scholarly journals EFFECT OF DAMONOZIDE, ANCYMIDOL AND PACLBUTRAZOL ON HEIGHT CONTROL OF POTTED MUSSAENDA

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 257A-257
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dark Pink

Mussaenda, a tropical, hybrid ornamental plant from India and the Philippines, is being evaluated as a potential greenhouse ported crop in the united States. Showy sepals of white, picotee (White with rosy edges), light pink, dark pink, or red complemented by fragrant, yellow flowers and dark green, pubescent foliage make Mussaenda a very attractive potted plant. However, sometimes the height of Mussaenda is unsuitable for pot plant culture. With the use of chemical growth regulators. plant height is reduced thus making Mussaenda a more feasible potted crop. In the summer of 1992, a growth regulator study was conducted to evaluate three growth regulators and concentrations capable of reducing plant height in Mussaenda. Daminozide (B-Nine SP), ancymidol (A-Rest), or paclobutrazol (Bonzi) was applied at two concentrations each. Daminozide was tested as a spray at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm. Ancymidol was applied as a spray at 33 ppm and 66 ppm or as a drench at 0.25 mg/pot and 0.50 mg/pot. Paclobutrazol was tested as a spray at 25 ppm and 50 ppm or as a drench at 0.125 mg/pot and 0.25 mg/pot. Growth regulators were applied as a single application or a double application with two weeks separating applications. Daminozide at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm was most effective in controlling plant height. Ancymidol as a drench at 0.25 mg/pot and 0.50 mg/pot was also effective in plant height control. Two applications of these growth regulators were more effective in controlling plant height than a single application.

scholarly journals 017 GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON HEIGHT CONTROL OF POTTED MUSSAENDA QUEEN SIRIKIT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 430a-430
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

Mussaenda, a tropical ornamental shrub developed in the Philippines is being examined as a potential greenhouse potted crop in the United States. Showy sepals of white, picotee, pink or red and fragrant, yellow flowers make Mussaenda an attractive patted plans however, the profuse upright growth habit of some Mussaenda cultivars is undesirable for pot plant culture. With this in mind experiments were conducted to determine the effects of three growth regulators at two concentrations each, as well as the application method and the number of applications on Mussaenda plant height. Three growth regulators, daminozide (B-Nine), ancymidol (A-Rest), and paclobutrazol (Bonzi) were applied at two commercially recommended rates and two application methods (spray or drench). The treatment were daminozide at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm (spray), ancymidol at 33 and 66 ppm (spray) and at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/pot (drench), and paclobutrazol at 25 and 50 ppm (spray) and at 0.125 and 0.25 mg/pot (drench). In subsequent experiments, the same growth regulators were applied with an increase in concentration and either two or three applications. The treatments were daminozide at 5000 ppm (spray), ancymidol at 66 and 132 ppm (spray) and at 0.50 and 1.0 mg/pot (drench), and paclobutrazol at 50 and 100 ppm (spray) and at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/pot (drench). The most attractive potted plants were produced with two applications of daminozide at 5000 ppm or two applications of ancymidol at 0.5 mg/pot (drench). Higher concentrations or additional applications excessively reduced plant height. Three spray applications of 132 ppm ancymidol also produced an attractive potted plant. Paclobutrazol sprays or drenches at any concentration or application number were ineffective for reducing Mussaenda `Queen Sirikit' plant height.

scholarly journals Effects of Pinching, Number of Cuttings per Pot, and Plant Growth Regulators on Height Control of Purple Firespike

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rezazadeh ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Purple firespike (Odontonema callistachyum), native to Central America, has potential for use as a new flowering potted plant. The effects of number of pinches (zero, one, or two) and number of cuttings (one, two, or three) per 6-inch pot were evaluated on the control of plant height. Plant height was suppressed as the pinch number increased. The greatest reduction was recorded with one cutting per pot and two pinches. The maximum number of branches per pot was recorded with two pinches and three cuttings per pot. In a second experiment, plant growth regulators (PGR) were also tested for efficacy of height control; 2 weeks after pinching, foliar sprays of paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, daminozide, chlormequat, and a tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat or media drenches of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, or flurprimidol were applied. Plant height, leaf area, and leaf dry weight were recorded at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after PGR application. Maximum height control was obtained with uniconazole drench at 8 ppm, resulting in plants 22 cm tall, 61% shorter than the untreated control (56 cm); however, it resulted in severe leaf distortion. Plant height was 56% and 46% shorter than the control using drenches of paclobutrazol at 30 ppm and flurprimidol at 15 ppm, respectively. Daminozide spray at 2000 ppm and tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat at 4500/1500 ppm suppressed stem elongation by 20.3% and 19%, respectively. Plants treated with paclobutrazol drench at 30 ppm reduced leaf area and leaf dry weight compared with other PGRs. Chlormequat spray at tested concentrations was ineffective for controlling firespike plant growth. The most attractive potted plants were produced using a drench application of paclobutrazol at 10 or 15 ppm.

