scholarly journals HONEY LOCUST SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT DURING OSMOTIC AND HIGH ROOT TEMPERATURE STRESS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143d-1143
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Wilkins ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Seed Scarification ◽  
Honey Locust ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Development of half-sib Gleditsia triacanthos inermis Willd. (honey locust) seedlings was studied during exposure to osmotic and high root temperature stress. Seven days after seed scarification, seedlings of uniform fresh weight were transferred to static hydroponic culture vessels in a growth chamber. Three days later, vessel solutions were replaced with polyethylene glycol 8000-amended solutions with osmotic potentials (ψπ) of -0.05, -0.10, or -0.20 MPa at 23C. Within each ψπ treatment, root temperature was increased from ambient (23C) to 35C for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hr day-1 for 20 days. Root and shoot dry weights decreased with increasing exposure to 35C among seedlings in the -0.05 MPa solution and decreased for seedlings in -0.10 and -0.20 MPa solutions in all temperature regimes. Epicotyl expansion tended to decrease with decreasing ψπ and increasing exposure to 35C. However, for plants in the -0.20 MPa solution, epicotyl length was greatest when roots were exposed to 35C for 6 hr day-1.

Influence of dormancy induction treatments on western hemlock seedlings. I. Seedling development and stock quality assessment

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Grossnickle ◽  
J. T. Arnott ◽  
J. E. Major ◽  
T. J. Tschaplinski
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Needle Primordia

Western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and subjected to four dormancy induction treatments (DIT) (i.e., long-day dry, long-day wet, short-day dry, and short-day wet) during midsummer. In the late summer and fall, seedling development was monitored and it was found that (1) short-day DIT caused a rapid cessation of shoot growth; (2) short-day DIT caused rapid fall development of needle primordia, while long-day DIT took until midwinter to produce the same number of needle primordia; and (3) short-day DIT seedlings had lower saturated and turgor loss point osmotic potentials and greater maximum modulus of elasticity in October than long-day DIT. Seedlings were tested with a comprehensive stock quality assessment procedure just before late winter field planting. These tests showed the following: (1) morphological parameters: short-day DIT reduced shoot to root ratios; (2) pressure–volume analysis: short-day wet seedlings had the lowest osmotic potentials at saturation and turgor loss point; (3) soluble sugar analysis: greater levels of total soluble sugars were found in non water stressed DIT compared with water stressed DIT seedlings; (4) seedling water movement: short-day DIT seedlings had the lowest resistance to water movement at low root temperature (5 °C); (5) low root temperature response: short-day compared with long-day DIT seedlings had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at low root temperatures; (6) root growth capacity: seedlings from all DIT were capable of growing roots at optimum root temperature (22 °C), but short-day compared with long-day DIT had greater root growth at low root temperatures; (7) drought stress response: short-day wet seedlings had the highest photosynthesis and stomatal conductance levels as predawn shoot water potentials decreased; and (8) frost hardiness: short-day wet seedlings had the least needle damage when tested at temperatures of −15 and −18 °C.

scholarly journals Growth of Honey Locust Seedlings during High Root-zone Temperature and Osmotic Stress

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1312-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Graves ◽  
Lorna C. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Honey Locust ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
Zone Temperature

Growth of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Willd.) seedlings was studied during exposure to reduced osmotic potential (ψπ) and high temperature in the root zone. Half-sib plants were cultured in solution. Root-zone temperature was increased from ambient (23C) to 35C for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours·day -l. Within each temperature treatment, solution ψπ of -0.05, – 0.10, and – 0.20 MPa were maintained by additions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. Root and shoot dry weights decreased with increasing exposure to 35C among seedlings in -0.05-MPa solution and decreased for seedlings in - 0.10- and - 0.20-MPa solutions in all temperature regimes. Growth of epicotyls displayed similar trends, but epicotyls of plants in -0.20-MPa solution were longest with 6 hours·day-l at 35C. Significant interactions between effects of temperature and osmotic regimes indicated that water-stressed honey locust seedlings are relatively insensitive to elevated root-zone temperatures. However, related studies showed that PEG caused reductions in growth that could not be explained by decreases in ψπ and suggested that responses of honey locust to PEG differed from those when drought was imposed by withholding irrigation in an aggregate medium.

scholarly journals 142 Root Mortality and Nutrient Uptake of Creeping Bentgrass in Response to Differential Root and Shoot Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 414B-414
Author(s):  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Qingzhang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Root Mortality ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Root Death ◽  
Soil Temperatures

