PATHOHISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PIGS WITH MYCOPLASMOSIS

A pathological autopsy was performed on 6 corpses of piglets in the first week of life who died from mycoplasmosis. Examination of the visible mucous membranes revealed hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and thymus. Simultaneous lesions of the pharyngeal, parotid, cervical, mandibular lymph nodes were noted. They were slightly enlarged, from dark pink to dark red. The heart is irregularly shaped due to the expansion of the right ventricle or the diffuse expansion of all departments. Lungs have doughy consistency, uneven color. In some cases, there are diffuse red areas covering the entire lobe of the lungs, in other cases, there is a defeat of small areas. The liver has a smooth surface, soft or pasty consistency, the parenchyma pattern is slightly smoothed in section. The color of the liver is different: dark red areas, without clear boundaries turn into creamy-clay. Flatulence was a characteristic feature of the stomach and intestines. Catarrhal enteritis was registered in animals, which manifested itself in the form of moderate hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa and serous membranes. Microscopically, there is a significant blood supply to the vessels in the lungs. Alveoli are half fall down, in the form of slit-like lumens. In areas of tissue infiltration by inflammatory infiltrate, the alveolar wall is thickened, alveocytes are in a state of turbid swelling and vacuolar dystrophy, they are impregnated with erythrocytes. Peribronchial pneumonia of lymphocytic character is observed. The liver is in a state of acute venous hyperemia. The central and intraparticle capillaries are sharply dilated and filled with blood in some lobes, and the hepatic beams are compressed accordingly. In the center of other lobes, diffuse infiltration of liver tissue by erythrocytes as a consequence of diapedesis is noted. Hepatocytes are in a state of granular dystrophy. Destructive changes are strongly expressed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine: desquamation of the epithelium, necrosis of epitheliocytes and villi, destruction of crypts. In the brain tissue, there is dilation of the lumens of large and small blood vessels, extracellular and perivascular edema, areas of reactive necrosis.

Analyzing genetic diversity and correlation of statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) varieties in Lam Dong using RAPD-PCR technique

In this study, 12 varieties of statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) were collected from famous flower growing areas (Van Thanh, Thai Phien, Da Thien, Ha Dong and Trai Mat) in Lam Dong. Young foliage of flowering cultivars after 45 days of planting at the experimental site was collected for DNA extraction and genetic correlation analysis using RAPD with 13 random primers. Results showed that out of 145 RAPD bands, there were 133 polymorphic bands (91.72%) and 12 monomorphic bands (8.28%). Of which, the OPB-03 primer has the highest number of amplifiers, which is 17 bands (with 16 polymorphic bands); the genetic difference coefficients ranged from 0.30 to 0.90, mean 0.55. The results of the genetic sequence analysis using NTSYSpc 2.1 showed that 12 varieties of statice were divided into 4 groups: group I consisting of 3 varieties (rose pink, dark pink and pure magenta); Group II including 2 varieties (blue violet and new violet); Group III including 6 varieties (light pink, old violet, new white, old white, light yellow and light violet); Group IV consisting only 1 variety (cadimi yellow). This result is an important database in the conservation of statice genetic resources, as well as provides the necessary information to select mutant breeding of this species in the coming time.

A Simple Technique for the Identification of Environmental DNA (eDNA ) in the Water Samples

The environmental DNA(eDNA) is the DNA that is shed by the organisms in their environment by different ways viz. , mucous, faeces, skin, eggs, sperms and also when these organisms die due to natural death or disease. The eDNA will persist for several days. Identification of eDNA is a useful method of determining the organisms present in an aquatic environment like amphibians, reptiles, fishes , insects and larval forms of some of these organisms. By analysing the e-DNA it is possible to monitor the species distribution in water bodies like lakes and ponds simply by collecting a sample of water. The technique can be applied for the survey of the water bodies on a large scale for the genomic, taxonomic as well as pollutional studies. The DNA isolation procedures that are available are laborious and time consuming. Therefore, during the present study, a simplified method was devised i. e. , isolation of eDNA with ethanol after which Feulgen stain was applied to identify and confirm it, as it is an easy method before proceeding to work with the isolated eDNA using other techniqnies for further studies. The Feulgen method is used for the selective staining and the localisation of the DNA in the tissues but is adopted during the present study for the water samples for quick identification of eDNA. The smear of eDNA stained with Feulgen showed dark pink or magenta colour under the microscope where it was concentrated but stained lightly when dispersed and fragmented as observed in the present study. Further studies of the isolated eDNA are in progress in our laboratory for quantifying and sequencing eDNA using latest techniques like next generation sequencing for the identification of fish species in the lakes.