scholarly journals Flurprimidol and Paclobutrazol Substrate Drenches on Potted Pineapple Lily

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Lyons ◽  
William B. Miller ◽  
H. Christian Wien ◽  
Neil S. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Second Year

When grown in containers, pineapple lily (Eucomis sp.) can produce excessively long foliage and tall scapes, particularly in cultivars with tall pineapple lily (Eucomis comosa) parentage. Height control, through the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs), is necessary to improve crop quality of potted pineapple lily. In year 1 of these trials, bulbs of cultivars Reuben, Tugela Jade, and Tugela Gem were given substrate drenches of flurprimidol or paclobutrazol, each at 2, 4, or 6 mg per 6-inch pot. Drenches were applied at the “visible inflorescence” stage. As concentration increased, scapes were generally shorter in all cultivars for both PGRs, but there was no effect on foliage length or production time. At the rates tested, the reduction in scape length was insufficient to produce marketable plants of the three cultivars. In the second year, substrate drenches were applied at an earlier stage than in year 1, at “leaf whorl emergence,” when shoots were about 7 cm tall. The PGR treatments were notably more effective at controlling plant height in the second year. As concentration increased, scape and foliage length was reduced relative to the controls in all three cultivars for both PGRs. For all cultivars, inflorescence leaning and toppling were sharply reduced at all application rates compared with untreated controls. The reduction in plant height observed in year 2, particularly in plants treated with 4 or 6 mg/pot, resulted in plants with compact scapes and foliage proportional with their 6-inch containers.

scholarly journals Chemical Height Control of Containerized Seashore Mallow

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Hilgers ◽  
Cynthia Haynes ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Kosteletzkya Virginica ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Number Of Branches

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of plant growth regulators applied as foliar sprays on height and branching of seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya virginica). Five chemical plant growth regulators were applied: ancymidol [15, 25, and 50 mg·L–1 (ppm)] (A-Rest; Elanco Products Co., Indianapolis), dikegulac sodium (500, 1000, and 1500 mg.L–1) (Atrimmec; PBI/Gordon Corp., Kansas City, Mo.), paclobutrazol (10, 20, and 60 mg·L–1) (Bonzi; Uniroyal Chemical Co., Middlebury, Conn.), chlormequat chloride (CCC) (750, 1000, and 1500 mg·L–1) (Cycocel; Olympic Horticultural Products, Mainland, Pa.), and CCC/daminozide mixes (1000/2500, 1000/5000, and 1500/5000 mg·L–1) (Cycocel and B-Nine; Uniroyal Chemical Co.). Ten replicate plants of each concentration were evaluated weekly for plant height and number of branches for 8 weeks. Plants that received CCC and CCC/daminozide treatments at all concentrations and paclobutrazol at 60 mg·L–1 were 60%, 60%, and 48% shorter than control plants and had 113%, 100%, and 75% more branches than control plants, respectively. All concentrations of ancymidol and dikegulac sodium-treated plants were similar to control plants. Paclobutrazol was applied twice, and only the highest concentration was effective for height control. Chlormequat chloride at the lowest concentration was as effective as all other concentrations of CCC and CCC/daminozide.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth of Vigorous Osteospermum Cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Peduncle Length

Vigorous osteospermum (Osteospermum ecklonis) cultivars Congo and Wildside received foliar sprays of daminozide or daminozide + chlormequat (Expt. 1). Both cultivars responded similarly to the plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments. Only a limited amount of plant height control occurred using 5,000 mg·L-1 (ppm) daminozide + 1,500 mg·L-1 chlormequat or 5,000 mg·L-1 daminozide + 3,000 mg·L-1 chlormequat. Flowering was delayed, phytotoxicity was observed, while peduncle length increased, suggesting that higher concentrations of daminozide or chlormequat may or not be effective at any concentration and may result in increased phytotoxicity. In Expt. 2, `Lusaka' received foliar sprays or substrate drenches of paclobutrazol or uniconazole. Foliar sprays ≤80 mg·L-1 paclobutrazol or ≤24 mg·L-1 uniconazole were ineffective in controlling plant growth. Substrate drenches of paclobutrazol (a.i.) at 8 to 16 mg/pot (28,350 mg = 1.0 oz) produced compact plants, but at a cost of $0.23 and $0.46/pot, respectively, would not be economically feasible for wholesale producers to use. Uniconazole drenches were effective in producing compact `Lusaka' osteospermum plants. Uniconazole drench concentrations of 0.125 to 0.25 mg/pot were recommended for retail growers, while wholesale growers that desire more compact plants should apply a 0.25 to 0.5 mg/pot drench. Applying uniconazole would cost $0.06 for a 0.25 mg drench or $0.12 for a 0.5 mg drench.