This study was designed to compare and determine root growth and nutritional responses of creeping bentgrass cultivars that differ in heat tolerance to deferential, supraoptimal shoot and root temperatures. Shoots and roots of `Penncross' (heat sensitive) and `L-93' (heat tolerant) were exposed to four differential air/soil temperature regimes (20/20-control, 20/35, 35/20, and 35/35 °C) in water baths and growth chambers. Exposing roots to supraoptimal root temperature (35 °C) while maintaining shoots at normal temperature (20 °C), or at 35 °C in particular, reduced root fresh weight, root number, the content of N, P, and K in shoots and roots, and accelerated root death for both cultivars. High root temperature had a greater detrimental effects on root growth and nutrient accumulation than high shoot temperature for both cultivars. Reducing root temperature at supraoptimal shoot temperature improved root growth, reduced root mortality, and increased N, P, and K content in shoots and roots. Among the three nutrient elements, K was the most sensitive to changes in root temperature. L-93 generally maintained higher root fresh weight and number, and N, P, K content in shoots and roots, particularly K in roots, under high root (20/35 °C) or shoot/root (35/35 °C) temperatures. The results indicated that root growth and nutrient accumulation, particularly K, played an important role in creeping bentgrass tolerance to heat stress imposed to shoots by high air temperature or to roots by high soil temperatures. Reducing root temperature under supraoptimal ambient temperatures enhanced root growth and nutrient relations, and thus could lead to the improved shoot growth in cool-season grasses as reported previously.

scholarly journals Germination of Eugenia brasiliensis, E. involucrata, E. pyriformis, and E. uniflora (Myrtaceae) under water-deficit conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Cristina Inocente ◽  
Claudio José Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Abstract: This work aims at evaluating the tolerance of seeds of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam., E. involucrata DC., E. pyriformis Camb., and E. uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) to water deficit. Germination was carried out in polyethylene glycol 6000 solutions, at different osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.5, -1.0, -1.5, -2.0, -3.0, -4.0, and -5.0 MPa). The seeds were also placed in trays containing sand as substrate, and the water was replenished at different times, for up to 34 days. Seeds were evaluated as for their ability to undergoing a deficit period, and of germinating when water was made available again. In general, Eugenia spp. seeds were able to germinate at up to -1.5 MPa. In water potentials lower than 0.0 MPa, the beginning of germination experienced a delay, and it became better distributed throughout time. In the trays, the water restriction for up to 16 days did not limit normal seedling development. Seeds of Eugenia spp. were considerably tolerant to water deficit, as for both intensity and duration, which guarantees the development of seedlings and the propagation of the species.

scholarly journals Zinc Seed Priming Improves Spinach Germination at Low Temperature

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Asim Mahmood ◽  
Günter Neumann ◽  
Birte Boelt
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Early Seedling Development

Low temperature during germination hinders germination speed and early seedling development. Zn seed priming is a useful and cost-effective tool to improve germination rate and resistance to low temperature stress during germination and early seedling development. Spinach was tested to improve germination and seedling development with Zn seed priming under low temperature stress conditions. Zn priming increased seed Zn concentration up to 48 times. The multispectral imaging technique with VideometerLab was used as a non-destructive method to differentiate unprimed, water- and Zn-primed spinach seeds successfully. Localization of Zn in the seeds was studied using the 1,5-diphenyl thiocarbazone (DTZ) dying technique. Active translocation of primed Zn in the roots of young seedlings was detected with laser confocal microscopy. Zn priming of spinach seeds at 6 mM Zn showed a significant increase in germination rate and total germination under low temperature at 8 °C.

Water potentials of seeds of Bromus inermis and Medicago sativa imbibed on media of various osmotic potentials

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (17) ◽  
pp. 1997-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Thermocouple Psychrometer ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Seeds of smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cultivar Ladak) were allowed to imbibe in water or solutions of polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 1540), mannitol, or sodium chloride. Seed water potentials were determined over a 72-h period after transfer of seeds to thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Seed water potentials were lower than osmotic potentials of the media, but these two potentials were not clearly related to each other. Possible reasons for the lack of gradation in response are discussed.

scholarly journals Muskmelon seed germination and seedling development in response to seed priming