Etawa Goat Estrus Quality with Estrus Synchronization

Background: Estrus synchronization is a way to get a herd of cattle estrus at the same time. This method can increase the reproductive success of livestock, thereby increasing production and population. Purpose: To determine the estrus quality from estrus synchronized Boerja goats, in Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency. Method: Estrus synchronization using an intra-vaginal sponge contains hormone progesterone, combined with the injection of the hormone GnRH. an intra-vaginal progesterone sponge was inserted for 14 days. After 14 days, the goats were injected with the GnRH hormone, then placed in a cage with the male and observed for estrus quality. Result: the average onset of estrus was 40.6 hours, the average color of the goat's vulvar mucosa when estrus was 2.3 (dark pink), the average presence of mucus was 1.9 (excess vulvar mucus), the average mucus color is 2.8 (white), and the average temperature increase of the vulva when the goat is in estrus is 0.4 ° C. Conclusion: The observations showed that the estrus quality of the goats was very diverse and not all goats were able to show the maximum estrus quality. It can be due to genetic factors, body condition, and feed nutrition.

Two New Species of Russula Subsect. Virescentinae From Southern China

Two new species from southern China, Russula subpunicea and R. albolutea, were described and illustrated. Russula subpunicea is characterized by a pinkish to dark pink pileus with striations at the margin, white lamellae without lamellulae, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores with warts and spines sometimes joined to form a reticulum, hymenial cystidia that are mainly clavate, a suprapellis mainly composed of chains of short inflated cells with attenuated terminal cells and pileocystidia that are mainly clavate and turn reddish in sulfovanillin. Russula albolutea is recognized by a yellowish white pileus with long striations at the margin, a white stipe with a yellowish tinge, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, hymenial cystidia that are mainly clavate and apically often obtuse and turn mauve in sulfovanillin, and a suprapellis mainly consisting of chains of short inflated cells with attenuated terminal cells. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-mtSSU dataset. By combining detailed morphological features with multigene phylogenetic evidence, we assigned the new taxa to Russula subsect. Virescentinae.

Ranciéit a doprovodné minerály z Rychaltic u Frýdku-Místku (Morava, Česká republika)

Recently described small outcrop of the upper part of the Barnasiówka Formation yielded several manganese oxidic minerals. Outcrop at the bank of the Krnalovice Stream (GPS N 49°38.623’ E 018°14.630’) consists of Lower Turonian greenish to grey-black laminated claystone alternating with grey chert. The whole sequence is a part of the Baška facies of the Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians. In the middle part of the profile occur concretional aggregates containing manganese minerals. The central pale part of these aggregates is composed of quartz (ca. 90 wt.%), albite (ca. 9 wt.%), and muscovite, the darker rim of quartz (ca. 80 wt.%), goethite (ca. 10 wt.%), illite, todorokite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and pyrite. Occasionally, remains of Mn-rich siderite were preserved in the cores. We suppose that they are in fact weathering products of carbonate-rich silicites. Manganese oxides also enter fissures in form of thin black coatings. Powder X-ray diffraction proved the presence of todorokite, ranciéite, pyrolusite, and possible vernadite. Todorokite forms black coatings with submetallic lustre, often associating with ranciéite. Ranciéite is dark pink to pinkish-brown, with a metallic lustre. Back-scattered electron images reveal its extremely thin tabular, sometimes undulated crystals and hexagonally oriented intergrowths. Powder diffraction data are strongly affected by preferred orientation, with dominating basal reflections of 001 plane at 7.4849 Å and plane 002 at 3.7424 Å. Its average formula from nine WDS spots (Ca0.14Mg0.01Ba0.01K0.01)Σ0.17(Mn4+0.86Si0.02Al0.03Fe0.01)Σ0.92O2.00·0.88H2O (based on 2 anions, water calculated from the ratio of cation sum / H2O in the formula according to Post et al. 2008) and CaO/MnO2 ratio 9 to 12 correspond well to the published data for this phase. Ranciéite is a rather common phyllomanganate from various geological environments, but this locality represents its first unambiguous occurrence in the Czech Republic. It closely resembles the one from Polish flysch Carpathians from Nowa Wieś near Rzesów.

