scholarly journals Fertilizer Placement Effects on Soil Nitrogen and Use by Drip-irrigated and Plastic-mulched Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton P. Cook ◽  
Douglas C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
N Concentration

The effects of fertilizer placement and soil moisture level on soil N movement, uptake, and use by tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) grown with drip irrigation and plastic mulch were evaluated at two locations on two types of sandy soils. Broadcast or band fertilizer placement had no effect on fruit size, fruit number, or total yield. Fruit size was increased at one location, and the incidence of blossom-end rot was decreased by increased frequency of irrigation. Nitrate-N distribution within the bed was not affected by initial N placement. In the soil with a rapid infiltration rate, NO3-N levels in the center of the bed were always low, with highest concentration observed in the areas of the bed most distant from the drip tube. In the soil with the slower infiltration rate, NO3-N concentrations were more uniform throughout the bed, with highest concentrations in the bed center: Increasing soil moisture levels (–20 kPa vs. –30 kPa) resulted in increased leaching and reduced NO3-N concentration throughout the bed. Foliage N concentration was not affected by N placement, but decreased seasonally. Total N uptake by the above-ground portion of the plants was not affected by fertilizer placement or soil moisture level.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Application Frequency for Drip-irrigated Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton P. Cook ◽  
Douglas C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Raised Bed

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of N application frequency through drip irrigation on soil NO3-N movement in the bed profile and on yield and N uptake by tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Sunny') at two locations. Increasing N application frequency resulted in increased yields at Clayton, N. C., but not at Charleston, S.C. The number of fruit produced was not affected by N treatment at either location, but fruit size increased with increasing N application frequency at Clayton. Foliage N concentration decreased seasonally, but neither foliage N concentration nor total N content of the above-ground portion of the plants was affected by N application frequency. Regardless of N application frequency, NO3-N concentrations within the raised bed decreased with time due to plant uptake and leaching. Nitrogen levels declined most rapidly in the area closest to the drip tube.

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

Populations of endogonaceous fungi at two locations in central Iowa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2518-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Walker ◽  
Carl W. Mize ◽  
Harold S. McNabb Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

Two different sites in central Iowa were planted with hybrid poplars and subsequently sampled over a growing season for spores of endogonaceous fungi. At one of the sites, the effects of plowing and herbicide treatment on spore numbers also were examined. Ten species of fungi in the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, and Glomus were recorded at the first site. The second location yielded 12 species from the same genera. In both sites, the distribution of spores was highly variable. The poplars rarely became endomycorrhizal and had no effect on spore populations during the experimental period. Changes in spore populations were correlated with soil-moisture level. Evidence was found for some depression of spore production caused by plowing and herbicide treatment. The conclusion was drawn that small samples with but few replicates may not adequately represent populations of endogonaceous spores.

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Automatic Prototype Smart Irrigation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Crop Field

In the current condition, it is difficult to increase plant development and reduce expenses in agricultural sectors; nevertheless, an advanced thought leads to the use of an automated model that introduces automation in the irrigation system, which can aid in improved water and human resources management. An automated model has been developed using sensors and microcontroller technology, to make the most efficient use of water supply for irrigation. A soil moisture content detector is inserted into the soil of the crops, and an ultrasonic sensor is placed above the soil of the crops to measure the water level after irrigation has begun. A C++ program with threshold values for the moisture sensor was used to start the system in the crop field depending on the soil moisture level, and an ultrasonic sensor was used to control the water in the crop field. The Arduino UNO board is a microcontroller inbuilt of Atmel in the mega AVR family (ATMega328) and the sensors were used to lead the model in turning ON/OFF. A microcontroller was included in this model to run the program by receiving sensor input signals and converting them to soil water content and water level values in the crop field. The microcontroller began by receiving input values, which resulted in an output instructing the relay to turn on the groundwater pump. An LCD screen has also been interfaced with the microcontroller to show the percentage of moisture in the soil, field water level, and pump condition. When the soil moisture level reaches 99 percent and the water level reaches 6 cm after 2.5 and 4 minutes, respectively, the pump is turned off. This model, according to the study, might save water, time, and reduce human effort.

scholarly journals Ethephon Reduces Maize Nitrogen Uptake but Improves Nitrogen Utilization in Zea mays L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Zhang ◽  
Yubin Wang ◽  
Churong Liu ◽  
Delian Ye ◽  
Danyang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
N Use

Increasing use of plant density or/and nitrogen (N) application has been introduced to maize production in the past few decades. However, excessive planting density or/and use of fertilizer may cause reduced N use efficiency (NUE) and increased lodging risks. Ethephon application improves maize lodging resistance and has been an essential measure in maize intensive production systems associated with high plant density and N input in China. Limited information is available about the effect of ethephon on maize N use and the response to plant density under different N rates in the field. A three-year field study was conducted with two ethephon applications (0 and 90 g ha−1), four N application rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1), and two plant densities (6.75 plants m−2 and 7.5 plants m−2) to evaluate the effects of ethephon on maize NUE indices (N agronomic efficiency, NAE; N recovery efficiency, NRE; N uptake efficiency, NUpE; N utilization efficiency, NUtE; partial factor productivity of N, PFPN), biomass, N concentration, grain yield and N uptake, and translocation properties. The results suggest that the application of ethephon decreased the grain yield by 1.83–5.74% due to the decrease of grain numbers and grain weight during the three experimental seasons. Meanwhile, lower biomass, NO3- and NH4+ fluxes in xylem bleeding sap, and total N uptake were observed under ethephon treatments. These resulted in lower NAE and NUpE under the ethephon treatment at a corresponding N application rate and plant density. The ethephon treatment had no significant effects on the N concentration in grains, and it decreased the N concentration in stover at the harvesting stage, while increasing the plant N concentration at the silking stage. Consequently, post-silking N remobilization was significantly increased by 14.10–32.64% under the ethephon treatment during the experimental periods. Meanwhile, NUtE significantly increased by ethephon.

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