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley Marcos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Important factors affecting seed priming have not been extensively reported in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) studies. The optimization of the seed priming technique becomes very important at the commercial scale. Little information has been reported on seedling development of muskmelon subsequent to seed priming. Seeds of muskmelon were primed in darkness at 25°C in different solutions and three osmotic potentials. Seeds were also primed with and without aeration during different periods. In relation to osmotic solutions, an osmotic potential around -1.30 MPa is most adequate for muskmelon priming. Salt solutions gave better germination rate but were deleterious for seed germination, especially at higher osmotic potentials. Aeration of the soaking salt solution gave faster germination at 17°C, and because of the early germination, these treatments probably presented a better seedling development. Deleterious effect on total seed germination was observed for long soaking periods with aeration. Fungal growth increased on seeds primed in aerated solutions. Seeds from priming treatments had a better germination rate and seedling development under 17 and 25°C.

scholarly journals Adaptive drought tolerance during germination of Salsola drummondii seeds from saline and nonsaline habitats of the arid Arabian deserts

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attiat Elnaggar ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
Kareem A. Mosa ◽  
Teresa Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The effects of temperature, light, salinity, and drought on germination of halophytes have been extensively studied. However, few studies have focused on the germination of plants that grow well in both saline and nonsaline habitats (i.e., habitat-indifferent halophytes). Here, we assess the impacts of population origin, temperature, and light on drought tolerance, as simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), during germination of Salsola drummondii Ulbr., a habitat-indifferent halophyte from the arid Arabian deserts. Seeds were collected from both saline and nonsaline habitats and germinated at six concentrations of PEG at three temperatures and two light regimes. An increase in the concentration of PEG resulted in a significant reduction in seed germination, especially at higher temperatures. Seeds from the nonsaline habitat attained significantly greater germination efficiency at concentrations of PEG up to –1.2 MPa, but there was no difference in germination of seeds between the two habitats at concentrations of –1.5 MPa. Seeds from the saline habitat germinated significantly faster at higher concentrations of PEG. Germination was significantly higher in darkness than in light at –1.5 MPa at the lower temperatures, but the opposite was true for the higher temperatures. Seeds from saline habitats had higher levels of dormancy and faster rates of germination at higher concentrations of PEG because of their adaptation to low osmotic potentials.

scholarly journals Exogenous Polyamines Only Indirectly Induce Stress Tolerance in Wheat Growing in Hydroponic Culture under Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Osmotic Stress

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Marcińska ◽  
Kinga Dziurka ◽  
Piotr Waligórski ◽  
Franciszek Janowiak ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Induce Stress ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Response To Stress

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic stress caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 in hydroponic culture on wheat seedlings of drought-resistant Chinese Spring (CS) and drought-susceptible SQ1 cultivar, and to examine the alleviative role of exogenous polyamines (PAs) applied to the medium. The assessment was based on physiological (chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics, chlorophyll and water content) as well as biochemical (content of carbohydrates, phenols, proline, salicylic and abscisic acid, activity of low molecular weight antioxidants) parameters, measured after supplementation with PAs (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day of the treatment. The results indicate that PAs ameliorate the effects of stress, indirectly and conditionally inducing stress tolerance of wheat seedlings. In contrast to the susceptible SQ1, the resistant CS cultivar activated its protective mechanisms, adjusting the degree of their activation to the level of the stress, depending on the genetic resources of the plant. Increased accumulation of antioxidants in the resistant CS in response to stress after the application of PAs confirms the hypothesis that PAs are involved in the signaling pathway determining the antioxidative response and the tolerance of wheat plants to drought stress.

Environmental Control of Flowering of Boronia megastigma (Rutaceae) and Hypocalymma angustifolium (Myrtaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Day ◽  
BR Loveys ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Flowering

The flowering responses of Boronia megastigma Nees (Rutacae) and Hypocalymma angustifolium Endl. (Myrtaceae) to different photoperiod and temperature regimes were similar despite the fact that these species are from different families. No flowers reached anthesis in a temperature regime of 25°C day/17°C night but flowering of both species occurred in a cool temperatures (17°C day/9°C night). Photoperiod had no effect on flowering at the temperatures tested. Ten weeks of cool temperatures (17°C day/9°C night) were required for a maximum number of flowers to reach anthesis on H. angustifolium plants whereas B. megastigma plants required 15 weeks. Flower development in both species was inhibited by a large difference between day and night temperature (21°C day/5°C night) and promoted if the day/night difference was reversed (9°C day/17°C night). The temperature of the aerial parts of the plant controlled flowering, whereas vegetative growth was controlled by root temperature. Therefore, while a reduction in vegetative growth naturally coincides with the production of flowers, these events are not necessarily linked.

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