scholarly journals (69) Effects of Photoselective Shadecloths on Growth and Flowering of Potted Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012D-1012
Author(s):  
Kent D. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. Though commonly used, growth regulators are expensive, and there are concerns about environmental consequences and safety of workers. Alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of photoselective shadecloths on the growth and flowering of `Arezzo' chrysanthemum. One-month-old potted `Arezzo' chrysanthemum plants were grown in a saranhouse in chambers built with PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe covered with 30% shadecloths—red, blue, gray, and black (control). The blue shadecloth was more effective in reducing plant height, with no differences among the other shadecloths. Plant canopy dimensions—greatest canopy width and average canopy width—did not show any differences among the shadecloths. The red shadecloth was more effective in hastening flowering, followed by the blue shadecloth. This was evident by flowering first occurring with the red shadecloth and initially the greatest number of buds showing color. Additionally, the red shadecloth had the highest proportion of the number of flowers to the combined number of flowers and buds showing color. Specifically, the total number of flowers was similar to the total number of buds showing color. In contrast with the other shadecloths, there was a greater number of buds showing color than the number of flowers. The most buds showing color occurred with the gray shadecloth. The three shadecloths resulted in a greater number of the combined buds showing color and flowers than the black shadecloth. In conclusion, photoselective shadecloths may provide an alternative to controlling plant height and altering the flowering pattern of potted chrysanthemums.

scholarly journals Ornamental Cabbage and Kale Growth Responses to Daminozide, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Industry Standard

Ornamental cabbage and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants of cultivars Osaka White and Nagoya Red were treated with paclobutrazol and uniconazole as foliar sprays or substrate drenches. These treatments were compared to the industry standard of daminozide foliar sprays. Applying drenches of paclobutrazol (a.i.) at 4 mg/pot or uniconazole (a.i.) at 1 mg/pot (28,350 mg = 1.0 oz) resulted in 6% or 17%, respectively, shorter `Osaka White' plants while a 2 mg/pot paclobutrazol drench or a uniconazole drench at 0.25 mg/pot resulted in 25% shorter `Nagoya Red' plants. Although effective, the expense of substrate drenches for both plant growth regulators (PGRs) would not be economically feasible for growers to use. Paclobutrazol foliar sprays at concentrations of up to 80 mg·L-1 (ppm) were ineffective in controlling plant height and diameter of either `Osaka White' or `Nagoya Red'. A uniconazole foliar spray of 16 mg·L-1 resulted in 17% shorter `Nagoya Red' plants and 6% shorter `Osaka White' plants. A daminozide foliar spray of 2500 mg·L-1, sprayed twice, resulted in 21% shorter plants for both cultivars. Spraying daminozide would provide optimal height control for the retail grower. Although spraying daminozide twice controlled plant height and costs half the amount of an uniconazole spray at 16 mg·L-1, plant diameter was not affected with daminozide, therefore a wholesale grower who would desire a smaller diameter plant should use a uniconazole spray of 16 mg·L-1.

Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gremil Alessandro Naz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
American Values ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽  
Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

The perceived conditions for living well: Positive perceptions of primary goods linked with basic psychological needs and wellness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Bradshaw ◽  
Cody R. DeHaan ◽  
Philip Parker ◽  
Randall Curren ◽  
Jasper Duineveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Average Effect Size ◽  
Primary Goods

We integrate Rawls’ (1971/2009, 1993, 2001) concept of primary goods with self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan &amp; Deci, 2017), to examine the link between people’s perceptions of primary goods (i.e., views of society as just and fair), basic psychological need satisfaction, and well-being. In Study 1 (N=762, countries = Australia, the United States, South Africa, India, and the Philippines) and Study 2 (N=1479, groups = ethnic minority, sexual minority, political group, religious group), we used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess associations between perceptions of primary goods and wellness, and the intermediary role of basic psychological needs. Perceptions of primary goods linked positively to well-being (average effect size = 0.48), and negatively to ill-being (average effect size = -0.46). These associations were strongly mediated by basic psychological needs (average percentage mediated: 53% Study 1 and 68% Study 2). Results signify the importance of primary goods’ perceptions to wellness.

Influences of Growth Regulators and Cultivars on Callus and Shoot Production of Alfalfa

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 461f-462
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
Marihelen Kamp-Glass
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Number Of Shoots ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Alfalfa seeds of Cimarron VR, CW1446, CW2440, C94-118, C94-785, and WL311 were used as explants. BA, zeatin, and TDZ were evaluated on callus initiation, development, and shoot production. Callus initiation and development toward shoot organogenesis were enhanced when BA was added in the culture medium. Calli produced from BA treatments were compact, solid, and dark green. Similar results were obtained when zeatin was added in the culture medium. However, no shoots were produced from such calli. Multiple shoots were produced directly from each individual explant when TDZ was added to culture medium. However, when higher concentration of TDZ was used, number of shoots per explant was decreased, and dwarf shoots were produced. No apparent difference on shoot production was observed among the cultivars tested so far. Data on number of shoots per explant from two of these cultivars need to be statistically analyzed.

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