance process, which are the most important components of stable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of insured persons, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The economic security of the state must be ensured, first of all, by the efficiency of the economy itself, that is, along with the protective measures taken by the state, it must protect itself on the basis of high productivity, product quality and more.

scholarly journals REFORMING THE PENSION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE EXPERIENCE OF POLAND

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
T. Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
O. Moroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Private Pension ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Investment Returns

The state, stages of formation and problems of the pension system of Ukraine are considered. The main directions of pension reform are identified, taking into account the experience of Poland. The attitude of citizens to the current state and readiness for changes in the pension system of Ukraine is analyzed. The survey showed that the respondents are ready and support the reform of the Ukrainian pension system and the introduction of the accumulative component, but there is a big problem in the form of distrust of private pension funds and private insurance companies. It is determined that the pension system is no longer able to withstand the load and requires changes in the near future. Analysis of the pension system has shown that it has always been formed taking into account only short-term objectives, which makes it ineffective in strategic terms. It is substantiated that without the growth of the welfare of the population, the de-shadowing of the labor market and the introduction of accumulative pension insurance, the financial condition of the Ukrainian solidarity pension system will deteriorate every year. However, along with the expected positive effect of the introduction of the accumulative component in Ukraine, there are also risks, as fluctuations and instability of the domestic economy may lead to deterioration of the banking sector and insurance companies, which will reduce investment returns in the system or even partial loss of pension savings. Two development scenarios (pessimistic and optimistic) for the pension system of Poland and Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that for the successful reform of the old solidarity system of Ukraine into a cumulative one it is necessary to: ensure sustainable GDP growth; create a centralized information system for collecting contributions; to personify and register all insured persons in the Pension Fund; identify the needs for qualified personnel, equipment and funds needed to meet the requirements of the new system; provide absolutely all conditions for the effective implementation of the private pension system.

scholarly journals Warlords, the United States, and the state of anarchy in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Azami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As part of its “War on Terror”, the United States (US) provided immense sums of money and advanced equipment to Afghan warlords in order to defeat and dismantle the Taliban and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Nearly two decades after the 2001 US-led intervention in Afghanistan that toppled the Taliban regime, the US continues supporting the warlords in various ways. As the intervention was also aimed at establishing a functioning state and reconstruction of the war-torn country, the US needed the support of local warlords to achieve its goals. However, over time, warlords and warlordism became a major challenge to the postTaliban state-building project and in many ways undermined the overall security and the state monopoly on violence. These warlords, who had been mostly expelled and defeated by the Taliban regime, returned under the aegis of the B52 bombers, recaptured parts of the country and reestablished their fiefdoms with US support and resources. They not only resist giving up the power and prestige they have accumulated over the past few years, but also hamper the effort to improve governance and enact necessary reforms in the country. In addition, many of them run their private militias and have been accused of serious human rights abuses as well as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, illegal mining and extortion in the areas under their control or influence. In many ways, they challenge the government authority and have become a major hurdle to the country’s emerging from lawlessness and anarchy. This paper explores the emergence and reemergence of warlords in Afghanistan as well as the evolution of chaos and anarchy in the country, especially after the US-led intervention of late 2001. It also analyzes the impact of the post-9/11 US support to Afghan warlords and its negative consequences for the overall stability and the US-led state-building process in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Sinergi Pelayanan Zakat dan Pajak Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Kemiskinan

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumi Herlita
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government

Zakat and taxes are two important sources of funding for the state. Both function to solve economic problems and reduce poverty in the community. But in reality the function of zakat and tax can not be optimal. BAZNAS and LAZ as an extension of the government in managing zakat can not be maximized in the collection of zakat funds as well as taxes. Although the nature of the tax is not specific to the poor, but also to the rich, but in fact the existence of taxes have not been able to solve poverty in Indonesia. Therefore it is necessary solution to synergize zakat and tax in order to increase zakat and tax collection. With bersinerginya zakat and taxes are expected to increase public awareness to pay zakat and taxes that can eventually be used to reduce poverty.

The Final Stage of the Minority Revolution in the United States. Upward Mobility of Minorities to the Corridors of Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-1) ◽  
pp. 62-91
Author(s):  
Irina Zhezhko-Braun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Electoral Laws ◽  
The Government

This article is the third and final in a series dealing with the birth of a new political elite in the United States, the minority elite. In previous articles, the mechanism of its appearance was analyzed, as well as its ideology, goals, program and values. The black movement, as the most co-organized of all protest movements, is entering the final phase of its development, being engaged in the placement of its representatives in state and federal governments, political parties and other social institutions. The women’s movement has recently been taken over by ethnic movements, primarily blacks, and has become their vanguard. This article describes new social elevators for the promotion of minority representatives into the corridors of power. The logic of promoting people of their own race, gender and nationality to the highest branches of power began to prevail over other criteria for recruiting personnel. During the 2020 election campaign, a new mechanism for promoting minorities in all branches of government was formed. It is based on numerous violations of local and federal electoral legislation. The mechanism of pressure on the US electoral system is analyzed using the example of the state of Georgia and the activities of politician Stacey Abrams. The article describes Abrams’ strategy to create a network of NGOs that are focused on one mission - to arrange for the political shift of the state in the elections. These organizations circumvented existing laws, making the state of Georgia the record holder for electoral irregularities and lawsuits. The article shows that Abrams’ struggle with the electoral laws of her state is based on the political myth of the voter suppression of minorities. The author identifies a number of common characteristics of the new elite. The minority elite does not show any interest in social reconciliation and overcoming racial conflict, but rather makes efforts to incite the latter, to attract the government to its side and increase its role in establishing “social justice” through racial quotas and infringement of the rights of those social strata that it has appointed bearers of systematic racism in society. As the colored elite increases and the government’s role in resolving racial conflicts grows, the minority movement is gradually condemned, it ceases to be a true grassroots movement and turns into astroturfing.

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