Approach to Treatment of Multiple Sarcoids in Crioulo Horses

Background: The equine sarcoid corresponds to one third of equine tumors, and may present as single or multiple and in six different shapes. The etiology is still unknown, but it brings with it some predisposing factors. Confirmatory diagnosis is made based on histopathology evaluation. There are several treatments described in the literature, therefore, it varies according to the choice of the veterinarian, the conditions and interests of the owner and the characteristics of the sarcoid tumor. The present research work aims to report the case of a Crioule horse that presented of a multiple sarcoids in different shapes of the body and, testing the efficacy and response to the chosen treatment.Case: The Crioulo gateado coat stallion, aged six years and seven months and weigh 360 kg. In the physical evaluation observed alert behavior, body score (ECC) three (1-5), 36 bpm, 20 mpm. The pelvic right limb (PRL) presented a mobile fibroblastic nodule was found on the proximal dorsal face of the third metatarsal bone (MTIII), pendular and broad-based, ulcerated, with a diameter of approximately 10 cm x 7 cm associated of a dark pink color. Likewise, on the caudal surface of the ear observed verrucous sessile flat lesion with a diameter of 5 cm and, in the right corner of the mouth, a non-ulcerated, pendular, mobile dark red color nodule evidenced with a diameter approximately 3 cm. Similarly, there were multiple ulcerated pendulous dark pink color mobiles nodules in the region of the left and right groin, as well in the pectoral region. For histopathological evaluation, a 0.5 cm specimen tumor of the medial corner of the mouth was collected and observed proliferation of connective tissue and thickening of the epidermis with pseudocarcinomatous projections suggestive of sarcoid lesion tumor. Subsequently, surgical removal tumors associated with cryotherapy and application of 0.25 ml of intralesional vincristine to each region. In addition, an autologous implant tumors specimen of the 0.3 cm approximately was performed after 15 minutes cryopreservation. They were implanted of the subcutaneous neck space in 1 cm incisions and synthesis with simple interrupted pattern using 2-0 nylon. As postoperative PRL care consisted of the utilization Robert Jones bandage for 20 days period, with changes and wound care in an interval of 4 days associated with the daily antisepsis care of the other treated areas. The patient evaluated 10 months after the aforementioned procedures and complete healing tumors lesions.Discussion: The etiology of the sarcoid not well defined, but there are some predispositions such as race, handling of animals and the location of the body. The accompanied animal falls within the aforementioned predispositions observed in this case characterized of the association breed cattle. Probably the sarcoid tumors to be related together of the bovine papillomavirus, and was affected in the most cited regions, such as members, mouth and ears. The sarcoid can appear in six different shapes, several of which can be found in the same animal. Among the treatments mentioned, we opted for the association of surgical removal, associated with cryotherapy and the use of intralesional vincristine, in addition to autologous implants and topical use of Acyclovir. Considering that there have been no recurrences at this moment, the treatment was effective in eliminating the sarcoid tumors and making it a good option for the control lesions of the clinically presented high rates of recurrences.

Pedoarcheological Research of the Zhayyk-1 Kurgan

The article reveals the results of pedoarchaeological research of the Zhayyk-kurgan. The research is based on the pedoarchaeological method in the study of historical monuments as a part of natural. The essence of this method is a joint study of modern soils and ancient paleosols of different age archaeological monuments. The obtained data allowed us to clarify the construction features of the archaeological monument’s ground mound, as well as to suggest the time of its building. Natural conditions in this period (probably 5th century BC) were generally similar to modern ones, the area was dominated by steppe landscapes with dark chestnut soils. The сentral part of the kurgan was built of soil blocks, which are cut out upper humus horizons of the soil in their natural composition. The inner mound of the monument is surrounded by a circular moat about 80 cm deep. In the сentral part of the mound, there are traces of burning in the form of burnt and melted blocks, pieces of soil colored brick and dark pink, charred fragments of wood. The internal structure made of blocks is covered with an embankment of yellow-gray loose humus loam, which is a layer of soil lying under the humus horizon in the areas of building blocks preparation, and this material also fills the ring moat. The embankment that overlaps the primary structure, in turn, is covered with a massive gray-brown top-up that forms the appearance of the monument. It is possible to point out three stages of the kurgan construction: the moment of building a block structure with a ring moat; the stage of building the first mound, and then covering the entire structure with the mound of the last burial.

Segregation of Flower Color and Eyespot in Althea

Althea (Hibiscus syriacus) is an ornamental shrub prized for its winterhardiness, flower colors, and unique flower forms, including single-flowered and double-flowered types. Although floral traits are most important for breeders of althea, little is known about their segregation patterns. The objective of this study was to determine segregation patterns in flower color, including eyespot, among hybrid seedlings of elite taxa. Over 4 years, more than 3100 flowering seedlings were produced for observation of F1, F2, and backcross families. For each plant, data were collected including presence of eyespot and petal body color (CIEL*a*b*) using a colorimeter. Recessive testcrosses and χ2 analyses were performed among three taxa (‘Buddha Belly’, ‘Diana’, and White Chiffon®), and between this recessive group and a suite of colorful taxa. Self-pollination and intercrosses within homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive groups further confirmed their genotypes. Based on these results, we propose that eyespot is controlled by a single gene called spotless, named for the recessive allele that results in a complete elimination of color in flowers. Crosses that resulted in seedlings that all produced eyespots were observed to segregate for color in the petal body. Of these, one group produced white to blush pink petals, which was recessive to full color. Recessive testcrosses and χ2 analyses were performed among nine taxa exhibiting eyespots with white to blush petal bodies, and between taxa with full-color petal bodies. These testcrosses resulted in a putative homozygous dominant group composed mostly of blue and dark pink taxa, whereas the heterozygous group was composed mostly of pink taxa. Spotless taxa were also added to these two groups, suggesting an epistatic interaction with the spotless allele. Based on these results, we propose that petal body color is controlled by a single gene called geisha, named for the recessive allele that produces white to blush-pink petal bodies and dark red eyespot. This trait exhibits incomplete dominance and is under epistatic control by spotless. Geisha-type flowers lack pigment in the petal body, or exhibit a blush pink, likely produced by low levels of cyanidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin. The interaction and segregation of these two genes was confirmed in F1, F2, and backcross families from two crosses: Lil’ Kim™ × Blue Chiffon™ and Fiji™ × White Chiffon®. This study on segregation of flower color in H. syriacus contributes substantial and useful information on inheritance of color and will facilitate targeted breeding to improve this vibrant ornamental shrub.

Tinjauan Pustaka : Teknik Pengujian Toksisitas Teratogenik Pada Obat Herbal

Toxicity testing of natural ingredients used in raw materials for making herbal medicines needs to be done to ensure its safety. In general, toxicity tests are divided into 2 types namely general toxicity and specific toxicity. One specific toxicity test is the teratogenic test. Teratogenic testing is part of a special toxicity test that is intended to determine the toxic effect of a compound on the fetus or fetus. The writing of this journal aims to explain the teratogenic toxicity testing technique by referring to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 414 and OECD 236 on herbal medicines. Some examples of herbs used for testing teratogenic toxicity as studied by Lu E. The et al. On Bougainvillea glabra (Paper Flower) with the results of a study of water extracts in purple and dark pink, B. glabra bract is not toxic to embryos, except the pink type with LC 50 85.51 ?g / mL. then there is Mindi leaf (Melia azedarach L) which was investigated by Adisti erlina sutomo et al with the results of extracting at a dose of 3.22 mg / kg bw already causing teratogenic toxicity. And there are still some herbs that are used for teratogenic toxicity testing with mixed results.